TY - JOUR T1 - The comparative protein profiles of venom and venom gland extracts of Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae) JF - Gazi Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Y1 - 2005 A1 - Yigit, Nazife SP - 555 EP - 561 KW - / Comparison with venom gland protein profiles] [Venom glands / Venom KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Agelena labyrinthica [Proteins / Protein profiles / Venom & venom gland KW - Biochemistry KW - Cephalic glands KW - comparative study] [Toxins and venoms / Venom protein profiles KW - Digestive system KW - extracts KW - gland protein profiles / Comparison with venom protein profiles]. AB - Spider venoms are biologically active substances which affect a variety of vital physiological functions in both insects and mammals. The major constituents of spider venoms are protein, polypeptide and polyamine neurotoxins, enzymes, nucleic acids, free amino acids, monoamines and inorganic salts. The identification of the proteins in spider venoms is an essential step for identification of venom. In this study, we compared with protein profiles of Agelena labyrinthica venom obtained by electrostimulation of the prosoma and extracted directly from gland. There were seven components identified in whole venom, when whole venom and venom gland extracts composition of A. labyrinthica were compared by SDS-PAGE. VL - 18 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201002913 N1 - ZOOR14201002913 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional morphology of the venom apparatus of the funnel spider, Agelena gracilens (Araneae: Agelenidae) from Turkey JF - Entomological News Y1 - 2007 A1 - Yigit, Nazife A1 - Bayram, Abdullah A1 - Danisman, Tarik A1 - Sancak, Zafer SP - 161 EP - 167 KW - [Venom glands / Venom gland functional morphology / ] [Turkey / KW - Agelena gracilens (Araneae). KW - Agelena gracilens [Chelicerae / Chelicerae functional morphology / ] KW - Appendages KW - Cephalic KW - Digestive system KW - Eurasia KW - General morphology KW - glands KW - Land zones KW - Mouthparts KW - Palaearctic region KW - Yahsihan-Kirkkale / ]. VL - 118 SN - 0013-872X UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14605036686 N1 - ZOOR14605036686 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional structure of Agelena labyrinthica's (Araneae: Agelenidae) venom gland and electrophoresis of venom JF - Toxicon Y1 - 2006 A1 - Yigit, Nazife A1 - Guven, Turan SP - 58 EP - 67 KW - [Venom glands / / Functional structure]. KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Agelena labyrinthica [Toxins and venoms / Venom electrophoresis / ] KW - Biochemistry KW - Cephalic glands KW - Digestive system AB - The funnel-web spider, Agelena labyrinthica, is widely distributed throughout Turkey. The objective of the present study was to describe the histological and functional fine structure of A. labyrinthica's venom gland by using light microscope, scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). We have also preliminarily analyzed venom components by SDS-PAGE. Each venom gland has surrounded by a thin adventitia and gross striated muscular bundles. Basal lamina underlies between muscular bundles and the inner glandular epithelium, and ties up them each other. The striated muscular bundles spirally covered venom gland has been observed by SEM. Intricate relations formed between motor neuron axons and the muscle fibers have been revealed by TEM. The secretory epithelium, which made up of simple columnar cells, formed the secretory region of the venom gland. The secretory surface of the gland was increased by a sort of fringes extended from basal membrane into the gland lumen. The epithelial cells have many rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and different size and shape of secretory granules. These granules have been accumulated in apical portion of the secretory cells. After the gland is emptied, the apical portions of secretory cells deteriorate and the basal epithelial cells regenerate the columnar cells. The analysis of A. labyrinthica venom, which was achieved by SDS-PAGE showed that there have been at least seven components ranging from 10 to 40 kDa molecular weight. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. VL - 47 SN - 0041-0101 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14206035267 N1 - ZOOR14206035267 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A morphological study on the venom apparatus of the spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae, Agelenidae) JF - Turkish Journal of Zoology Y1 - 2004 A1 - Yigit, Nazife A1 - Guven, Turan A1 - Bayram, Abdullah A1 - Cavusoglu, Kultigin SP - 149 EP - 153 KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Agelena labyrinthica [Toxins and venoms / Venom apparatus / KW - Biochemistry KW - Cephalic glands KW - Digestive system KW - Morphological study] [Venom glands / / ]. AB - The morphology of the venom apparatus of the spider Agelena labyrinthica was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The venom apparatus, situated in the anterior of the prosoma, is composed of a pair of chelicerae and venom glands. Each chelicera consists of two parts, a stout basal segment covered by hair, and a movable articulated fang. There are regular, parallel fine grooves on the surface of the cheliceral fang. The venom pore is situated on the subterminal portion of the fang. All of the venom glands are the same size and are shaped like long tubes. Each gland is surrounded by bundles of muscular fibers. Venom is produced in the venom glands, and it is carried by a venom duct passing through the chelicera, exiting from the venom pore during muscular contraction. VL - 28 SN - 1300-0179 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14011067157 N1 - ZOOR14011067157 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptosis and biochemical biomarkers of stress in spiders from industrially polluted areas exposed to high temperature and dimethoate JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology Y1 - 2005 A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna SP - 194 EP - 206 KW - [Temperature / High temperature / ] [Poland / Olkusz & Pilica / KW - Abiotic factors KW - Agelena labyrinthica KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Apoptosis / Midgut gland KW - Apoptosis & biochemical biomarkers of stress KW - Biochemistry KW - biomarkers KW - Chemical factors KW - Chemical pollution KW - Digestive system KW - enzyme activity / ] [Digestive gland / / Apoptosis & chemical stress KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - gland apoptosis & biochemical stress marker responses to temperature & KW - individuals from metal polluted sites] [Enzymes / Antioxidant KW - individuals from polluted sites] [Metal pollution / / Midgut KW - Land zones KW - Life cycle and development KW - metallothionein / Stress biomarkers KW - Midgut gland apoptosis & biochemical stress marker responses] KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pardosa lugubris (Araneae). KW - Pardosa lugubris [Proteins / Heat shock proteins & KW - pesticide KW - pesticide exposure]. KW - pesticide relationship] [Fertilizers and pesticides / Dimethoate / KW - Physical factors KW - Pollution KW - Proteins KW - responses to high temperature & KW - responses to temperature & KW - stress biomarker response to temperature & KW - temperature & pesticide pollution exposure] [Development / AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; catalase) and quantitative changes in stress protein positive cells (Hsp70; metallothionein) in midgut glands of funnel web spiders Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and wolf spiders Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) exposed to high temperature and pesticide under laboratory conditions. The spiders were collected from two meadow ecosystems differently polluted with metals (Olkusz and Pilica, southern Poland). Under stress conditions, P. lugubris had fewer apoptotic cells in the midgut glands than A. labyrinthica. In P. lugubris from both sites, the observed increase in the percentage of metallothionein and Hsp70-positive cells, simultaneous with intensification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, suggests an anti-apoptotic function of those proteins in representatives of wandering spiders. In the midgut glands of A. labyrinthica, heat shock and dimethoate increased the number of Annexin V-positive cells as well as the amounts of mitochondria with low transmembrane potential ([DELTA][PSI]m) versus the control. The changes in the percentage of MT and Hsp70-positive cells in funnel web spiders were less than in wolf spiders. The absence of change in SOD and CAT activity in A. labyrinthica shows that the participation of those enzymes in antioxidant reactions is minimal in this species. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VL - 141 SN - 1532-0456 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201000233 N1 - ZOOR14201000233 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular stress reactions assessed by gender and species in spiders from areas variously polluted with heavy metals JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Y1 - 2008 A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna A1 - Babczynska, Agnieszka A1 - Wilczek, Piotr A1 - Dolezych, Bogdan A1 - Migula, Pawel A1 - Mlynska, Hanna SP - 127 EP - 137 KW - [Cytology / Apoptosis & necrosis / ] [Pollutants / Midgut gland heavy KW - [Digestive system / / ] [Sex differences / / ] [Grassland / Meadows / KW - ] [Metal pollution / Heavy metal pollution / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland / KW - Abiotic KW - Agelena labyrinthica KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Biochemistry KW - Chemical factors KW - Chemical pollution KW - Cytology KW - Digestive system KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - factors KW - Habitat KW - Land zones KW - Linyphia triangularis KW - Linyphia triangularis (Araneae). KW - metal content / ] [Proteins / Antioxidant parameters / ] [Enzymes / / ] KW - Olkusz & Pilica / ]. KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pollution KW - Proteins KW - Reproduction KW - Terrestrial habitat KW - Xerolycosa nemoralis KW - Xerolycosa nemoralis (Araneae). AB - In the funnel web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae; A. l.), sheet web spider Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae; L. t.) and wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae; X. n.) from two differently polluted meadow sites in southern Poland, we studied the relations between antioxidant parameters (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidases, GPOX, GSTPx; catalase, CAT; stress proteins-Hsp70, metallothioneins Mts), the intensity of apoptosis and necrosis, and heavy metal burdens of the midgut gland. Cellular reactions against stress caused by pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the midgut glands of male A. l. and X. n. were more than double that of the females, from both study sites. In male spiders from the heavily polluted site, both negative correlations (activity of caspase-3-like proteins vs Cu, Zn concentration; number of depolarized mitochondria vs Cu concentration) and positive correlations (number of necrotic cells vs Cu concentrations; activity of CAT vs Zn) were noted. The defense of males against high metal content and its prooxidative effects is based mainly on GSH and CAT. In females the antioxidative reactions are species-specific and depend mainly on high peroxidase activity and on stress protein level. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the midgut gland of female spiders from the heavily polluted site suggests the defensive role of this process in maintaining the proper functioning of this organ. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VL - 70 SN - 0147-6513 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14410058564 N1 - ZOOR14410058564 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fine structural analysis of the neuromuscular junction in the venomous organ of the spider, Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae) JF - Korean Journal of Zoology Y1 - 1996 A1 - Moon, Myung-Jin SP - 223 EP - 230 KW - Agelena limbata (Araneae). KW - Agelena limbata [Toxins and venoms / / Venomous organ KW - Biochemistry KW - Cephalic glands KW - Digestive system KW - gland] [Venom glands / / ]. KW - junction KW - Nervous system KW - neuromuscular KW - ultrastructure] [Synapses / / Neuromuscular junction in venom AB - Fine structure of the neuromuscular junction in the venomous organ of the spider, Agelena limbata, was studied using high magnification electron microscope. The motor nerve endings at neuromuscular contact area composed of neurons and neuroglial cells were located between musculature and extracellular sheath of the venom gland. At the synaptic contact between a motor axon and a muscle fiber in the musculature, spherical synaptic vesicles were prominent in the nerve terminal. The sarcoplasm beneath the neuromuscular synapse has a granular appearance and lacks myofilaments. And the main axon gives off a branch between the muscle fibers. The synaptic regions of this organ are located close to the myofilaments unlike to other chelicerate classes. Moreover the postsynaptic complex of vesicles and membrane invaginations present in other synaptic regions are absent from these regions in this venomous organ. VL - 39 SN - 0440-2510 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13300031593 N1 - ZOOR13300031593Serial Number 133 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations on the morphology and histochemistry of the foregut muscles of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida) JF - Journal of Morphology Y1 - 1981 A1 - Meyer, W. SP - 113 EP - 131 KW - / / histochemistry & morphology] [Muscle arrangement and gross muscle KW - anatomy / / ] [Digestive system / / ]. KW - Araneae (Arachnida). KW - Araneae [Biochemistry / / Histochemistry KW - Biochemistry KW - Digestive system KW - foregut muscles] [Musculature KW - Musculature AB - The morphology of the foregut muscles of 5 spider families (Theraphosidae, Agelenidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae) was described, and the individual fiber numbers and fiber cross diameters of the muscles were determined. The nomenclature of these muscles was reviewed and modified if necessary. Oxidative enzyme and myosin-ATPase histochemistry revealed 8 dilatatory muscles of the foregut to consist of slow (type I) fibers, fast fibers (type IIB) and intermediate fibers, were only found in the 2 other muscles of the foregut, and in the remaining prosomal muscles (type IIA fibers around the poison gland). The 8 sucking muscles proper of the foregut also showed stronger activities of transmitter metabolizing enzymes [monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD)], and comparatively distinct amounts of glycogen and lipids. VL - 170 SN - 0362-2525 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR11800014951 N1 - ZOOR11800014951 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Digestion in spiders: histology and fine structure of the midgut gland of Coelotes terrestris (Agelenidae) JF - Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology Y1 - 1988 A1 - Ludwig, M. A1 - Alberti, G. SP - 709 EP - 718 KW - / / Midgut gland histology & ultrastructure]. KW - Coelotes terrestris (Araneae). KW - Coelotes terrestris [Digestion / / Midgut gland role] [Digestive system KW - Digestive system KW - Nutrition AB - The fine structure of the midgut gland and its changes according to the nutritional state have been examined in the spider Coelotes terrestris (Agelenidae). In the epithelium of the midgut gland two types of cells are present: secretory cells and digestive cells. The epithelia are connected by an intermediate tissue. Secretory cells, characterized by great amounts of rER extrude enzyme containing granula into the lumen where extracellular digestion takes place. The digestive cells take up predigested food by pinocytosis and the resorbed nutrients are digested in nutritional vacuoles. Fat and glycogen originating from intracellular digestion in these vacuoles are stored in the intermediate tissue. Some nutritional vacuoles serve as an intracellular store in digestive cells. Metabolic wastes are collected in excretory vacuoles and extruded into the lumen. Histochemical examinations reveal that unspecific esterase and aminopeptidase seem to play an important role in digestive processes, whereas alkaline phosphatase is involved in transportation processes. VL - 20 SN - 1122-9497 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12500053246 N1 - ZOOR12500053246 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental disorders of internal metamerism in Tegenaria atrica C.L. Koch (Aranei Agelenidae) JF - Przeglad Zoologiczny Y1 - 1983 A1 - Jacunski, L. SP - 219 EP - 223 KW - Abiotic factors KW - alimentary system metameric disorders KW - Body form KW - cycle and development KW - Development KW - development] [Temperature / / Embryo development KW - Digestive system KW - Diseases and disorders KW - disorders KW - disorders]. KW - effect on metameric KW - embryo thermal reaction] [Metamerism / / Disorders KW - General morphology KW - Life KW - nervous & alimentary system] [Nervous system / / Metameric disorders KW - Nervous system KW - nervous system] [Developmental disorders / / Prosoma nervous & KW - Parasites diseases and disorders KW - Physical factors KW - prosomal KW - Prosomal digestive tract & KW - Tegenaria atrica (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria atrica [Prosoma / / Nervous & alimentary system metameric KW - Temperature effect in metameric disorders KW - temperature effect on embryo] [Digestive system / / ] [Embryology / / KW - Temperature effects during embryo VL - 27 SN - 0033-247X UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12000044980 N1 - ZOOR12000044980 ER -