TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptosis and biochemical biomarkers of stress in spiders from industrially polluted areas exposed to high temperature and dimethoate JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology Y1 - 2005 A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna SP - 194 EP - 206 KW - [Temperature / High temperature / ] [Poland / Olkusz & Pilica / KW - Abiotic factors KW - Agelena labyrinthica KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Apoptosis / Midgut gland KW - Apoptosis & biochemical biomarkers of stress KW - Biochemistry KW - biomarkers KW - Chemical factors KW - Chemical pollution KW - Digestive system KW - enzyme activity / ] [Digestive gland / / Apoptosis & chemical stress KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - gland apoptosis & biochemical stress marker responses to temperature & KW - individuals from metal polluted sites] [Enzymes / Antioxidant KW - individuals from polluted sites] [Metal pollution / / Midgut KW - Land zones KW - Life cycle and development KW - metallothionein / Stress biomarkers KW - Midgut gland apoptosis & biochemical stress marker responses] KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pardosa lugubris (Araneae). KW - Pardosa lugubris [Proteins / Heat shock proteins & KW - pesticide KW - pesticide exposure]. KW - pesticide relationship] [Fertilizers and pesticides / Dimethoate / KW - Physical factors KW - Pollution KW - Proteins KW - responses to high temperature & KW - responses to temperature & KW - stress biomarker response to temperature & KW - temperature & pesticide pollution exposure] [Development / AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; catalase) and quantitative changes in stress protein positive cells (Hsp70; metallothionein) in midgut glands of funnel web spiders Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and wolf spiders Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) exposed to high temperature and pesticide under laboratory conditions. The spiders were collected from two meadow ecosystems differently polluted with metals (Olkusz and Pilica, southern Poland). Under stress conditions, P. lugubris had fewer apoptotic cells in the midgut glands than A. labyrinthica. In P. lugubris from both sites, the observed increase in the percentage of metallothionein and Hsp70-positive cells, simultaneous with intensification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, suggests an anti-apoptotic function of those proteins in representatives of wandering spiders. In the midgut glands of A. labyrinthica, heat shock and dimethoate increased the number of Annexin V-positive cells as well as the amounts of mitochondria with low transmembrane potential ([DELTA][PSI]m) versus the control. The changes in the percentage of MT and Hsp70-positive cells in funnel web spiders were less than in wolf spiders. The absence of change in SOD and CAT activity in A. labyrinthica shows that the participation of those enzymes in antioxidant reactions is minimal in this species. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VL - 141 SN - 1532-0456 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201000233 N1 - ZOOR14201000233 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relations between metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient JF - Environmental Pollution Y1 - 2004 A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna A1 - Babczynska, Agnieszka A1 - Augustyniak, Maria A1 - Migula, Pawel SP - 453 EP - 461 KW - / Relations with glutathione dependent detoxifying enzymes] [Enzymes / KW - Abiotic factors KW - Agelena labyrinthica KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Biochemistry KW - burden] [Grassland / Meadow / Heavy metal burden & glutathione dependent KW - Chemical factors KW - Chemical pollution KW - detoxifying enzymes] [Metal pollution / / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland / KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Glutathione dependent detoxifying enzymes / Relations with heavy metal KW - Habitat KW - Land zones KW - Olkusz / meadow habitat]. KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pardosa lugubris (Araneae). KW - Pardosa lugubris [Pollutants / Heavy metal burdens KW - Pollution KW - Proteins KW - Terrestrial habitat AB - We studied the relations between glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes and heavy metal burdens in the web-building spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and the wolf spider Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) from five meadow sites along a heavy metal pollution gradient. We assayed the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPOX, GSTPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in both sexes. Except for GSH vs Pb content, we found significant correlations between GPOX and GSTPx activity and metal concentrations in females of A. labyrinthica. The highest activity of these enzymes measured in the web-building spiders was found in the individuals from the most polluted sites. In P. lugubris males significant correlations were found between GST and Pb and Zn concentrations, and between GPOX and GSTPx and the concentration of Cu. GST activity was higher in males collected from less polluted areas. Thus, detoxifying strategies against pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. Actively hunting spiders had higher metal concentrations, maintaining lower activity of detoxifying enzymes and a lower glutathione level. [copyright] 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. VL - 132 SN - 0269-7491 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101004601 N1 - ZOOR14101004601 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Body burdens of metals in spiders from the Lidice coal dump near Ostrava (Czech Republic) JF - Biologia (Bratislava) Y1 - 2005 A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna A1 - Babczynska, Agnieszka A1 - Majkus, Zdenek SP - 599 EP - 605 KW - / Content] [Metals / Heavy metals / ] [Czech Republic / Ostrava, Lidice KW - / taxonomy & web type relations]. KW - Abiotic factors KW - Animal KW - Araneae (Arachnida). KW - Araneae [Pollutants / Heavy metal content / foraging strategies KW - Biochemistry KW - Chemical factors KW - Chemical pollution KW - constructions KW - Ecology KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Habitat KW - habitat / Coal dump habitat / ] [Metal pollution / Heavy metal pollution KW - Land zones KW - Nutrition KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pollution KW - relations] [Foraging / Hunting strategies / ] [Webs / / Type] [Man made KW - Systematics KW - taxonomic position & web type relations] [Diet / / Heavy metal content AB - Spiders' feeding behaviour and external digestion expose them to man-made pollutants, especially those easily transferred along the food chain. The problem for this study was whether the levels of heavy metals in selected species of spiders from the Lidice coal dump reflect adaptation to environmental pollutants. We used flameless and flame AAS to measure the whole-body concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni and Mg in male and female spiders differing in their hunting strategies, type of web construction, prey, and taxonomic position (Araneidae, Agelenidae, Linyphiidae, Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae, Pisauridae, Clubionidae, Philodromidae). The levels of metals found in the spiders were species-dependent, indicating differences related to the hunting strategy and type of prey. Accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn was always higher in ground spiders than in web-constructing species. Sheet-web spiders Linyphia triangularis and wandering spiders Clubiona lutescens had the lowest Cd, Mg and Cu content of all the studied species. Web-building spiders of the Tetragnathidae family showed the highest Cd, Cu and Pb content, even in species with feeding behaviour similar to spiders of other families. There were no interspecific differences in accumulation only for Fe and Mg. The concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb were lower in females than in males, irrespective of their taxonomic position and the intensity of their hunting activity. This may suggest that females have better metal-excretion ability than males. VL - 60 SN - 0006-3088 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14205026618 N1 - ZOOR14205026618 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular stress reactions assessed by gender and species in spiders from areas variously polluted with heavy metals JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Y1 - 2008 A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna A1 - Babczynska, Agnieszka A1 - Wilczek, Piotr A1 - Dolezych, Bogdan A1 - Migula, Pawel A1 - Mlynska, Hanna SP - 127 EP - 137 KW - [Cytology / Apoptosis & necrosis / ] [Pollutants / Midgut gland heavy KW - [Digestive system / / ] [Sex differences / / ] [Grassland / Meadows / KW - ] [Metal pollution / Heavy metal pollution / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland / KW - Abiotic KW - Agelena labyrinthica KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Biochemistry KW - Chemical factors KW - Chemical pollution KW - Cytology KW - Digestive system KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - factors KW - Habitat KW - Land zones KW - Linyphia triangularis KW - Linyphia triangularis (Araneae). KW - metal content / ] [Proteins / Antioxidant parameters / ] [Enzymes / / ] KW - Olkusz & Pilica / ]. KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pollution KW - Proteins KW - Reproduction KW - Terrestrial habitat KW - Xerolycosa nemoralis KW - Xerolycosa nemoralis (Araneae). AB - In the funnel web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae; A. l.), sheet web spider Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae; L. t.) and wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae; X. n.) from two differently polluted meadow sites in southern Poland, we studied the relations between antioxidant parameters (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidases, GPOX, GSTPx; catalase, CAT; stress proteins-Hsp70, metallothioneins Mts), the intensity of apoptosis and necrosis, and heavy metal burdens of the midgut gland. Cellular reactions against stress caused by pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the midgut glands of male A. l. and X. n. were more than double that of the females, from both study sites. In male spiders from the heavily polluted site, both negative correlations (activity of caspase-3-like proteins vs Cu, Zn concentration; number of depolarized mitochondria vs Cu concentration) and positive correlations (number of necrotic cells vs Cu concentrations; activity of CAT vs Zn) were noted. The defense of males against high metal content and its prooxidative effects is based mainly on GSH and CAT. In females the antioxidative reactions are species-specific and depend mainly on high peroxidase activity and on stress protein level. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the midgut gland of female spiders from the heavily polluted site suggests the defensive role of this process in maintaining the proper functioning of this organ. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VL - 70 SN - 0147-6513 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14410058564 N1 - ZOOR14410058564 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative immunodetection of metallothioneins in relation to metals concentration in spiders from variously polluted areas JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Y1 - 2011 A1 - Babczynska, Agnieszka A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna A1 - Szulinska, Elzbieta A1 - Franiel, Izabella SP - 1498 EP - 1503 KW - Agelena labyrinthica KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Araneus diadematus KW - Araneus diadematus (Araneae). KW - Biochemical techniques KW - Biochemistry KW - Chemical KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Land zones KW - Linyphia triangularis (Araneae). KW - Linyphia triangularis [Assay KW - Metallothioneins content / ] [Metal pollution / / ] [Poland / South / KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pollution KW - Techniques KW - techniques / ELISA / ] [Pollutants / Metals content / ] [Proteins / AB - Spiders inhabiting post industrial environments, such as waste heaps or ore-bearing areas, are exposed to high concentrations of metals, accumulated in the body of their prey and transferred along food chains. Therefore spiders are pressed to develop metal-neutralization strategies. Low-molecular, multifunction proteins: metallothioneins (MTs), often postulated as biomarkers of metal exposure, are known to bind metals and thus protect organisms against their toxic effects. Yet the proteins are still not well recognized in spiders. The aim of this study was to assess, by immunodetection method, ELISA, the concentration of metallothioneins in adult females of three web building spider species: Araneus diadematus (Araneidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae) from three variously polluted areas in southern Poland: Olkusz, ore-bearing post industrial site; Katowice[long dash]WeLnowiec: post metallurgic waste heap, Pilica: the reference, rural, area. The concentration of metallothioneins has been analyzed in relation to the metal concentration in spiders body. The study gives the evidence that metallothioneins are reliably detectable by means of ELISA technique. The analysis of results obtained shows a strong species-dependence of the MTs level. Positive correlations between MTs concentration and metal body burden (mainly Zn and Pb) were found. This suggests that the proteins play an important role in the neutralization and regulation of metal ions in spiders. The same correlation indicate the possibility to consider MTs in spiders as biomarkers of metal exposure and effects. However, the species specificity as well as metal characteristics should be taken under account. VL - 74 SN - 0147-6513 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14802016758 N1 - ZOOR14802016758 ER -