TY - JOUR T1 - Phylogenetic relationships of Chinese wolf spiders (Lycosidae) inferred from 16S rRNA sequences JF - Acta Arachnologica Sinica Y1 - 2007 A1 - Yan, Yu-Chen A1 - Yan, Heng-Mei SP - 65 EP - 71 KW - / Phylogenetic analysis] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Phylogeny / / KW - Asia KW - Biochemistry KW - Eurasia KW - Evolution KW - Genetics KW - Land zones KW - Lycosidae (Araneae). KW - Lycosidae [Nucleic acids / Mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene partial sequences KW - Palaearctic region KW - partial sequences] [Biochemical variation / / ] [China / / KW - partial sequences]. KW - Phylogenetic relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene KW - Systematics KW - Taxonomic relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene KW - Variation AB - The mtDNA- 16S rRNA gene partial sequences (340-360 bp ) were amplified and sequenced from 26 species representing 4 subfamilies and 6 genera of Lycosidae in China. Aligning with 16S rRNA sequences of 2 species(Pardosa Lycosidae) in North America from GenBank, and selecting 1 species Agelena limbata (Agelenidae) as outgroup from China, we constructed a matrix of 29 DNA sequences. Nucleotides composition, transition and transversion, genetic distance of this segment had been analyzed. The phylogenetic trees of the Lycosidae were constructed by using the method of Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony (MP). The results indicate that average A + T content of 16S rRNA gene in Lycosidae is 75 %, which shows a strong A + T bias. The sequences have 157 variable sites and 79 parsimony-informative sites. Genetic distances among genera of Lycosidae are 0.026-0.200. Molecular phylogeny trees suggest that Pirata is a primordial gene of Hippasa which is differentiated earlier from other species. Trochsa is a monophyletic group, it that with Arctosa form a paraphtletic group. The molecular phylogeny of 6 genera of Lycosidae is(Pirata ( Hippasa ( Trochsa+Arctosa( Pardosa + Wadicosa ) ) ) ). VL - 16 SN - 1005-9628 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14402011486 N1 - ZOOR14402011486 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 1 - text T2 - The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 1 - text. Y1 - 1993 A1 - Roberts, M. J. SP - 1 EP - 229, 1 KW - [Genitalia / / Epigyne] [Reproductive behaviour / / Courtship & KW - [Glossaries / / Morphological terms] [Faunal works / / ] KW - [Identification guides / / ] [Collecting techniques / / Notes] KW - [Preservation of specimens / / ] [General morphology / / External KW - additional species, p. 177 (Volume 2) KW - Agelenidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Appendages KW - Araneae (Arachnida): [Nomenclature, Notes, p. 31 (Volume 1) KW - Araneae [Bibliographies / / Specialist identification works for United KW - Araneidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Araneus diadematus (Araneae). KW - Araneus diadematus [Pedipalps / / Male KW - Behaviour KW - Biochemistry KW - Biology KW - Classification, Notes, p. 31 (Volume 1) KW - Clubionidae (Araneae): [Key to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Collection maintenance KW - Dictionaries KW - Dictynidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - distribution KW - Documentation KW - Dysderidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - ecology & study techniques] [United Kingdom / / ]. KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Evolution KW - features & terminology] [Silk / / ] [Toxins and venoms / / ] KW - General morphology KW - Gnaphosidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - guide & checklist KW - Hahniidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Ireland & United Kingdom, P. 115 (Volume 2)]. KW - Ireland & United Kingdom, P. 124 (Volume 2)]. KW - Ireland & United Kingdom, P. 35 (Volume 1)]. KW - Ireland & United Kingdom, P. 80 (Volume 1)]. KW - Key KW - Key to families, Republic of KW - Key to genera, Republic of KW - Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United Kingdom, Extended to include KW - Key to species, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Kingdom & Europe] [Checklists / / Republic of Ireland & United Kingdom] KW - Kingdom, Extended to include additional species, p. 177 (Volume 2) KW - Kingdom, P. 115 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 156 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 16 (Volume 2) KW - Kingdom, P. 16 (Volume 2)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 168 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 172 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 198 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 205 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 50 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 60 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 64 (Volume 1)]. KW - Kingdom, P. 97 (Volume 1) KW - Kingdom, P. 97 (Volume 1)]. KW - Land zones KW - Lepthyphantes - Menge 1866 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic KW - Linyphiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - mating] [Communication / / ] [Republic of Ireland / / Identification KW - Meioneta - Hull 1920 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic of KW - Mouthparts KW - note on variability KW - note]. KW - of Ireland & United Kingdom, P. 157 (Volume 2)]. KW - of Ireland & United Kingdom] [Morphological variation / / Male palps KW - Palaearctic region KW - Porrhomma - Simon 1884 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic of KW - Publications KW - Reproduction KW - Reproductive system KW - Republic KW - Salticidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Silk glands KW - Systematics KW - Taxonomy KW - Techniques KW - Tetragnathidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Theridiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland & United KW - Thomisidae (Araneae): [Key to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland & United KW - to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland & United Kingdom, P. 80 (Volume 1) KW - Trochosa - Koch 1846 (Araneae): [Key to species, Republic of Ireland & KW - United Kingdom, P. 146 (Volume 1)]. KW - Variation KW - With notes on taxonomy JF - The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 1 - text. PB - Harley Books, Colchester UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12900001200 N1 - ZOOR12900001200Book ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Notes on the variation, identification and distribution of British species of the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae, Agelenidae) JF - Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society Y1 - 1980 A1 - Merrett, P. SP - 1 EP - 8 KW - characters, Palp & epigyne, figured]. KW - Diagnosis KW - epigyne, figured]. KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Evolution KW - identification]. KW - Land zones KW - Nomenclature KW - Palaearctic region KW - patterns / / ] [United Kingdom / / Distribution patterns & KW - Systematics KW - Tegenaria atrica KW - Tegenaria atrica - Koch (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, Palp & KW - Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria atrica group [Morphological variation / / Palp & epigyne KW - Tegenaria gigantea KW - Tegenaria gigantea - Chamberlin & Ivie (Araneae): [Diagnostic KW - Tegenaria saeva - Blackwall (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, Palp & KW - Tegenaria saeva [Distribution KW - United Kingdom]. KW - Variation KW - Zoogeography VL - 5 SN - 0524-4994 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700018519 N1 - ZOOR11700018519 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitochondrial differentiation, introgression and phylogeny of species in the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae: Agelenidae) JF - Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Y1 - 2004 A1 - Croucher, P. J. P. A1 - Oxford, G. S. A1 - Searle, J. B. SP - 79 EP - 89 KW - [Molecular genetics / / ] [Hybridization / / Introgression evidence] KW - [Phylogeny / Molecular phylogeny / ] [Biochemical variation / / ]. KW - Biochemistry KW - Evolution KW - Genetics KW - mtDNA sequences / Introgression evidence & phylogenetic implications] KW - Systematics KW - Tegenaria atrica KW - Tegenaria atrica (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria gigantea KW - Tegenaria gigantea (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria saeva (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria saeva [Nucleic acids / KW - Variation AB - The relationships between the three members of the Tegenaria atrica group (T. atrica, T. saeva and T. gigantea) were examined with DNA sequence data from mitochondrial CO1, 16S rRNA, tRNAleu(CUN) and ND1 genes. Members of this group of large house spiders have overlapping distributions in western Europe and hybridize with each other to a variable degree. The close relatedness of all three species was supported by all analyses. T. saeva and T. gigantea are more closely affiliated than either is to T. atrica. Haplotypes clearly assignable to T. gigantea were also present in many specimens of T. saeva, suggesting asymmetrical introgression of mtDNA from T. gigantea into T. saeva. Molecular clock calibrations (CO1) suggest that deeper divisions within the genus Tegenaria may be in excess of 10 million years old, and that the evolutionary history of the T. atrica group has been moulded by Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles. VL - 81 SN - 0024-4066 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14004021926 N1 - ZOOR14004021926 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of geographic and intersexual chemical variation in venoms of the spider Tegenaria agrestis (Agelenidae) JF - Toxicon Y1 - 2001 A1 - Binford, G. J. SP - 955 EP - 968 KW - [Washington / Snohomish County, Marysville / ]. KW - & intersexual variation KW - biochemical sex differences / / geographical variation] [Biochemical KW - Biochemistry KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Evolution KW - geographical KW - Kingdom KW - Land KW - Landeron / ] [England / Derbyshire, Buxton, Tungstead Quarry / ] KW - Nearctic region KW - North America KW - Palaearctic region KW - Reproduction KW - Sex differences KW - Switzerland & Washington] [Physiological and KW - Tegenaria agrestis (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria agrestis [Toxins and venoms / / Venom chemistry KW - United KW - USA KW - Variation KW - variation / / geographical & intersexual differences] [Switzerland / Le KW - zones AB - The spider Tegenaria agrestis is native to Europe, where it is considered medically innocuous. This species recently colonized the US where it has been accused of bites that result in necrotic lesions and systemic effects in humans. One possible explanation of this pattern is the US spiders have unique venom characteristics. This study compares whole venoms from US and European populations to look for unique US characteristics, and to increase our understanding of venom variability within species. This study compared venoms from T. agrestis males and females from Marysville, Washington (US), Tungstead Quarry, England (UK) and Le Landeron, Switzerland, by means of liquid chromatography; and the US and UK populations by insect bioassays. Chromatographic profiles were different between sexes, but similar within sexes between US and UK populations. Venoms from the Swiss population differed subtly in composition from UK and US venoms. No peaks were unique to the US population. Intersexual differences were primarily in relative abundance of components. Insect assays revealed no differences between US and UK venom potency, but female venoms were more potent than male. These results are difficult to reconcile with claims of necrotic effects that are unique to venoms of US Tegenaria. VL - 39 SN - 0041-0101 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13700031557 N1 - ZOOR13700031557 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algunas reflexiones sobre las especies del grupo atrica, en la Peninsula Iberica (Araneae, Agelenidae, Tegenaria) JF - Revue Arachnologique Y1 - 1988 A1 - Barrientos, J. A. A1 - Ribera, C. SP - 141 EP - 162 KW - / / ] [Life cycle / / ] [Geographical variation / / Morphological KW - / Distribution KW - Appendages KW - biology & morphological characters] [Spain / / ]. KW - characters] [Morphological variation / / ] [Ecology / / ] [Portugal / KW - Ecology KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Evolution KW - General morphology KW - Iberian KW - Land zones KW - Life cycle and development KW - Mouthparts KW - Palaearctic region KW - Peninsula] [Reproduction / / Notes & taxonomic implications] [Genitalia KW - Reproduction KW - Reproductive system KW - Systematics KW - Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria atrica group [Pedipalps / / taxonomic implications KW - Variation VL - 7 SN - 0398-4346 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400050581 N1 - ZOOR12400050581 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular evidence for Pleistocene glacial cycles driving diversification of a North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta JF - Molecular Ecology Y1 - 2004 A1 - Ayoub, Nadia A. A1 - Riechert, Susan E. SP - 3453 EP - 3465 KW - Abiotic factors KW - Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae): [Fossil]. KW - Agelenopsis aperta [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA gene sequence / KW - Biochemistry KW - Caenozoic KW - Diversification patterns KW - diversification patterns] [North America / / ] [Pleistocene / / ]. KW - Evolution KW - Genetics KW - Geological time periods KW - influence of climatic vs geological KW - influences] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Population genetics / / KW - Land zones KW - molecular evidence] [Biochemical variation / / Cytochrome oxidase I KW - mtDNA sequences] [Climate and weather / / Influence on diversification KW - Nearctic region KW - patterns] [Geophysical events / / Geological influences on KW - Physical factors KW - Proteins KW - Quaternary KW - Variation AB - The influence of historical climatic vs. geological changes on species diversification patterns was investigated in a widely distributed North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae), with particular reference to Pleistocene glacial cycles and earlier patterns of mountain building. Levels of sequence divergence obtained from the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I, dated to the Pleistocene, eliminating Rocky Mountain orogeny as a cause of diversification, as orogeny ended 4 million years ago. The results of phylogenetic and network analyses showed the presence of three geographically defined clades, which were consistent with the presence of at least three glacial refugia: (i) east of the Rocky Mountains; (ii) between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevadas; and (iii) west of the Sierra Nevadas. In addition, populations within the Rocky Mountains exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity than populations east of the Rocky Mountains and the haplotypes found within the Rockies were a subset of eastern haplotypes. These patterns suggest that a post-Pleistocene range expansion occurred out of an eastern glacial refugium into the Rocky Mountains. Examination of phylogeographical studies of other North American desert taxa indicated that mountain building explained diversification patterns more effectively for some taxa but Pleistocene climate change was more important for others, including A. aperta. VL - 13 SN - 0962-1083 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101006872 N1 - ZOOR14101006872 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Speciation history of the North American funnel web spiders, Agelenopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae): phylogenetic inferences at the population-species interface JF - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ayoub, Nadia A. A1 - Riechert, Susan E. A1 - Small, Randall L. SP - 42 EP - 57 KW - [Biochemical variation / / ] [North America / / Molecular phylogeny & KW - Agelenopsis (Araneae). KW - Agelenopsis [Nucleic acids / mtDNA & 16S rRNA sequences / Phylogenetic KW - Biochemistry KW - cytochrome KW - Evolution KW - Genetics KW - Land zones KW - Nearctic region KW - oxidase & rRNA sequences] [Speciation / Speciation history / ] KW - Proteins KW - relationships KW - sequences / ] [Molecular genetics / mtDNA, cytochrome oxidase & rRNA KW - sequences / ] [Phylogeny / Molecular phylogeny / mtDNA KW - speciation implications] [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I KW - speciation]. KW - Systematics KW - Variation AB - Intra- and interspecific relationships of 12 out of 13 described species as well as a potential new species in the spider genus Agelenopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae) were analyzed using sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA. Approximately half of the species examined formed well-supported monophyletic groups, whereas the rest of the species were part of well-supported monophyletic species groups. Rather than viewing cases where species were not identified as being monophyletic as poor taxonomy, these cases more likely represent recent speciation and offer insights into the process of speciation. The clade with the lowest levels of interspecific sequence divergence was found in eastern North America, whereas western species displayed much higher levels of interspecific divergence. These patterns appear to extend below the species level as well, with southwestern species exhibiting the highest levels of intraspecific sequence divergence and geographic structuring. The relationship between Agelenopsis and Barronopsis, a genus once considered a sub-genus of Agelenopsis, was also examined. The two genera are reciprocally monophyletic but more generic level sampling is needed to confirm an apparent sister relationship between the two. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VL - 36 SN - 1055-7903 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14110057613 N1 - ZOOR14110057613 ER -