@article {506,
	title = {Apoptosis and biochemical biomarkers of stress in spiders from industrially polluted areas exposed to high temperature and dimethoate},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology \& Pharmacology},
	volume = {141},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14201000233},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {194-206},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; catalase) and quantitative changes in stress protein positive cells (Hsp70; metallothionein) in midgut glands of funnel web spiders Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and wolf spiders Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) exposed to high temperature and pesticide under laboratory conditions. The spiders were collected from two meadow ecosystems differently polluted with metals (Olkusz and Pilica, southern Poland). Under stress conditions, P. lugubris had fewer apoptotic cells in the midgut glands than A. labyrinthica. In P. lugubris from both sites, the observed increase in the percentage of metallothionein and Hsp70-positive cells, simultaneous with intensification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, suggests an anti-apoptotic function of those proteins in representatives of wandering spiders. In the midgut glands of A. labyrinthica, heat shock and dimethoate increased the number of Annexin V-positive cells as well as the amounts of mitochondria with low transmembrane potential ([DELTA][PSI]m) versus the control. The changes in the percentage of MT and Hsp70-positive cells in funnel web spiders were less than in wolf spiders. The absence of change in SOD and CAT activity in A. labyrinthica shows that the participation of those enzymes in antioxidant reactions is minimal in this species. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Temperature / High temperature / ] [Poland / Olkusz \& Pilica /, Abiotic factors, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Apoptosis / Midgut gland, Apoptosis \& biochemical biomarkers of stress, Biochemistry, biomarkers, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, Digestive system, enzyme activity / ] [Digestive gland / / Apoptosis \& chemical stress, Eurasia, Europe, gland apoptosis \& biochemical stress marker responses to temperature \&, individuals from metal polluted sites] [Enzymes / Antioxidant, individuals from polluted sites] [Metal pollution / / Midgut, Land zones, Life cycle and development, metallothionein / Stress biomarkers, Midgut gland apoptosis \& biochemical stress marker responses], Palaearctic region, Pardosa lugubris (Araneae)., Pardosa lugubris [Proteins / Heat shock proteins \&, pesticide, pesticide exposure]., pesticide relationship] [Fertilizers and pesticides / Dimethoate /, Physical factors, Pollution, Proteins, responses to high temperature \&, responses to temperature \&, stress biomarker response to temperature \&, temperature \& pesticide pollution exposure] [Development /},
	isbn = {1532-0456},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201000233},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna}
}
@article {507,
	title = {Relations between metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {132},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101004601},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {453-461},
	abstract = {We studied the relations between glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes and heavy metal burdens in the web-building spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and the wolf spider Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) from five meadow sites along a heavy metal pollution gradient. We assayed the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPOX, GSTPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in both sexes. Except for GSH vs Pb content, we found significant correlations between GPOX and GSTPx activity and metal concentrations in females of A. labyrinthica. The highest activity of these enzymes measured in the web-building spiders was found in the individuals from the most polluted sites. In P. lugubris males significant correlations were found between GST and Pb and Zn concentrations, and between GPOX and GSTPx and the concentration of Cu. GST activity was higher in males collected from less polluted areas. Thus, detoxifying strategies against pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. Actively hunting spiders had higher metal concentrations, maintaining lower activity of detoxifying enzymes and a lower glutathione level. [copyright] 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {/ Relations with glutathione dependent detoxifying enzymes] [Enzymes /, Abiotic factors, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Biochemistry, burden] [Grassland / Meadow / Heavy metal burden \& glutathione dependent, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, detoxifying enzymes] [Metal pollution / / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland /, Eurasia, Europe, Glutathione dependent detoxifying enzymes / Relations with heavy metal, Habitat, Land zones, Olkusz / meadow habitat]., Palaearctic region, Pardosa lugubris (Araneae)., Pardosa lugubris [Pollutants / Heavy metal burdens, Pollution, Proteins, Terrestrial habitat},
	isbn = {0269-7491},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101004601},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna and Babczynska, Agnieszka and Augustyniak, Maria and Migula, Pawel}
}
@article {509,
	title = {Cellular stress reactions assessed by gender and species in spiders from areas variously polluted with heavy metals},
	journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ZOOR14410058564},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {127-137},
	abstract = {In the funnel web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae; A. l.), sheet web spider Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae; L. t.) and wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae; X. n.) from two differently polluted meadow sites in southern Poland, we studied the relations between antioxidant parameters (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidases, GPOX, GSTPx; catalase, CAT; stress proteins-Hsp70, metallothioneins Mts), the intensity of apoptosis and necrosis, and heavy metal burdens of the midgut gland. Cellular reactions against stress caused by pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the midgut glands of male A. l. and X. n. were more than double that of the females, from both study sites. In male spiders from the heavily polluted site, both negative correlations (activity of caspase-3-like proteins vs Cu, Zn concentration; number of depolarized mitochondria vs Cu concentration) and positive correlations (number of necrotic cells vs Cu concentrations; activity of CAT vs Zn) were noted. The defense of males against high metal content and its prooxidative effects is based mainly on GSH and CAT. In females the antioxidative reactions are species-specific and depend mainly on high peroxidase activity and on stress protein level. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the midgut gland of female spiders from the heavily polluted site suggests the defensive role of this process in maintaining the proper functioning of this organ. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Cytology / Apoptosis \& necrosis / ] [Pollutants / Midgut gland heavy, [Digestive system / / ] [Sex differences / / ] [Grassland / Meadows /, ] [Metal pollution / Heavy metal pollution / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland /, Abiotic, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Biochemistry, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, Cytology, Digestive system, Eurasia, Europe, factors, Habitat, Land zones, Linyphia triangularis, Linyphia triangularis (Araneae)., metal content / ] [Proteins / Antioxidant parameters / ] [Enzymes / / ], Olkusz \& Pilica / ]., Palaearctic region, Pollution, Proteins, Reproduction, Terrestrial habitat, Xerolycosa nemoralis, Xerolycosa nemoralis (Araneae).},
	isbn = {0147-6513},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14410058564},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna and Babczynska, Agnieszka and Wilczek, Piotr and Dolezych, Bogdan and Migula, Pawel and Mlynska, Hanna}
}
