@article {464,
	title = {Die Gattung Cryphoeca in den Alpen (Arachnida, Aranei, Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},
	volume = {200},
	year = {1978},
	note = {ZOOR11500014626},
	month = {1978},
	pages = {334-346},
	abstract = {The genus Cryphoeca is represented in the Alps by more species than previously assumed. Affinities and distribution patterns are of interest for zoogeography. They seem to be influenced by the Pleistocene glaciations. C. lichenum L. Koch and C. nivalis Schenkel, still listed by Bonnet (1956) as junior synonyms of the type species C. silvicola (C. L. Koch), should be ranked as full species; furthermore there are at least 2 high-alpine forms occurring only in very restricted areas, C. l. nigerrima subsp. nov. and Cryphoeca sp. The 5 taxa can be divided into 2 spp.-groups, each containing a forest-species and 1-2 high-alpine forms. They are characterized and discussed, and a key is included. Patterns are interpreted as follows: the forest-species C. silvicola and C. l. lichenum represent parental forms, overwintering in arboreal refuges outside the Alps and extending and reducing their areas with changing ecological conditions. Allied taxa occurring in and restricted to high biota have evolved from populations isolated in glacial times: C. nivalis (Switzerland), C. l. nigerrima subsp. nov. (northern Tirol [Austria]), Cryphoeca sp. (Southern Alps).},
	keywords = {342]., Cryphoeca (Araneae): [Key to species, Alps, p. 336]., Cryphoeca [Distribution patterns / / Alps] [Europe / / Zoogeography \&, Cryphoeca lichenum - C.L. Koch 1876 (Araneae): [Removal from synonymy,, Cryphoeca lichenum lichenum - C.L. Koch 1876 (Araneae): [Diagnosis, P., Cryphoeca lichenum nigerrima (Araneae): [Subsp nov, Austria, P. 343,, Cryphoeca lichenum nigerrima [Austria / / Northern Tyrol, Cryphoeca nivalis - Schenkel 1919 (Araneae): [Removal from synonymy,, Cryphoeca silvicola - C.L. Koch (Araneae): [Removal from synonymy, C., Eurasia, Europe, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Key, Land zones, lichenum C.L. Koch 1876, p. 335, New, New taxa, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, Removal from synonymy, C. nivalis, Schenkel 1919, p. 335]., subspecies]., Synonymy, systematic accounts]., Systematics, Taxonomy, With C. silvicola C.L. Koch, p. 335]., Zoogeography},
	isbn = {0044-5231},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11500014626},
	author = {Thaler, K.}
}
@article {465,
	title = {Cryphoeca brignolii n. sp., eine weitere Reliktart der Sudalpen mit Arten-Schlussel und Versuch eines Kladogramms (Arachnida: Aranei: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},
	volume = {204},
	year = {1980},
	note = {ZOOR11700022590},
	month = {1980},
	pages = {400-408},
	abstract = {A survey of the genus comparing only species in which both sexes are known shows that speciation within the 3 spp. groups were favored by isolation during the glacials. The 2 spp. of the nearctic peckhami-group are distributed around arboreal refuges on both sides of the American continent. In Europe both groups, with lichenum and silvicola respectively, present 1-2 endemic taxa each in high alpine regions of the Alps and of the Carpathian mountains. They are closely allied to and presumably evolved from 2 parental forest species surviving in distant arboreal refuges. C. brignolii, a distinct member of the silvicola-group, is distributed discontinuously along the southern border of glacial influence, in the Italian Alps and in Turkey. C. carpathica Herman should be ranked as a full species. A key and a cladogram showing the relations suggested are included.},
	keywords = {Cryphoeca (Araneae): [Key to species groups, P. 401]., Cryphoeca [Phylogeny / / Cladistic relationships] [Speciation / /, Cryphoeca brignolii (Araneae): [Sp nov, Italy, P. 402, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Cryphoeca brignolii [Italy / / Venetian Alps, Cryphoeca carpathica - Herman 1879 (Araneae): [Raised from, C. silvicola, Cryphoeca carpathica, p. 403]., Cryphoeca lichenum group (Araneae): [Key to species, P. 401]., Cryphoeca peckhami group (Araneae): [Key to species, P. 401]., Cryphoeca silvicola group (Araneae): [Key to species, P. 401]., Cryphoeca silvicola var. carpathica - Herman 1879 (Araneae): [Raised to,, Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, Glacial influence, Holarctic]., Key, Land zones, New species]., New taxa, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, Status, Systematics, Taxonomy, var. carpathica, p. 403].},
	isbn = {0044-5231},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700022590},
	author = {Thaler, K.}
}
@article {467,
	title = {Arealformen in der nivalen Spinnenfauna der Ostalpen (Arachnida, Aranei)},
	journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},
	volume = {220},
	year = {1988},
	note = {ZOOR12500061989},
	month = {1988},
	pages = {233-244},
	abstract = {A survey of nival spiders in the East Alps yielded 49 species (19 Erigoninae, 15 Linyphiinae, 5 Gnaphosidae, 3 Lycosidae, 1-2 Philodromidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae and Agelenidae resp.) from 58 mountains, collecting sites from 2900-3500 m elevation. Concerning distribution in altitude, there are only 6 species occurring mainly in the nival zone, though there is a good number of eurynival species present also in the alpine zone, some of them even in lowlands. 5 erratic species are represented by wind-blown specimens only. Aerography:classic distribution types recognized already by BRAUN (1913) and by HANDSCHIN (1919) in nival organisms can be corroborated by spiders too:arctic-alpine distribution (9 spp.), endemisms within the Alps (19 spp.) or in the European mountain system (7 spp.). There are no close relatives known from the mountains of Asia, but in North American for two species (Chalcoscirtus alpicola (L. KOCH), Xysticus bonneti Denis). 6 species occurring over a wide range of altitude possibly might refer to the protocratic type of distribution described by BRINCK (1966). For most of the species distribution areas are rather continuous except for Lepthyphantes baebleri Lessert and for X. bonneti. Nevertheless, for 10 species there are area limits within the region studied. Along the Central Alps there are two breaks in species number, both at the western and at the eastern end of the Otztal/Stubai Alps, suggesting a severe impact of glacial events in the Central Alps of Austria and recolonization phenomena from the West. In peripheral isolation in Carinthia (Ankogel) as in the Dolomites there is evidence for local speciation also in nival spiders (Lepthyphantes sp. cf. armatus Kulczynski, L. brunneri Thaler, L. merretti Millidge).},
	keywords = {Alpine] [Distribution patterns / / Eastern Alps] [Europe / / ]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Distribution within habitat / / ] [Mountain habitat / /, Ecology, Eurasia, Habitat, Land zones, Palaearctic region, Terrestrial habitat, Zoogeography},
	isbn = {0044-5231},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12500061989},
	author = {Thaler, K.}
}
