@article {459, title = {Morphometric diffusing capacity and functional anatomy of the book lungs in the spider Tegenaria spp. (Agelenidae)}, journal = {Journal of Morphology}, volume = {182}, year = {1984}, note = {ZOOR12100018642}, month = {1984}, pages = {339-354}, abstract = {The presence of both book lungs and a tracheal system in many spiders raises the question of the functional significance of this double respiratory system. The present physiological and morphometric study of the house spider [Tegenaria atrica, T. picta and T. domestica] reveals that the diffusing capacity (DtO2) of the lungs alone suffices during rest and following exercise to meet measured rates of O2 consumption (.ovrhdot.VO2) at driving pressures .**GRAPHIC**. similar to those calculated for vertebrate lungs. During molting .**GRAPHIC**. may rise to more than double the vertebrate values, implying the possible insufficiency of book lungs during this critical life phase. Resting .ovrhdot.VO2 is greatest (92 mm3/h.cntdot.g) during the early morning and lowest (66 mm3/h.cntdot.g) near midday: during molting .ovrhdot.VO2 rises to 278.7 mm3/.cntdot.g. In spiders recovering from exercise .ovrhdot.VO2 is consistently greater than during rest: neither value is significantly reduced by blockage of the tracheal stigmas. Regression calculations of morphometric values for a hypothetical 100-mg Tegenaria yield a total lung volume of 0.578 mm3, a pulmonary surface area of 69.8 mm2, and a surface-to-volume ratio of 120.89 mm2/mm3. In spite of the similar thickness of the chitinous and hypodermal components of the air-hemolymph barrier (eadch .apprx. 0.2 .mu.m in nonmolting animals), the low permeability of chitin for O2 makes this layer the greater barrier to diffusion. For a 100-mg specimen DtO2 is 3.5 mm3/h.cntdot.torr, similar to that of a turtle (Pseudemys) on a gram-body weight basis.}, keywords = {Biometrics, Diffusing capacity of lung books] [Book lungs / / Diffusing capacity \&, functional anatomy] [Respiratory gas exchange / / ]., Metabolic rate, morphometrics / / diffusing capacity] [Oxygen consumption / /, Respiration, Respiratory function, Respiratory system, Tegenaria atrica, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria domestica, Tegenaria domestica (Araneae)., Tegenaria picta (Araneae)., Tegenaria picta [Meristic, Whole animal physiology}, isbn = {0362-2525}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12100018642}, author = {Strazny, F. and Perry, S. F.} } @article {302, title = {Observations on the morphology and histochemistry of the foregut muscles of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida)}, journal = {Journal of Morphology}, volume = {170}, year = {1981}, note = {ZOOR11800014951}, month = {1981}, pages = {113-131}, abstract = {The morphology of the foregut muscles of 5 spider families (Theraphosidae, Agelenidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae) was described, and the individual fiber numbers and fiber cross diameters of the muscles were determined. The nomenclature of these muscles was reviewed and modified if necessary. Oxidative enzyme and myosin-ATPase histochemistry revealed 8 dilatatory muscles of the foregut to consist of slow (type I) fibers, fast fibers (type IIB) and intermediate fibers, were only found in the 2 other muscles of the foregut, and in the remaining prosomal muscles (type IIA fibers around the poison gland). The 8 sucking muscles proper of the foregut also showed stronger activities of transmitter metabolizing enzymes [monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD)], and comparatively distinct amounts of glycogen and lipids.}, keywords = {/ / histochemistry \& morphology] [Muscle arrangement and gross muscle, anatomy / / ] [Digestive system / / ]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Biochemistry / / Histochemistry, Biochemistry, Digestive system, foregut muscles] [Musculature, Musculature}, isbn = {0362-2525}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11800014951}, author = {Meyer, W.} } @article {303, title = {The distribution of monoamine oxidase and biogenic monoamines in the central nervous system of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida)}, journal = {Journal of Morphology}, volume = {164}, year = {1980}, note = {ZOOR11700016270}, month = {1980}, pages = {69-81}, abstract = {The distribution and activity patterns of monoamine oxidase and monoaminergic (formaldehyde-induced) fluorescence in the CNS of web-building and hunting spiders [web builders: Agelenidae (funnel-web spiders), Tegenaria derhami (Scopoli); Araneidae (orb-web spiders), Araneus sclopetarius (Clerck), A. marmoreus (Clerck) and Zygiella x-notata (Clerck); hunters: Lycosidae (wolf-spiders), Pardosa lugubris (Walkenaer), P. amentata (Clerck) and Trochosa spinipalpis (Cambridge); Salticidae (jumping spiders), Epiblemum scenicum (Clerck), (= Salticus scenicus Linne), Sitticus floricola (C.L. Koch) and Marpissa muscosa (Clerck) (= M. rumpfi (Scopoli)] were studied using histochemical methods. Enzyme activity occurred in the neuronal perikarya and in varying intensity in the structures of the neuropile mass, but only when dopamine, adrenaline [epinephrine] and noradrenaline [norepinephrine] were used as substrates. The optic centers of the spider brain normally exhibited relatively strong enzyme reactions when compared with the staining intensity of the rest of the nervous system. The neuronal cell bodies contained numerous granules of yellow-green fluorescence. Monoaminergic fluorescence of the neuropile was generally a weak green. The optic masses of the hunting spiders, the anterior bridge, several commissures of the ventral cord and the neural lamellae showed a slightly higher fluorescence intensity and single fluorescing granules. The presence of catecholamines in the spider nervous system is indicated.}, keywords = {Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Enzymes / / Monoamine oxidase distribution in CNS] [Protein, Biochemistry, Chemical composition, content / / Monoamine distribution in CNS] [Brain / / ]., Nervous system, Proteins}, isbn = {0362-2525}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700016270}, author = {Meyer, W. and Jehnen, R.} }