@book {512, title = {Spinnenfauna gestern und heute. Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre heute lebenden Verwandten}, series = {Spinnenfauna gestern und heute. Fossile Spinnen in Bernstein und ihre heute lebenden Verwandten.}, year = {1986}, note = {ZOOR12400000254Book }, month = {1986}, pages = {1-283}, publisher = {Eric Bauer; Quelle \& Meyer, Wiesbaden}, organization = {Eric Bauer; Quelle \& Meyer, Wiesbaden}, keywords = {[Geological time periods / / ]., [Palaeoecology / / ] [Palaeozoogeography / / ] [Dominican Republic /, / Baltic amber \& recent, 124, 124]., 134]., 1881, p. 23]., 1942, p. 25, 23]., 28]., 29]., 31]., 57, fig{\textquoteright}d, 72, fig{\textquoteright}d]., 80, fig{\textquoteright}d]., 81, fig{\textquoteright}d]., 95]., Acrometa - Petrunkevitch 1942 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Eogonatium, Acrometa cristata - Petrunkevitch 1942 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Theridiometa, Acrometidae - Wunderlich 1979 (Araneae): [Raised from, Acrometini, p., Acrometini - Wunderlich 1979 (Araneae): [Raised to, Acrometidae, p., Adjutoridae - Petrunkevitch 1942 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Zodariidae Thorell, Adjutorinae - Petrunkevitch 1942 (Araneae): [Raised from, Adjutorini, p., Adjutorini - Petrunkevitch 1942 (Araneae): [Raised to, Adjutorinae, p., Agelenidae - Koch 1837 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Inceptoridae Petrunkevitch, Amaurobiinae - Thorell 1870 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Coelotinae, amber, P. 129, fig{\textquoteright}d, amber, P. 133, fig{\textquoteright}d, amber, P. 135, fig{\textquoteright}d, amber, P. 55, fig{\textquoteright}d, amber, P. 66, fig{\textquoteright}d, amber, P. 74, fig{\textquoteright}d]., amber, P. 77, fig{\textquoteright}d]., amber, P. 79, fig{\textquoteright}d]., amber, P. 82, fig{\textquoteright}d]., amber, P. 86, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Anandrus - Menge 1856 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Elucus Petrunkevitch 1942, p., Anapidae (Araneae): [Key to subfamilies, P. 114]., Androgeus militaris - Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Referred to,, Araneae (Arachnida): [Fossil]., Araneae [General morphology / / Morphology, Araneoidea (Araneae): [Systematic relationships, Sister groups, p. 97, Araneoidea [Phylogeny / / Cladograms]., Arthodictynidae (Araneae): [Junior synonym, Of Dictynidae, p. 24]., Baltic amber, P. 128, fig{\textquoteright}d, Baltic amber, P. 56, fig{\textquoteright}d, Baltic amber, P. 57, fig{\textquoteright}d, Baltic amber, P. 83, fig{\textquoteright}d, Baltic amber], Balticonesticus (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Nesticidae, Type species B., Balticonesticus flexuosus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Berendt 1854, p. 27]., Castianeirinae (Araneae): [Junior synonym, Of Myrmeciinae, p. 29]., Central America, Cepheia - Simon 1894 (Araneae): [Referred to new subfamily, Synaphrinae,, Chamberlin \& Ivie 1943, p. 119]., changed from northern Europe]., Clya - Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Nanomysmena, Combination, Cornuanandrus (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Acrometidae, Type species C., Cornuanandrus maior (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Deinopidae (Araneae): [Referred to, Araneoidea, p. 150]., Deinopis - MacLeay 1839 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Linoptes Menge 1854, p., Diagnosis, Diagnosis, P. 124, Diagnosis, P. 125]., Dictynidae (Araneae): [Senior synonym, Of Arthodictynidae, p. 24]., Dipoena dominicana (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, P. 73,, Dipoena praedominicana (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Distributional status, Ecology, ecology \& zoogeography], edwardsi Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 132, Emended diagnosis, P. 96, Eomysmena militaris - (Koch \& Berendt 1854) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Eomysmena, p. 27]., Eopopino inopinatus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Eopopino inopinatus affinis (Araneae): [Subsp nov, Dominican Republic,, Eopopino inopinatus inopinatus (Araneae): [Diagnosis, P. 56, Eopopino rarus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic amber, P., Eopopino rarus rarus (Araneae): [Diagnosis, P. 57, Eopopino rarus solitarius (Araneae): [Subsp nov, Dominican Republic,, Eotetrilus - Wunderlich 1982 (Araneae): [Nomen nudum, P. 67]., Ephalmator - Petrunkevitch 1950 (Araneae): [Emended diagnosis, P. 26, Ephalmatov - Petrunkevitch 1950 (Araneae): [Emended diagnosis, P. 26]., Episinus antecognatus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Episinus cognatus group (Araneae): [Key to species, Dominican Republic,, Erigone stigmosa - Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Referred to, Teutana,, Eurasia, Eusparassinae - Strand 1929 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Adjunctorinae, Eustaloides - Petrunkevitch 1942 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Zygiella, Evolution, fig{\textquoteright}d]., flagellifera, p. 83, Baltic amber, flexuosus, p. 129, Baltic amber, Fossil]., Gaucelmini (Araneae): [Tribe nov, Of Nesticidae, Type genus Gaucelmus, Gaucelmus - Keyserling 1884 (Araneae): [Designated type genus for new, General morphology, Geological time periods, Gnaphosidae, p. 29, gracilipes, p. 133, Baltic amber, Heteronesticus (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Nesticidae, Type species H., Heteronesticus magnoparacymbialis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican, Heteropodidae - Strand 1929 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Miropholcinae, Hickmann 1945, p. 95]., Hispanonesticus (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Nesticidae, Type species H., Hispanonesticus latopalpus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic,, Hyptiotes - Walckenaer 1837 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Androgeus Koch \&, Iardinis - Simon 1899 (Araneae): [Referred to new subfamily,, Indies, Key, Key to families, P. 126]., Key to genera, P. 131]., Keyserling 1884, p. 123]., Land zones, latopalpus, p. 128, Baltic amber, Lehtinen \& Saaristo 1980, p. 123]., Lepthyphantes longispinosa - Pickard-Cambridge 1896 (Araneae): [Referred, Lissomanes pristinus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Louisfagea - Brignoli 1971 (Araneae): [Referred to new subfamily,, magnoparacymbialis, p. 130, Baltic amber, maior, p. 135, Baltic amber, Malkaridae - Davies 1980 (Araneae): [Raised from, Malkarinae, p. 124, Malkarinae - Davies 1980 (Araneae): [Raised to, Malkaridae, p. 124]., Mastigusa - Menge 1854 (Araneae): [Revision, P. 67]., Mastigusa acuminata - Menge 1854 (Araneae): [Description, Male, p. 71]., Mastigusa macrophthalma (Araneae)., Mastigusa macrophthalma [Europe / / South east, Mastigusa media (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic amber, P., Mastigusa modesta (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic amber,, Micropholcommatidae - Hickmann 1944 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Textricellidae, Mizalia - Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Paruroctea, Mizaliini - Thorell 1870 (Araneae): [Status, P. 21]., Myrmeciidae - Koch 1851 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Corinnidae Karsch 1880, p., Myrmeciinae (Araneae): [Senior synonym, Of Castianeirinae, p. 29]., Neotropical region, Nephila breviembolus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Nephila furca (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic amber, P., Nephila longembolus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Nephila tenuis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic amber, P., Nesticella - Lehtinen \& Saaristo 1980 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Howaia, Nesticellini - Lehtinen \& Saaristo 1980 (Araneae): [Junior synonym, Of, Nesticellini Lehtinen \& Saaristo 1980, p. 123]., Nesticini - Lehtinen \& Saaristo 1980 (Araneae): [Senior synonym, Of, Nesticini Lehtinen \& Saaristo 1980, p. 123]., New taxa, Nomenclature, nov, Adamator Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 24, nov, Transferred from, Lepthyphantes, p. 84, p. 113]., p. 27]., P. 72, fig{\textquoteright}d]., P. 76]., p. 95]., Palaearctic region, Palaeolathys (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Dictynidae, Type species P., Palaeolathys copalis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Palaeolathys spinosa (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Palaeolinyphia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Linyphiidae, Type species P., Palaeolinyphia flagellifera (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic,, Palaeolinyphia longispinosa - (Pickard-Cambridge 1896) (Araneae): [Comb, Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 131, Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 131]., Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 20]., Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 21]., Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 29, Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 29]., Petrunkevitch 1958, p. 132]., Petrunkevitch 1958, p. 27, Pickard-Cambridge 1893, p. 24]., Pickard-Cambridge 1902, p. 27, Pimoa - Chamberlin \& Ivie 1943 (Araneae): [Designated type genus for new, Pimoinae (Araneae): [Subfam nov, Of Linyphiidae, Type genus Pimoa, Pimoinae, p. 119]., Pseudoacrometa (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Acrometidae, Type species P., Pseudoacrometa gracilipes (Araneae): [Sp nov, Dominican Republic, Baltic, Republic, Baltic amber, P. 130, fig{\textquoteright}d, Simon 1894, p. 113]., Sosybius - Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Emended diagnosis, P. 30, Spartaeinae - Wanless 1984 (Araneae): [Downgraded to, Spartaeini, p., Spartaeini - Wanless 1984 (Araneae): [Downgraded from, Spartaeinae, p., Spatiatoridae (Araneae): [Emended diagnosis, P. 22]., spinosa, p. 65, Baltic amber, Status, Status, P. 29]., Stemonyphantes - Menge 1866 (Araneae): [Designated type genus for new, Stemonyphantes Menge 1866, p. 120]., Stemonyphantinae (Araneae): [Subfam nov, Of Linyphiidae, Type genus, subfamily, Pimoinae, p. 119]., subfamily, Stemonyphantinae, p. 120]., subfamily, Synaphrinae, p. 113]., Symphytognathidae - Hickmann 1931 (Araneae): [Downgraded to,, Symphytognathidae, p. 138]., Symphytognathinae - Hickmann 1931 (Araneae): [Downgraded from,, Symphytognathinae, p. 138]., Syn, Syn nov, Adjunctor, Syn nov, Adulatrix Petrunkevitch 1958, p., Syn nov, Insecutoridae Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 25]., Syn nov, Liticen Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 131, Syn nov, Theridiometa Petrunkevitch 1942, p. 131, Syn nov, Viocurus, Syn nov, Viocurus fossilis, Synaphrinae (Araneae): [Subfam nov, Of Anapidae, Type genus Synaphris, Synaphrinae, p. 113]., Synaphris - Simon 1894 (Araneae): [Designated type genus for new, Synonymy, Systematics, Taxonomic position, Taxonomy, Teutana stigmosa - (Koch \& Berendt 1854) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Textricellidae - Hickmann 1945 (Araneae): [Raised from, Textricellinae,, Textricellinae - Hickmann 1945 (Araneae): [Raised to, Textricellidae, p., to new genus, Palaeolinyphia, p. 84]., Transferred from, Androgeus, p. 27]., Transferred from, Erigone, p. 27]., tribe, Gaucelmini, p. 123]., Type genus, Uloboridae (Araneae): [Referred to, Araneoidea, p. 150]., Unavailable name, Veterator - Petrunkevitch 1963 (Araneae): [Referred to, Myrmeciidae from, west, Zoogeography}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400000254}, author = {Wunderlich, J.} } @book {513, title = {Ant mimicry by spiders and spider-mite interactions preserved in Baltic amber (Arachnida: Acari, Araneae)}, series = {European Arachnology 2000: 19th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Aarhus, Denmark 17-22 July 2000.}, year = {2002}, note = {ZOOR14004025280Book chapter; Meeting paper Aarhus }, month = {2002}, pages = {355-358}, publisher = {Aarhus University Press}, organization = {Aarhus University Press}, keywords = {[Tertiary / Eaarly Tertiary / ]., [Tertiary / Early Tertiary / ]., Agelenidae (Araneae): [Host, Agelenidae [Arachnid parasites / Trombidoidea / Host-parasite, Arachnid parasite-host interaction preserved in Baltic amber]., Arachnid predator-prey interaction preserved in Baltic amber]., Caenozoic, Corinnidae (Araneae): [Fossil]., Corinnidae [Mimicry / / Hymenopteran mimicry perserved in Baltic amber], Diet, Ecology, Evolution, Formicidae (Formicoidea): [Fossil]., Formicidae [Mimicry / / Arachnid mimicry perserved in Baltic amber], Fossil]., Geological time periods, host-parasite interaction preserved in Baltic amber]., Hosts, interaction preserved in Baltic amber] [Tertiary / Early Tertiary /, Nutrition, Parasites, Parasites diseases and disorders, Predators, preserved in Baltic amber] [Tertiary / Early Tertiary / Arachnid, Prey, prey-predator interaction preserved in Baltic amber]., Prostigmata (Acari): [Predator, Prostigmata [Arachnid prey / Theridiidae / Predator-prey interaction, Theridiidae (Araneae): [Prey, Theridiidae [Arachnid predators / Prostigmata / Predator-prey, Trombidoidea (Acari): [Parasite, Trombidoidea [Arachnid hosts / Agelenidae / Host-parasite interaction}, isbn = {87-7934-001-6}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14004025280}, author = {Wunderlich, J.}, editor = {Toft, Soren and Scharff, Nikolaj} } @article {517, title = {Die Spinnen-Fauna der makaronesischen Inseln. Taxonomie, Okologie, Biogeographie und Evolution}, journal = {Beitraege zur Araneologie}, volume = {1}, year = {1991}, note = {ZOOR13000021355}, month = {1991}, pages = {1-619}, keywords = {[Evolution / / Review] [Ecology / / ] [Island habitat / /, [Publications / / Corrections \& supplement to Wunderlich, 1911), p. 453]., 1953, p. 457]., 1973, p. 368]., 1975, p. 466, 1981, p. 429, 268, 318]., 326, fig{\textquoteright}d]., 362]., 363, fig{\textquoteright}d]., 373, fig{\textquoteright}d]., 383]., 407, fig{\textquoteright}d]., 410]., 412]., 426]., 431]., 454, 467, 471]., 498, fig{\textquoteright}d]., 506]., 519]., acoreensis, p. 359]., acoreensis, p. 395]., Agelena - Walckenaer 1805 (Araneae): [Key to species, Canary Islands, P., Agelena gomerensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 433, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Agelena gonzalezi - Schmidt 1980 (Araneae): [Diagnosis, Female, p. 434]., Agelena tenerifensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 435, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Agelenidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 430]., Agraecina canariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 476,, Agyneta rugosa (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 370, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Alopecosa - Simon 1885 (Araneae): [Key to species, Canary islands,, Alopecosa artenarensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary islands, P. 444,, Alopecosa cedroensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 445, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Alopecosa fuerteventurensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 446,, Alopecosa grancanariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 448,, Alopecosa hermiguensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 449,, Alopecosa obscura - Schmidt 1980 (Araneae): [First time described, Male,, Alopecosa orotavensis - (Strand 1950) (Araneae): [First time described,, alpicola, p. 371]., Altella media (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 422, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Altella pygmaea (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 422, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Apostenus gomerensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 478, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Apostenus grancanariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 479,, Apostenus palmensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 480, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Aranea nidicolens - Walckenaer 1802 (Araneae): [Designated type species, Araneae (Arachnida): [Key, Macaronesian Islands, Very large taxa, p., Araneae [Habitat management / / Needs \& problems, Araneidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 355]., Araneus bufo - (Denis 1941) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Transferred from,, Arctosa lacustris - (Simon 1876) (Araneae): [Syn nov, A. mayi (Strand, barretti Kulczynski 1899, p. 413]., blackwalli Johnson 1863, p. 461]., Canariellanum hierroense (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 387,, Canarionesticus (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Nesticidae, Type species C., Canarionesticus quadridentatus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P., Canariphantes (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Linyphiidae, Type species C., Canariphantes alpicola (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 372,, Centromerus fuerteventurensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P., Centromerus sexoculatus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madeira, P. 373, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Cerbalus alegranzaensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 491,, Chalcoscirtus - Bertkau 1883 (Araneae): [Key to species, Macaronesian, characters, To distinguish from P. punctigerus Pickard-Cambridge 1907,, characters, To distinguished from P. glaucinoides Wunderlich 1987, p., Clubionidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 482]., Combination, combination not given, P. 334]., combination not given, P. 482]., combination not given, P. 516]., combination not given, P. 519, Conservation, Conservation measures, Corinnidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, Provisional, cumbrecitanus Schmidt 1981, p. 521]., Dendryphantes diligens - Blackwall 1867 (Araneae): [Referred to, New, Dendryphantes grantii Warbourton 1892, p. 519, Denis 1964, p. 465]., Denis 1964, p. 511]., described, Male, p. 404]., Description, Diagnosis, diagnosis, P. 403]., Dictynidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 421]., Diplocentria acoreensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 387, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dipoenata flavitarsis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 409,, distinguish from D. crocota Koch 1839, p. 297, distinguish from D. lancerotensis Simon 1907, p. 297]., distinguish from Rugathodes Archer 1950, p. 414]., distinguish from Theridion Walckenaer 1805, p. 414]., distribution, Documentation, Drassus flavitarsis - Lucas 1846 (Araneae): [Designated type species for, Dysdera (Araneae): [Key to species, Canary Islands, P. 284, Dysdera alegranzaensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 287,, Dysdera bailadero (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 288, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera brevisetae (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 289, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera brevispina (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 290, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera chioensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 291, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera clavisetae (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 291, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera crocota - Koch 1839 (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, To, Dysdera crocota lancerotensis - Simon 1907 (Araneae): [Raised to, D., Dysdera gibbifera (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 293, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera inaequuscapillata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 295,, Dysdera labradaensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 296, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera lancerotensis - Simon 1907 (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, To, Dysdera longa (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 298, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera medinae (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 299, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera minutissima (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 299, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera montanetensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 300,, Dysdera moquinalensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 301,, Dysdera multipilosa (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 301, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera obscuripes (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 302, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera paucisetae (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 303, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera paucispinosa (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 304, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera pergrada (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 305, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera pseudopergrada (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 306,, Dysdera ratonensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 306, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera spinidorsum (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 307, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera tabaibaensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 308, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera tamadabaensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 308,, Dysdera teideensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 309, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera tilosensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 310, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Dysdera vilaflorensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 310,, Echinotheridion gibberosum - (Kulczynski 1899) (Araneae): [Diagnosis, P., Ecology, ecology]., Emblyna acoreensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 424, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Emblyna teideensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 425, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Euophrys vafra - (Blackwall 1867) (Araneae): [Syn nov, Phlegra moesta, Euryopis tuberosa - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Designated type species, Eurypoena (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Theridiidae, Type species Euryopis, Eurypoena tuberosa alegranzaensis (Araneae): [Subsp nov, Canary Islands,, Eurypoena tuberosa tuberosa - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Diagnosis, P., Evolution, evolution \&, families, Macaronesian Islands, P. 262, faunal list, Female, p. 402]., fig{\textquoteright}d]., Filistata gomerensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 314, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Filistata pseudogomerensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 315,, Filistata teideensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 316, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Filistata tenerifensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 317,, Filistatidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 313, First time described, Female, p. 505]., flavitarsis Lucas 1846, p. 472]., for new genus, Eurypoena, p. 411]., for new genus, Macaridion, p. 413]., for new genus, Macaroeris, p. 512]., from, Dendryphantes, p. 517]., fuerteventurae Schmidt 1976, p. 419]., galerita Koch 1875, p. 467, genus Macaroeris, p. 517]., genus Spermophorides, p. 325]., genus Spermophorides, p. 328]., genus Spermophorides, p. 331]., genus, Simitidion, p. 417]., Gibbaranea tenerifensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 367,, Gnaphosidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 484]., Habitat, Hahnia linderi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 429, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Helsdingen 1982, p. 382]., Heteropodidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Canary Islands, P. 490, Hogna - Simon 1885 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Isohogna Roewer 1960, p. 440, Hogna biscoitoi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madeira, P. 457, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Hogna brunnea - (Boesenberg 1895) (Araneae): [Syn nov, H. brevis Denis, Hogna maderiana - (Walckenaer 1837) (Araneae): [Syn nov, Lycosa, Hogna schmitzi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madeira, P. 462, fig{\textquoteright}d]., huberi Schmidt 1981, p. 519, islands / / Systematics, Islands, P. 399]., Islands, P. 511]., J. 1987], Key, Key to, Key to species, Azores, P. 269, Key to species, Canary Islands, P., Key to species, Macaronesian Islands, Cave dwellers, p. 116]., Key to species, Macaronesian Islands, P. 313]., Key to species, Macaronesian Islands, Provisional key, p., Key to species, Macaronesian Islands, Provisional key, p. 503]., Key to species, Madeira Archipelago, Provisional key, p. 455]., Key to species, P. 514]., Key, Macaronesian Islands, Very small taxa, p. 266, key, p. 471, Kulczynski 1899, p. 426]., L. oceanica, p. 412]., lancerotensis, p. 296]., Land zones, Lasaeola oceanica - Simon 1883 (Araneae): [Raised from, L., Lasaeola testaceomarginata oceanica - Simon 1883 (Araneae): [Raised to,, Lathys - Simon 1884 (Araneae): [Key to species, Macaronesian Islands, P., Lathys affinis - (Blackwall 1862) (Araneae): [Syn nov, L. decolor, Lathys dentichelis - (Simon 1883) (Araneae): [Syn nov, L. canariensis, Lathys teideensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 428, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Lepthyphantes acoreensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 375, fog{\textquoteright}d]., Lepthyphantes mauli (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madeira, P. 377, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Lepthyphantes miguelensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 378, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Lepthyphantes oromii - Ribeira \& Blasco 1986 (Araneae): [Referred to,, Lepthyphantes palmensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 380,, Lepthyphantes palmeroensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 380,, Lepthyphantes tenerifensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 381,, Leucognatha (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Tetragnathidae, Type species L., Leucognatha acoreensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 360, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Liocranidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, Provisional, Liophrurillus (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Corinnidae, Type species Drassus, Liophrurillus flavitarsis - (Lucas 1846) (Araneae): [Syn nov,, Lycosidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 441]., Macaridion (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Theridiidae, Type species Theridium, Macaroeris (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Salticidae, Type species Aranea, Macaroeris catus - (Blackwall 1867) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Previous, Macaroeris desertensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madeira, P. 516, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Macaroeris diligens - (Blackwall 1867) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Transferred, Macaroeris litoralis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 518, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Macaroeris moebi - (Boesenberg 1895) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Previous, Macaroeris nidicolens - (Walckenaer 1802) (Araneae): [Syn nov,, Macaronesian Islands], Male, p. 337]., Male, p. 452]., Mesiotelus grancanariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 480,, Meta - Koch 1836 (Araneae): [Key to species, Macaronesian Islands, P., Metopobactrus? cavernicolus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 389,, Microclubiona decora - (Blackwall 1859) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Previous, Microclubiona tenerifensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 483,, Minicia floresensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 390, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Minicia picoensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 392, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Neoscona subfusca - (Koch 1837) (Araneae): [Syn nov, N. s. parva Schmidt, New genus Spermophorides, p. 327]., new genus, Liophrurillus, p. 472]., New taxa, nidicolens Walckenaer 1802, p. 512, Nigma puella - (Simon 1870) (Araneae): [Syn nov, Dictyna eburnea Schmidt, Nomenclature, Nomisia? teideensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 486, fig{\textquoteright}d]., nov, Previous combination not given, P. 394]., nov, T. hagemanni Schmidt 1956, p. 420, nov, Transferred from, Spermophora, p. 327]., Oceanic islands, Oecobius aculeatus - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [First time described,, Oecobius agaetensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 337, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius ashmoli (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 338, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius camposi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 339, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius depressus - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Syn nov, O. prominens, Oecobius erjosensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 341, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius fortaleza (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 341, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius fuerterotensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 342,, Oecobius furcula (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 343, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius hayensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 344, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius hidalgoensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 344,, Oecobius iguestensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 345, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius latiscapus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 346, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius longiscapus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 347, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius marcosensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 347, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius pinoensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 350, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius pseudodepressus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 350,, Oecobius rioensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 351, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Oecobius tasarticoensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 352,, Oecobius unicoloripes (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 352,, Ozyptila atlantica - Denis 1963 (Araneae): [Syn nov, O. lanzarotae, Ozyptila tenerifensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 494,, p. 336]., P. 411, fig{\textquoteright}d]., p. 451]., p. 506, p. 519, Parapelecopsis (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Linyphiidae, Type species, Parapelecopsis nemoraloides - (Pickard-Cambridge 1884) (Araneae): [Comb, Pardosa acoreensis - Simon 1883 (Araneae): [Syn nov, P. albiventris, Pardosa fuscosoma (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 466, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Pardosa proxima - (Koch 1848) (Araneae): [Syn nov, P. esperanzae Schmidt, Philodromidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 503, Philodromus glaucinoides - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Diagnostic, Philodromus hierroensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 506,, Philodromus punctigerus - Pickard-Cambridge 1907 (Araneae): [Diagnostic, Phlegra lucasi - (Roewer 1951) (Araneae): [Syn nov, Aelurillus, Pholcus - Walckenaer 1805 (Araneae): [Key to species, Canary Islands, P., Pholcus baldiosensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 318, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Pholcus fuerteventurensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 319,, Pholcus knoeseli (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 320, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Pholcus malpaisensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 321, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Pholcus roquensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 322, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Phrurolithus grandis Denis 1964, p. 473]., Pisaura acoreensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 437, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Pisaura quadrilineata - (Lucas 1838) (Araneae): [Syn nov, P. mirabilis, Pisauridae (Araneae): [Key to species, Macaronesian Islands, P. 436]., Plesiophantes - Heimer 1981 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Turinyphia Van, position, Previous combination not given, P. 333]., Provisional key, p. 443]., Provisional key, p. 469]., Proxysticus - Dalmas 1926 (Araneae): [Key to species, Canary Islands,, Proxysticus canariensis - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Proxysticus fuerteventurensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P., Proxysticus grohi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madeira, P. 498, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Proxysticus lanzarotensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 499,, Proxysticus madeirensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madeira, P. 500, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Proxysticus pinocorticalis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 500,, Proxysticus, p. 497]., Psammitis canariensis - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Referred to,, quadridentatus, p. 407]., Raised from, D. crocota, Roewer 1928, p. 324]., Rugathodes - Archer 1950 (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, To, Rugathodes acoreensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 415, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Rugathodes pico - (Merrett \& Ashmole 1989) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Rugathodes, p. 417]., Savigniorrhipis (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Linyphiidae, Type species S., Savigniorrhipis acoreensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 395, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Savigniorrhipis grandis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 396, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Schmidt 1973, p. 420]., Schmidt 1977, p. 519, Schmidt 1980, p. 494]., Schmidt 1981, p. 427]., Scotargus - Simon 1913 (Araneae): [Key to species, Canary Islands, P., Scotargus enghoffi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 384, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Scotargus grancanariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 384,, Scotargus tenerifensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 385,, Segestriidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 282]., simile Koch 1836, p. 417]., Simitidion (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Theridiidae, Type species Theridium, Simitidion lacuna (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 418, fig{\textquoteright}d]., species for new genus, Parapelecopsis, p. 393]., species for new genus, Spermophorides, p. 324]., species, Canary Islands, P. 287]., species, Canary Islands, P. 490]., Spelling, Spermophora caesaris - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Referred to, New, Spermophora cuneata - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Referred to, New genus, Spermophora esperanza - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Referred to, New, Spermophora fuerteventurensis - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Referred to,, Spermophora hermiguensis - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Referred to, New, Spermophora heterogibbifer - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Designated type, Spermophora heterogibbifer Wunderlich 1987, p. 324]., Spermophora mamma - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Referred to, New genus, Spermophora pseudomamma - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Referred to, New, Spermophora sciakyi - Pesarini 1984 (Araneae): [Referred to, New genus, Spermophora senoculata - (Duges 1836) (Araneae): [Syn nov, S. topolita, Spermophorides (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of Pholcidae, Type species, Spermophorides caesaris - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Spermophorides cuneata - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Spermophorides flava (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 326, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Spermophorides fuertecavensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P., Spermophorides fuerteventurensis - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb, Spermophorides hermiguensis - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Spermophorides hierroensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 328,, Spermophorides icodensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 329,, Spermophorides justoi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 329,, Spermophorides lanzarotensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 330,, Spermophorides mamma - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Spermophorides pseudomamma - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Spermophorides ramblae (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 331,, Spermophorides reventoni (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 331,, Spermophorides sciakyi - (Pesarini 1984) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Spermophorides selvagensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Selvagen Islands, P. 332,, Spermophorides tenerifensis - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Spermophorides tenoensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 334,, Spermophorides tilos - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Previous, Spermophorides, p. 325]., Spermophorides, p. 330]., Spermophorides, p. 332]., Spermophorides? esperanza - (Wunderlich 1987) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Status, Steatoda latifasciata - (Simon 1873) (Araneae): [Syn nov, S., Strand 1911, p. 503]., Syn, Syn nov, Dendryphantes, Syn nov, Dendryphantes canariensis, Syn nov, Dendryphantes musae Schmidt 1956,, Syn nov, Dendryphantes nidicoloides Kolosvary 1934, p. 519]., Syn nov, Dendryphantes palmensis Schmidt 1981, p., Syn nov, Lycorma Simon 1885, p. 440, Syn nov, Lycosa subvenatrix Strand 1907, p., Syn nov, N. canariensis Wunderlich 1987, p. 429]., Syn nov, P. pseudoproxima Wunderlich 1987, p. 466]., Syn nov, Pardosa kraepelini Roewer 1960, p. 467]., Syn nov, T. pseudogibberosum, Synonymy, Systematics, Taxonomic, Taxonomy, Terrestrial habitat, testaceomarginata oceanica, p. 412]., Tetragnatha fuerteventurensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P., Tetragnatha nitens - (Audouin 1827) (Araneae): [Syn nov, T. n. kullmanni, Tetragnathidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 355]., Theridion - Walckenaer 1805 (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, To, Theridion pico - Merrett \& Ashmole 1989 (Araneae): [Referred to,, Theridium barretti - Kulczynski 1899 (Araneae): [Designated type species, Theridium simile - Koch 1836 (Araneae): [Designated type species for new, Thomisidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 493]., Tidarren chevalieri - (Berland 1936) (Araneae): [Diagnosis, P. 410, Titanidiops canariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 280,, to species, Macaronesian Islands, P. 353]., Trachelas macrochelis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 474,, Transferred from, Lepthyphantes, p. 386]., Transferred from, Psammitis, p. 497]., Transferred from, Spermophora, p. 325]., Transferred from, Spermophora, p. 328]., Transferred from, Spermophora, p. 330]., Transferred from, Spermophora, p. 331]., Transferred from, Spermophora, p. 332]., Transferred from, Theridion, p. 417]., Troglohyphantes oromii - (Ribeira \& Blasco 1986) (Araneae): [Comb nov,, Troglohyphantes, p. 386]., tuberosa Wunderlich 1987, p. 411]., Type species, Typhochrestus acoreensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Azores, P. 397, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Uloboridae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Macaronesian Islands, P. 353, Uroctea paivai - (Blackwall 1868) (Araneae): [Emendation, Of U. paivani,, Uroctea paivani - (Blackwall 1868) (Araneae): [Emendation, To U. paivai,, var. maderiana Kulczynski 1899, p. 438]., Wadicosa fidelis - (Pickard-Cambridge 1872) (Araneae): [Syn nov, Lycosa, Wagneriana bufo - Denis 1941 (Araneae): [Referred to, Araneus, p. 366]., Wagneriana, p. 366]., Walckenaeria - Blackwall 1833 (Araneae): [Key to species, Canary, Walckenaeria camposi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 401, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Walckenaeria cavernicola (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 401,, Walckenaeria denisi - Thaler 1984 (Araneae): [First time described,, Walckenaeria fuscocephala - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [Emended, Walckenaeria incompleta (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 403,, Walckenaeria nemoralis - Blackwall 1841 (Araneae): [Designated type, Walckenaeria nemoralis Blackwall 1841, p. 393]., Walckenaeria palmierro - Wunderlich 1987 (Araneae): [First time, Walckenaeria pinoensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 405,, Walckenaeria teideensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 406,, Wiehle 1962, p. 365]., Wunderlich 1987, p. 340]., Xysticus verneaui - Simon 1883 (Araneae): [Syn nov, X. sebastianus, Zimirina grancanariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 488,, Zimirina moyaensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 489, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Zimirina spinicymbium (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 489,, Zodarion nesiotoides (Araneae): [Sp nov, Canary Islands, P. 469, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Zoogeography, zoogeography \& evolution review] [Zoogeography / / ] [Atlantic Ocean}, isbn = {0930-1526}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR13000021355}, author = {Wunderlich, Jorg} } @article {520, title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Chinese wolf spiders (Lycosidae) inferred from 16S rRNA sequences}, journal = {Acta Arachnologica Sinica}, volume = {16}, year = {2007}, note = {ZOOR14402011486}, month = {2007}, pages = {65-71}, abstract = {The mtDNA- 16S rRNA gene partial sequences (340-360 bp ) were amplified and sequenced from 26 species representing 4 subfamilies and 6 genera of Lycosidae in China. Aligning with 16S rRNA sequences of 2 species(Pardosa Lycosidae) in North America from GenBank, and selecting 1 species Agelena limbata (Agelenidae) as outgroup from China, we constructed a matrix of 29 DNA sequences. Nucleotides composition, transition and transversion, genetic distance of this segment had been analyzed. The phylogenetic trees of the Lycosidae were constructed by using the method of Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony (MP). The results indicate that average A + T content of 16S rRNA gene in Lycosidae is 75 \%, which shows a strong A + T bias. The sequences have 157 variable sites and 79 parsimony-informative sites. Genetic distances among genera of Lycosidae are 0.026-0.200. Molecular phylogeny trees suggest that Pirata is a primordial gene of Hippasa which is differentiated earlier from other species. Trochsa is a monophyletic group, it that with Arctosa form a paraphtletic group. The molecular phylogeny of 6 genera of Lycosidae is(Pirata ( Hippasa ( Trochsa+Arctosa( Pardosa + Wadicosa ) ) ) ).}, keywords = {/ Phylogenetic analysis] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Phylogeny / /, Asia, Biochemistry, Eurasia, Evolution, Genetics, Land zones, Lycosidae (Araneae)., Lycosidae [Nucleic acids / Mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene partial sequences, Palaearctic region, partial sequences] [Biochemical variation / / ] [China / /, partial sequences]., Phylogenetic relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, Systematics, Taxonomic relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, Variation}, isbn = {1005-9628}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14402011486}, author = {Yan, Yu-Chen and Yan, Heng-Mei} } @article {521, title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Wadicosa in Chinese wolf spiders (Lycosidae, Wadicosinae)}, journal = {Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica}, volume = {32}, year = {2007}, note = {ZOOR14402010427}, month = {2007}, pages = {996-999}, abstract = {The mtDNA-16S rRNA gene partial sequences were amplified and sequenced from 26 species representing 4 subfamilies and 6 genera of Lycosidae in China. Aligning with 16S rRNA sequences of 2 species (Pardosa Lycosidae) in North America from GenBank, and selecting 1 species Angela limbata (Agelenidae) as outgroup from China, we constructed a matrix of 29 DNA sequences. The phylogenetic trees of the Lycosidae were constructed by using the method of Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony (NIP). The results indicate that Wadicosa has the closest phylogenetic relationship with Pardosa. Pardosa and Wadicosa form a monophyletic group and this result supported that the two genera should be merged into one subfamily. the molecular phylogeny of 6 genera of Lycosidae is (Pirata (Hippasa (Trochsa + Arctosa (Pardosa + Wadicosa)))).}, keywords = {Asia, Biochemistry, Eurasia, evidence] [China / / ]., Evolution, Genetics, Land zones, Lycosidae (Araneae)., Lycosidae [Nucleic acids / mtDNA \& rRNA partial sequences / Phylogenetic, Palaearctic, region, significance] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Phylogeny / / Molecular, Systematics}, isbn = {1000-0739}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14402010427}, author = {Yan, Yu-Chen and Yan, Heng-Mei} } @article {465, title = {Cryphoeca brignolii n. sp., eine weitere Reliktart der Sudalpen mit Arten-Schlussel und Versuch eines Kladogramms (Arachnida: Aranei: Agelenidae)}, journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger}, volume = {204}, year = {1980}, note = {ZOOR11700022590}, month = {1980}, pages = {400-408}, abstract = {A survey of the genus comparing only species in which both sexes are known shows that speciation within the 3 spp. groups were favored by isolation during the glacials. The 2 spp. of the nearctic peckhami-group are distributed around arboreal refuges on both sides of the American continent. In Europe both groups, with lichenum and silvicola respectively, present 1-2 endemic taxa each in high alpine regions of the Alps and of the Carpathian mountains. They are closely allied to and presumably evolved from 2 parental forest species surviving in distant arboreal refuges. C. brignolii, a distinct member of the silvicola-group, is distributed discontinuously along the southern border of glacial influence, in the Italian Alps and in Turkey. C. carpathica Herman should be ranked as a full species. A key and a cladogram showing the relations suggested are included.}, keywords = {Cryphoeca (Araneae): [Key to species groups, P. 401]., Cryphoeca [Phylogeny / / Cladistic relationships] [Speciation / /, Cryphoeca brignolii (Araneae): [Sp nov, Italy, P. 402, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Cryphoeca brignolii [Italy / / Venetian Alps, Cryphoeca carpathica - Herman 1879 (Araneae): [Raised from, C. silvicola, Cryphoeca carpathica, p. 403]., Cryphoeca lichenum group (Araneae): [Key to species, P. 401]., Cryphoeca peckhami group (Araneae): [Key to species, P. 401]., Cryphoeca silvicola group (Araneae): [Key to species, P. 401]., Cryphoeca silvicola var. carpathica - Herman 1879 (Araneae): [Raised to,, Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, Glacial influence, Holarctic]., Key, Land zones, New species]., New taxa, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, Status, Systematics, Taxonomy, var. carpathica, p. 403].}, isbn = {0044-5231}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700022590}, author = {Thaler, K.} } @article {456, title = {Systematics and natural history of Barronopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae), with description of a new species}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2270}, year = {2009}, note = {ZOOR14602010643}, month = {2009}, pages = {1-38}, abstract = {The monophyletic agelenid genus Barronopsis Chamberlin \& Ivie is revised to include 6 species. The Cuban species B. campephila Alayon and B. cesari Alayon are synonomized under B. barrowsi (Gertsch) and B. jeffersi (Muma), respectively, and B. stephaniae new species is described. Natural history observations, distribution maps, diagnoses and descriptions, and a species identification key including B. texana (Gertsch), B. arturoi Alayon, and B. floridensis (Muma) are provided. Detailed descriptions of the male palpus and female genitalia, a review and evaluation of historical terminology used to describe agelenid palpal bulbs, and a discussion of the utility of certain male palpal characters in resolving phylogeny within Agelenidae are provided. Based on the morphology of the male and female genitalia and morphometric data, two species groups are recognized: a large-bodied B. texana species group (B. texana, floridensis, arturoi, jeffersi) and a small-bodied B. barrowsi species group (B. barrowsi, B. stephaniae). A cladistic analysis of Barronopsis, using Tortolena glaucopis (F. O. P.-Cambridge), Melpomene singula (Gertsch \& Ivie), and species of Agelenopsis Giebel as outgroups identified three most parsimonious trees of 37 steps. The strict consensus tree yielded the following species relationships: (Agelenopsis (((B. texana, B. jeffersi), B. floridensis, B. arturoi), (B. barrowsi, B. stephaniae))))).}, keywords = {[Genitalia / / ] [Life cycle / Phenology / ] [Phylogeny / Cladistics /, ] [Habitat preference / / ]., Barronopsis - Chamberlin \& Ivie 1941 (Araneae): [Revision, P. 10, Barronopsis [General morphology / Morphological characters / ], Barronopsis barrowsi - (Gertsch 1934) (Araneae): [Syn nov, Barronopsis, Barronopsis jeffersi - (Muma 1945) (Araneae): [Syn nov, Barronopsis, Barronopsis stephaniae (Araneae): [Sp nov, South Carolina, P. 35]., Barronopsis stephaniae [South Carolina / / New species]., campephila Alayon 1993, p. 34]., cesari Alayon 1993, p. 22]., Development, Ecology, Evolution, General, Habitat utilization, Key, Key to, Land zones, Life cycle and, Morphology, Nearctic region, New taxa, Nomenclature, North America, Reproduction, Reproductive system, species, P. 16]., Synonymy, Systematics, Taxonomy, USA}, isbn = {1175-5326}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14602010643http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa}, author = {Stocks, Ian Christopher} } @article {458, title = {Evolution of water surface locomotion by spiders: A comparative approach}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {81}, year = {2004}, note = {ZOOR14004021925}, month = {2004}, pages = {63-78}, abstract = {Spiders vary enormously in their behaviour when placed on the surface of fresh water. In some families (e.g. Theridiidae), the spider typically becomes wet and either sinks or is incapacitated by adhesion to the water. In other families (e.g. Agelenidae), the spider remains dry and moves across the water using its legs in much the same way it does on land, with the members of each leg pair moving in alternation with each other. In at least one family (Pisauridae), the spider remains dry and moves across the water using a rowing or galloping gait in which the members of each propulsive pair of legs move in synchrony with each other. While some degree of hydrophobicity is widespread among spiders, the ability to move on water by rowing occurs rarely; it is common only among families in the Lycosoidea, which is a subset of the GST (Grate-Shaped Tapetum) clade. Our mapping of water surface locomotion behaviour of representatives of 42 families of spiders onto cladograms of the Araneae suggests that the ability to row evolved at the base of the clade that includes Trechaleidae, Pisauridae and Lycosidae and evolved independently in some members of the family Ctenidae. Rowing behaviour is seen in all subfamilies of Lycosidae but, unlike in the Pisauridae in which all animals tested showed the rowing behaviour, many individuals that could row did not do so all of the time. Among the 166 non-lycosoid species we have tested, we have found one species of Araneidae and two species of Salticidae that can row. It is evident from our data that, in most spiders, phylogeny trumps recent selection (based on habitat preference) in determining the spiders{\textquoteright} locomotor behaviour on the water surface.}, keywords = {[Locomotion / / Evolution]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Evolutionary adaptation / Water surface locomotion / ] [Natural, Evolution, Locomotion, selection / / Water surface locomotion significance] [Phylogeny / / ], Systematics}, isbn = {0024-4066}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14004021925}, author = {Stratton, Gail E. and Suter, Robert B. and Miller, Patricia R.} } @article {444, title = {Tests for sex differences in fitness-linked traits in the spider Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae)}, journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior}, volume = {7}, year = {1994}, note = {ZOOR13100049255}, month = {1994}, pages = {517-532}, abstract = {The idea that traits linked to individual fitness may differ between males and females was tested in the desert funnel-web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. The study entailed comparison of juvenile male and female behavior with respect to three traits previously shown to be linked to female body mass and ultimately to individual female fitness: habitat discrimination, territorial behavior, and agonistic behavior. As juveniles, male and female spiders behave similarly: they utilize the same habitat cues in locating web sites, maintain similar territory sizes, and exhibit the same behavior patterns in territorial disputes. Like females, males that obtain the highest-quality web sites achieve a greater body mass and are more likely to survive to maturity.}, keywords = {Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae)., Agelenopsis aperta [Weight / / Fitness indicator, Animal constructions, Behaviour, Biometrics, Carrizozo, comparative test of, comparative test of sexual differences] [Natural, comparative tests for sex differences]., differences] [Agonistic behaviour / / Link to fitness indicator \& tests, Ecology, Evolution, Fitness linked traits, for sex differences] [Territoriality / / ] [Survival / / Body mass, for sex differences] [Webs / / Site selection, Habitat utilization, Land zones, link to fitness \& test, Nearctic region, North America, Population dynamics, preference / / Web site quality discrimination, relations \& linked behavioural traits, Reproduction, selection / / Fitness linked behavioural traits, Sex differences, sex differences in linked traits] [Behavioural sex differences / /, test of sex differences] [Habitat, tests for sex, USA, USA] [New Mexico / /}, isbn = {0892-7553}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR13100049255}, author = {Singer, Fred and Riechert, Susan E.} } @article {388, title = {A test for correlations among fitness-linked behavioural traits in the spider Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae, Agelenidae)}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {46}, year = {1993}, note = {ZOOR13000019876}, month = {1993}, pages = {669-675}, abstract = {The spider Agelenopsis aperta, exhibits a suite of behavioural traits that are functionally dissimilar but which all potentially could be influenced by inherent levels of {\textquoteright}fear{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}aggression{\textquoteright}: agonistic behaviour, territory size, foraging behaviour, and anti-predatory behaviour. Previous findings suggest that in A. aperta, agonistic behaviour and territory size are phenotypically correlated at both the individual and population levels, as are foraging and anti-predator behaviour patterns. In this study first anti-predatory and then agonistic trials were completed on two sets of spiders (wild and laboratory-reared F1 generation) from each of two populations (desert grassland and riparian) to test for an inter-connection between these two sets of traits. Spider scores in the anti-predatory fear test were an accurate predictor of the outcome of contests between individuals that were matched for weight but that had different fear scores. This entire set of traits may have the same underlying genetic basis as pleiotropic effects of the same genes. However, quantitative genetic studies are required to test this hypothesis.}, keywords = {/ / ] [Grassland / / ] [Arizona / / South eastern, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae): [Prey]., Agelenopsis aperta [Natural selection / / Correlation between fitness, Behaviour, behaviour / / Antipredator response, behaviour] [Predators / / ] [Desert habitat / / ] [Forest and woodland, correlation with agonistic, desert grassland \& woodland] [Avoidance, desert grassland]., Ecology, Evolution, Habitat, Land zones, linked behavioural traits, Mexico / / South central, Nearctic region, North America, Terrestrial habitat, USA, USA] [Agonistic behaviour / / Correlation, with antipredator response, woodland] [New}, isbn = {0003-3472}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR13000019876}, author = {Riechert, Susan E. and Hedrick, Ann V.} } @book {391, title = {The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 1 - text}, series = {The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 1 - text.}, year = {1993}, note = {ZOOR12900001200Book }, month = {1993}, pages = {1-229, 1-204, 1-16}, publisher = {Harley Books, Colchester}, organization = {Harley Books, Colchester}, keywords = {[Genitalia / / Epigyne] [Reproductive behaviour / / Courtship \&, [Glossaries / / Morphological terms] [Faunal works / / ], [Identification guides / / ] [Collecting techniques / / Notes], [Preservation of specimens / / ] [General morphology / / External, additional species, p. 177 (Volume 2), Agelenidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Appendages, Araneae (Arachnida): [Nomenclature, Notes, p. 31 (Volume 1), Araneae [Bibliographies / / Specialist identification works for United, Araneidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Araneus diadematus (Araneae)., Araneus diadematus [Pedipalps / / Male, Behaviour, Biochemistry, Biology, Classification, Notes, p. 31 (Volume 1), Clubionidae (Araneae): [Key to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland \& United, Collection maintenance, Dictionaries, Dictynidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, distribution, Documentation, Dysderidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, ecology \& study techniques] [United Kingdom / / ]., Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, features \& terminology] [Silk / / ] [Toxins and venoms / / ], General morphology, Gnaphosidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, guide \& checklist, Hahniidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 115 (Volume 2)]., Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 124 (Volume 2)]., Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 35 (Volume 1)]., Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 80 (Volume 1)]., Key, Key to families, Republic of, Key to genera, Republic of, Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United Kingdom, Extended to include, Key to species, Republic of Ireland \& United, Kingdom \& Europe] [Checklists / / Republic of Ireland \& United Kingdom], Kingdom, Extended to include additional species, p. 177 (Volume 2), Kingdom, P. 115 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 156 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 16 (Volume 2), Kingdom, P. 16 (Volume 2)]., Kingdom, P. 168 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 172 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 198 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 205 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 50 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 60 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 64 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 97 (Volume 1), Kingdom, P. 97 (Volume 1)]., Land zones, Lepthyphantes - Menge 1866 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic, Linyphiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, mating] [Communication / / ] [Republic of Ireland / / Identification, Meioneta - Hull 1920 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic of, Mouthparts, note on variability, note]., of Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 157 (Volume 2)]., of Ireland \& United Kingdom] [Morphological variation / / Male palps, Palaearctic region, Porrhomma - Simon 1884 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic of, Publications, Reproduction, Reproductive system, Republic, Salticidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Silk glands, Systematics, Taxonomy, Techniques, Tetragnathidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Theridiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Thomisidae (Araneae): [Key to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland \& United, to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 80 (Volume 1), Trochosa - Koch 1846 (Araneae): [Key to species, Republic of Ireland \&, United Kingdom, P. 146 (Volume 1)]., Variation, With notes on taxonomy}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12900001200}, author = {Roberts, M. J.} } @article {352, title = {Historical distributions in Britain of two species of large house spiders, Tegenaria saeva and T. gigantea (Araneae, Agelenidae), and their evolutionary implications}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society}, volume = {14}, year = {2009}, note = {ZOOR14508050419}, month = {2009}, pages = {297-302}, abstract = {Current relative distributions and evolutionary inter-actions of two species of large house spiders. Tegenaria saeva and T. gigantea. vary geographically in Britain. To understand fully their underlying causes requires knowledge of species ranges in the past. Here. information from five sources: (a) historical distribution maps based on county and vice county lists; (b) a re-examination of museum and other collections; (c) catalogues of museum specimens recently re-examined by experts; (d) scrutiny of the literature; (e) a request published in a Wildlife Trust magazine, is used to determine historical distribution patterns. It is shown that the northern limits of both species have generally increased through time and that this phenomenon is not a result of variable recorder effort. In the south of England. the species boundary in Dorset has apparently been stable for at least a century. The ecological and evolutionary implications of these results are discussed.}, keywords = {/ ] [United Kingdom / Britain / ]., Ecology, Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, interactions / ] [Ecology / / ] [Zoogeography / Historical distribution, Land zones, Palaearctic region, Tegenaria gigantea, Tegenaria gigantea (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva [Evolution / Evolutionary, Zoogeography}, isbn = {0524-4994}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14508050419}, author = {Oxford, G. S.} } @article {310, title = {Phylogeny of entelegyne spiders: Affinities of the family Penestomidae (new rank), generic phylogeny of Eresidae, and asymmetric rates of change in spinning organ evolution (Araneae, Araneoidea, Entelegynae)}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {55}, year = {2010}, note = {ZOOR14608055960}, month = {2010}, pages = {786-804}, abstract = {Penestomine spiders were first described from females only and placed in the family Eresidae. Discovery of the male decades later brought surprises, especially in the morphology of the male pedipalp, which features (among other things) a retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA). The presence of an RTA is synapomorphic for a large clade of spiders exclusive of Eresidae. A molecular data matrix based on four loci was constructed to test two alternative hypotheses: (1) penestomines are eresids and the RTA is convergent, or (2) penestomines belong within the RTA clade. Taxon sampling concentrated on the Eresidae and the RTA clade, especially outside of the Dionycha and Lycosoidea. Evolution of the cribellum, conventionally characterized as a primitive araneomorph spinning organ lost multiple times, is explored. Parsimony optimization indicates repeated appearances of the cribellum. Exploration of asymmetric rates of loss and gain in both a likelihood framework and using a Sankoff matrix under parsimony reveals that cribellum homology is supported when losses are two times more likely than gains. We suggest that when complicated characters appear (under parsimony optimization) to evolve multiple times, investigators should consider alternative reconstructions featuring a relatively high rate of loss. Evolution of other morphological characters is also investigated. The results imply revised circumscription of some RTA-clade families, including Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Cybaeidae, Dictynidae and Hahniidae. Some nomenclatural changes are formally proposed here; others await further investigation. The family Penestomidae (NEW RANK) is established. Tamgrinia, not Neoramia, is the cribellate sister clade of the ecribellate Agelenidae. Tamgrinia and the subfamily Coelotinae are transferred from the family Amaurobiidae to the family Agelenidae. Zanomys and its relatives are not coelotines but belong to a clade tentatively identified as Macrobuninae. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {[Evolution / / ] [Phylogeny / Cladistics / ]., [Nucleic acids / DNA sequence analysis / ] [Molecular genetics / / ], 801]., Alloclubionoides - Paik 1992 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Amaurobiidae, p. 801]., Amaurobiidae, p. 802]., Appendages, Bifidocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Biochemistry, Coelotes - Blackwall 1841 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Coras - Simon 1898 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Draconarius - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Entelegynae (Araneae)., Entelegynae [Spinnerets / Cribellum evolution / taxonomic implications], Eresidae, p. 801]., Eurocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Evolution, Femoracoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, from Amaurobiidae, p. 802]., General morphology, Genetics, Himalcoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Iwogumoa - Kishida 1955 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Leptocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Lineacoelotes - Xu, Li \& Wang 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Longicoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Notiocoelotes - Wang, Xu \& Li 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Orumcekia - Kocak \& Kemal 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Penestomidae - Simon 1903 (Araneae): [Raised from, Penestominae, p., Penestominae - Simon 1903 (Araneae): [Raised to, Penestomidae, p. 801]., Penestomus - Simon 1902 (Araneae): [Referred to, Penestomidae from, Pireneitega - Kishida 1955 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Platocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Robusticoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Spiricoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Status, Systematics, Tamgrinia - Lehtinen 1967 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Taxonomic position, Taxonomy, Tegecoelotes - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Tonsilla - Wang \& Yin 1992 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Urocoras - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Wadotes - Chamberlin 1925 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from}, isbn = {1055-7903}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14608055960}, author = {Miller, Jeremy A. and Carmichael, Anthea and Ramirez, Martin J. and Spagna, Joseph C. and Haddad, Charles R. and Rezac, Milan and Johannesen, Jes and Kral, Jiri and Wang, Xin-Ping and Griswold, Charles E.} } @article {294, title = {To the knowledge of the funnel-web spides spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae, Agelenidae) in the Transuralian forest steppe}, journal = {Zoologicheskii Zhurnal}, volume = {74}, year = {1995}, note = {ZOOR13200068494}, month = {1995}, pages = {139-143}, keywords = {[Population density / / Web abundance as indicator] [Webs / / Funnel, adaptation / / Funnel web, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae): [Predator]., Agelena labyrinthica [Insect prey / / Spectrum, Animal constructions, capture / / Funnel web structure relationships] [Evolutionary, Diet, Ecology, Eurasia, Evolution, Feeding behaviour, feeding ecology relationships]., Foraging, forest steppe] [Food preferences / / Insect prey spectrum] [Food, Funnel web structure, Habitat, influencing factors, insect prey capture relationships], Land zones, Nutrition, Palaearctic region, Population dynamics, Prey, structure role in feeding ecology] [Russia / / Chelyabinsk Region, Terrestrial habitat, web structure role in food capture] [Forest and woodland / / web}, isbn = {0044-5134}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR13200068494}, author = {Mazura, N. S. and Esyunin, S. L.} } @article {300, title = {Notes on the variation, identification and distribution of British species of the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae, Agelenidae)}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society}, volume = {5}, year = {1980}, note = {ZOOR11700018519}, month = {1980}, pages = {1-8}, keywords = {characters, Palp \& epigyne, figured]., Diagnosis, epigyne, figured]., Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, identification]., Land zones, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, patterns / / ] [United Kingdom / / Distribution patterns \&, Systematics, Tegenaria atrica, Tegenaria atrica - Koch (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, Palp \&, Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica group [Morphological variation / / Palp \& epigyne, Tegenaria gigantea, Tegenaria gigantea - Chamberlin \& Ivie (Araneae): [Diagnostic, Tegenaria saeva - Blackwall (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, Palp \&, Tegenaria saeva [Distribution, United Kingdom]., Variation, Zoogeography}, isbn = {0524-4994}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700018519}, author = {Merrett, P.} } @article {288, title = {Male emergence timing and mating success in the funnel-web spider, Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae)}, journal = {Ecological Research}, volume = {9}, year = {1994}, note = {ZOOR13100012872}, month = {1994}, pages = {159-165}, abstract = {Field observations on the relationship between male mating success and emergence timing in the funnel-web spider, Agelena limbata, were conducted. Agelena limbata is an annual species and adult males appear slightly earlier than adult females in July. As males deposit a copulatory plug at the female epigynum after copulation, copulation with virgin females is important to males. The number of copulations in males with virgin females, which strongly correlates with the longevity of males and the number of females that males courted, did not correlate with the emergence timing of males. Early emerged males and females were significantly larger in size than later ones, but the correlation coefficient between the emerged date and the cephalothorax width was not strong. Males that emerged earlier did not have any advantage in copulating with larger and more fecund females. Furthermore, virgin females first copulated on average 7.9 days after their final molt and the mortality rate of adult males increased after the final molt. These factors may favor the smaller degree of protandry in male emergence timing in A. limbata.}, keywords = {adaptive significance] [Hatching / / Male emergence timing, Agelena limbata (Araneae)., Agelena limbata [Mating / / Male mating success, Asia, Development, emergence timing, Eurasia, Evolution, Kyushu, Land zones, Life cycle and development, Male emergence timing \& mating success]., mating success relations] [Evolutionary adaptation / / ] [Japan / /, Palaearctic region, relations, Reproduction, Reproductive behaviour}, isbn = {0912-3814}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR13100012872}, author = {Masumoto, Toshiya} } @article {291, title = {Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Coelotes (Araneae, Agelenidae) in Alpenlandern 1. Die Arten aus dem Gebiet der Schweiz. Evolution der pastor-Gruppe}, journal = {Revue Suisse de Zoologie}, volume = {89}, year = {1982}, note = {ZOOR11900018345}, month = {1982}, pages = {313-336}, abstract = {The genus Coelotes in Switzerland was re-examined. The following species and subspecies could be verified: C. atropos, C. inermis, C. mediocris, C. terrestris, C. pabulator, C. rudolfi, C. pastor pickardi and C. p. tirolensis. Special studies were made in the C. pastor-group of high altitude localities in the southern alps. The structure of the genitalia and biogeographical facts are probably related to the glacial history of the French, Swiss and Italian alps.}, keywords = {Blauwe 1975 (in part), p. 325]., C. cooremani, p. 325]., Coelotes (Araneae)., Coelotes [Speciation / / ] [Zoogeography / / ] [Switzerland / /, Coelotes cooremani - de Blauwe 1975 (Araneae): [Downgraded to, C. pastor, Coelotes pastor cooremani - de Blauwe 1975 (Araneae): [Downgraded from,, Coelotes rudolfi - (Schenkel 1925) (Araneae): [Syn nov, C. cooremani de, cooremani, p. 325]., Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, Land zones, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, Status, Synonymy, Systematic accounts \& zoogeography \& evolution]., Systematics, Taxonomy, Zoogeography}, isbn = {0035-418X}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11900018345}, author = {Maurer, R.} } @article {260, title = {Evolution of multiple sex chromosomes in the spider genus Malthonica (Araneae: Agelenidae) indicates unique structure of the spider sex chromosome systems}, journal = {Chromosome Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2007}, note = {ZOOR14405027059}, month = {2007}, pages = {863-879}, abstract = {Most spiders exhibit a multiple sex chromosome system, X1X20, whose origin has not been satisfactorily explained. Examination of the sex chromosome systems in the spider genus Malthonica (Agelenidae) revealed considerable diversity in sex chromosome constitution within this group. Besides modes X1X20 (M. silvestris) and X1X2X30 (M. campestris), a neo-X1X2X3X4X5Y system in M. ferruginea was found. Ultrastructural analysis of spread pachytene spermatocytes revealed that the X1X20 and X1X2X30 systems include a pair of homomorphic sex chromosomes. Multiple X chromosomes and the pair exhibit an end-to-end pairing, being connected by attachment plaques. The X1X2X3X4X5Y system of M. ferruginea arose by rearrangement between the homomorphic sex chromosome pair and an autosome. Multiple X chromosomes and the sex chromosome pair do not differ from autosomes in a pattern of constitutive heterochromatin. Ultrastructural data on sex chromosome pairing in other spiders indicate that the homomorphic sex chromosome pair forms an integral part of the spider sex chromosome systems. It is suggested that this pair represents ancestral sex chromosomes of spiders, which generated multiple X chromosomes by non-disjunctions. Structural differentiation of newly formed X chromosomes has been facilitated by heterochromatinization of sex chromosome bivalents observed in prophase I of spider females.}, keywords = {comparative study] [Chromosomes / / ] [Evolution / /, Cytogenetics, determination genetics / Sex chromosome system / Evolution of multiple, Evolution, Genetics, Malthonica campestris, Malthonica campestris (Araneae)., Malthonica ferruginea, Malthonica ferruginea (Araneae)., Malthonica silvestris (Araneae)., Malthonica silvestris [Sex, sex chromosomes}, isbn = {0967-3849}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14405027059}, author = {Kral, Jiri} } @article {227, title = {Anomalies of the abdomen in Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch (Araneae Agelenidae)}, journal = {Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences}, volume = {50}, year = {2002}, note = {ZOOR13900033055}, month = {2002}, pages = {183-188}, abstract = {By exposing embryos of Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch to alternate temperatures of 12[degree]C and 32[degree]C, structural anomalies were caused in all abdominal metameres of that spider. The changes in the shape of abdomen and the persistence of stump appendages in the prothelar and postthelar zone of the abdomen are considered atavistic characteristics related to the phylogenetic past of Arachnida.}, keywords = {Abiotic, adult, Development, effect on opisthsoma anomalies in adult]., Evolution, factors, General morphology, Life cycle and development, Opisthosoma anomalies, Parasites diseases and disorders, phylogenetic significance] [Embryo development / /, Physical factors, significance] [Diseases and disorders / Anomalies / ] [Temperature / /, Systematics, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica [Opisthosoma / / effect of temperature during embryo, temperature during embryo development, Temperature effect on opisthosoma anomalies in adult] [Phylogeny / /}, isbn = {0867-1656}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR13900033055}, author = {Jacunski, Lech} } @article {205, title = {Untersuchungen zur Evolution der Kopulationsorgane bei Spinnen (1) (Arachnida, Araneae)}, journal = {Entomologische Abhandlungen (Dresden)}, volume = {53}, year = {1989}, note = {ZOOR12600035269}, month = {1989}, pages = {1-25}, abstract = {The functional morphology of male and female copulatory organs was investigated in 456 spiders representing 189 species from following 36 families: Agelenidae, Anapidae, Araneidae, Atypidae, Caponiidae, Clubionidae, Ctenidae, Dictynidae, Dipluridae, Dysderidae, Filistatidae, Gnaphosidae, Heteropodidae, Hypochilidae, Leptonetidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Mecysmauchenidae, Metidae, Mimetidae, Mysmenidae, Oonopidae, Oxyopidae, Palpimanidae, Pholcidae, Psechirdae, Salticidae, Scytodidae, Segestriidae, Symphytognathidae, Tetrablemmidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, Thomisidae, and Uloboridae. Externally visible copulatory organs of both sexes as well as the receptaculum seminis in the female and the permophore in the male palus were given special attention. Structural and functional principles and evolutionary development are discussed based on the results of this comparative study.}, keywords = {[Evolutionary trends / / ]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Copulatory organs / / Male \& female anatomy \& evolution], Evolution, Evolutionary adaptation, Reproduction, Reproductive system}, isbn = {0373-8981}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12600035269}, author = {Heimer, S.} } @article {192, title = {Funnel web spiders - the final solution}, journal = {Circular of the Entomological Society of New South Wales}, year = {1986}, note = {ZOOR12300040821No. 366 }, month = {1986}, pages = {84-85}, keywords = {/ / Methods of taxonomy, Agelenidae (Araneae)., Agelenidae [Coordinates / / Cluster \& discriminant analysis of, analysis, analysis]., Atrax - Pickard-Cambridge 1877 (Araneae): [Numerical taxonomy,, Australasia, Australasian region, Cladistic classification, Morphological, Cladistic classification, Morphological analysis]., Climatic \& habitat influences] [Distribution patterns / / ] [Australia, Evolution, General morphology, Hadronyche - Koch 1873 (Araneae): [Numerical taxonomy, Morphological, Land zones, Mathematical, Morphological analysis, Morphology, speciation \& distribution]., Systematics, taxonomic use] [General morphology / / ] [Speciation / /, Taxonomy, Techniques, Type of classification, Zoogeography}, isbn = {1037-3020}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12300040821}, author = {Gray, M.} } @article {162, title = {Etude des tegenaires Tegenaria tyrrhenica Dalmas 1922 (Araneae, Agelenidae)}, journal = {Annales Speleol}, volume = {31}, year = {1976}, note = {ZOOR11300005027}, month = {1976}, pages = {223-228}, keywords = {/ Distribution]., Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, information, p. 224]., Land zones, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, Systematics, Tegenaria tyrrhenica - Dalmas 1922 (Araneae): [Description, Additional, Tegenaria tyrrhenica [Variation / / Infraspecific variation] [Italy /}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11300005027}, author = {Dresco, E. and Celerier, M. L.} } @article {122, title = {Mitochondrial differentiation, introgression and phylogeny of species in the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae: Agelenidae)}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {81}, year = {2004}, note = {ZOOR14004021926}, month = {2004}, pages = {79-89}, abstract = {The relationships between the three members of the Tegenaria atrica group (T. atrica, T. saeva and T. gigantea) were examined with DNA sequence data from mitochondrial CO1, 16S rRNA, tRNAleu(CUN) and ND1 genes. Members of this group of large house spiders have overlapping distributions in western Europe and hybridize with each other to a variable degree. The close relatedness of all three species was supported by all analyses. T. saeva and T. gigantea are more closely affiliated than either is to T. atrica. Haplotypes clearly assignable to T. gigantea were also present in many specimens of T. saeva, suggesting asymmetrical introgression of mtDNA from T. gigantea into T. saeva. Molecular clock calibrations (CO1) suggest that deeper divisions within the genus Tegenaria may be in excess of 10 million years old, and that the evolutionary history of the T. atrica group has been moulded by Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles.}, keywords = {[Molecular genetics / / ] [Hybridization / / Introgression evidence], [Phylogeny / Molecular phylogeny / ] [Biochemical variation / / ]., Biochemistry, Evolution, Genetics, mtDNA sequences / Introgression evidence \& phylogenetic implications], Systematics, Tegenaria atrica, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria gigantea, Tegenaria gigantea (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva [Nucleic acids /, Variation}, isbn = {0024-4066}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14004021926}, author = {Croucher, P. J. P. and Oxford, G. S. and Searle, J. B.} } @article {68, title = {Barriere ethologique et complementarite des signaux chez deux especes sympatriques de tegenaires (Araneae, Agelenidae)}, journal = {Biology of Behaviour}, volume = {11}, year = {1986}, note = {ZOOR12400007077}, month = {1986}, pages = {145-156}, abstract = {The aim of this paper was to study behavioural factors which can intervene in the reproductive isolation of the two sympatric species Tegenaria domestica and Tegenaria pagana, which are very close in systematic and present few morphological differences. In particular, we studied the modalities of the expression of courtship behavior. The behaviours were observed and the vibratory signals were recorded and analysed. The results show that it is possible to easily differentiate the two species. Indeed, male "motifs" of T. domestica are relatively simple and discreet, while those of male of T. pagana are more complex, with many acts{\textquoteright} units performed repetitively. Adult males of the two species were tested on conspecific or heterospecific webs in the presence or absence of an adult female. On conspecific web, male courtship (in both species) can be diplayed in the absence of the female. On heterospecific web, with or without a female, courships are scarce for the two species. However, female of T. domestica show a particular vibration of their first legs, which could facilitate the release of courtship even on the web of T. pagan. These results corroborate the importance of silk structures as a means of communication which can participate in specific sexual recognition and in courtship.}, keywords = {[Tactile signals / / significance for reproductive isolation] [Webs /, / Tactile courtship signals, Animal constructions, Behaviour, Communication, courtship behaviour \& tactile signals significance], Ecology, Evolution, Reproduction, reproductive, Reproductive behaviour, reproductive isolation significance]., Speciation, Tegenaria domestica, Tegenaria domestica (Araneae)., Tegenaria pagana (Araneae)., Tegenaria pagana [Courtship / / Tactile signals, use \& reproductive isolation significance] [Evolutionary isolation / /}, isbn = {0397-7153}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400007077}, author = {Boulanger, P. and Leborgne, R. and Kraft, B.} } @article {52, title = {{\textquoteright}Emerit{\textquoteright}s glands{\textquoteright} in Cybaeota (Araneae, Agelenidae)}, journal = {Journal of Arachnology}, volume = {17}, year = {1989}, note = {ZOOR12600035264}, month = {1989}, pages = {225-235}, abstract = {A new type of spider integumentary gland with distinctive cuticular morphology was recently described in the Telemidae. Strikingly similar glands have subsequently been found in the Leptonetidae, some Salticidae, and now in the genus Cybaeota (Agelenidae). The spatial distribution of the glands in Cybaeota is described. Their placement on the bodies of these spiders supports the repugnatorial secretion hypothesis proposed for them in the Telemidae. The phylogenetic implications of the scattered distribution of this character in spiders are discussed.}, keywords = {Cybaeota (Araneae)., Cybaeota [Integumentary glands / / Emerit{\textquoteright}s glands, distribution, Evolution, function \& phylogenetic implications] [Phylogeny / / Integumentary, gland significance]., Integument}, isbn = {0161-8202}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12600035264}, author = {Bennett, R. G.} } @article {56, title = {Phylogenetic position of the spider subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae) inferred from nuclear rDNA gene sequences}, journal = {Acta Zoologica Sinica}, volume = {51}, year = {2005}, note = {ZOOR14110060143}, month = {2005}, pages = {521-525}, abstract = {The phylogenetic position of the subfamily Coelotinae, which belongs to Amaurobiidae currently but Agelenidae formerly, has remained controversial. The sequences of 28S and 18S rDNA fragments were obtained from six species of spiders representing Ageleninae, Amaurobiinae, Coelotinae and Clubionidae. Neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum- likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) analyses generated identical tree topologies. All trees from the 28S rDNA data derived from neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses support the Coelotinae as the sister group of the Ageleninae, and strongly support the Coelotinae + Ageleninae are the sister group of the Amaurobiinae. The topology in the trees inferred from 18S data is similar to those of 28S rDNA but with lower boostrap support. The results indicate that Coelotinae is probably a subfamily of the family Agelenidae. In addition, the close relationship between Asiacoelotes and Draconarius of the subfamily Coelotinae, Agelena and Alloagelena of the subfamily Ageleninae is strongly supported by the results of analyses of the 28S rDNA sequences. This indicates that the sequence could be used as a molecular marker in the study of phylogenetic relationships among the genera of spiders.}, keywords = {Coelotinae (Araneae)., Coelotinae [Molecular genetics / Nuclear rDNA gene sequences /, Evolution, Genetics, Phylogenetic significance] [Phylogeny / / Molecular genetic evidence]., Systematics}, isbn = {0001-7302}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14110060143}, author = {Bi, Ke-Ran and Zhou, Kai-Ya and Song, Da-Xiang} } @article {57, title = {An analysis of geographic and intersexual chemical variation in venoms of the spider Tegenaria agrestis (Agelenidae)}, journal = {Toxicon}, volume = {39}, year = {2001}, note = {ZOOR13700031557}, month = {2001}, pages = {955-968}, abstract = {The spider Tegenaria agrestis is native to Europe, where it is considered medically innocuous. This species recently colonized the US where it has been accused of bites that result in necrotic lesions and systemic effects in humans. One possible explanation of this pattern is the US spiders have unique venom characteristics. This study compares whole venoms from US and European populations to look for unique US characteristics, and to increase our understanding of venom variability within species. This study compared venoms from T. agrestis males and females from Marysville, Washington (US), Tungstead Quarry, England (UK) and Le Landeron, Switzerland, by means of liquid chromatography; and the US and UK populations by insect bioassays. Chromatographic profiles were different between sexes, but similar within sexes between US and UK populations. Venoms from the Swiss population differed subtly in composition from UK and US venoms. No peaks were unique to the US population. Intersexual differences were primarily in relative abundance of components. Insect assays revealed no differences between US and UK venom potency, but female venoms were more potent than male. These results are difficult to reconcile with claims of necrotic effects that are unique to venoms of US Tegenaria.}, keywords = {[Washington / Snohomish County, Marysville / ]., \& intersexual variation, biochemical sex differences / / geographical variation] [Biochemical, Biochemistry, Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, geographical, Kingdom, Land, Landeron / ] [England / Derbyshire, Buxton, Tungstead Quarry / ], Nearctic region, North America, Palaearctic region, Reproduction, Sex differences, Switzerland \& Washington] [Physiological and, Tegenaria agrestis (Araneae)., Tegenaria agrestis [Toxins and venoms / / Venom chemistry, United, USA, Variation, variation / / geographical \& intersexual differences] [Switzerland / Le, zones}, isbn = {0041-0101}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR13700031557}, author = {Binford, G. J.} } @article {50, title = {Systematics and natural history of Wadotes (Araneae, Agelenidae)}, journal = {Journal of Arachnology}, volume = {15}, year = {1987}, note = {ZOOR12500011459}, month = {1987}, pages = {91-128}, abstract = {The coelotine agelenid genus Wadotes, exclusive of the single described Palaearctic species W. primus, is a monophyletic assemblage of species endemic to eastern North America. Diagnoses, descriptions, distributions, natural history notes, a key, and a phylogeny are presented for eleven species, five of which (W. carinidactylus, W. deceptis, W. mumai, W. saturnus, and W. willsi) are described as new. W. convolutus and W. carolinus are synonymized with W. bimucronatus. The male palpal tarsus and the female epigynum of the Nearctic group is described in detail. Mating behavior of Wadotes is described for the first time.}, keywords = {[Phylogeny / / ] [Nearctic region / / Reproductive system structure, / Male palpal tarsus structure] [Copulation / / First description], biological notes, Chamberlin 1925, p. 104, Coelotes calcaratus - Keyserling 1887 (Araneae): [Lectotype designated,, distribution \& systematics]., Evolution, Key, Land zones, Mating, Mount Rogers, Nearctic region, New, New species]., New taxa, Nomenclature, North America, P. 102]., P. 108]., Poplar Cove, Reproduction, Reproductive behaviour, Reproductive system, species]., Syn nov, W. convolutus Muma 1947, p. 104]., Synonymy, Systematics, Taxonomy, Type material, USA, Wadotes - Chamberlin 1925 (Araneae): [Key to species, Nearctic region,, Wadotes [Genitalia / / Female epigynum structure] [Copulatory organs /, Wadotes bimucronatus - (Simon 1898) (Araneae): [Syn nov, W. carolinus, Wadotes carinidactylus, Wadotes carinidactylus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Georgia, P. 108, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Wadotes deceptis (Araneae): [Sp nov, North Carolina, P. 111, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Wadotes deceptis [North Carolina / / Graham County, Wadotes mumai (Araneae): [Sp nov, Georgia, P. 118, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Wadotes mumai [Georgia-USA / / New species]., Wadotes primus - Fox 1937 (Araneae): [Status, P. 126]., Wadotes saturnus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Alabama, P. 119, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Wadotes saturnus [Alabama / / North east, Wadotes willsi (Araneae): [Sp nov, Virginia, P. 123, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Wadotes willsi [Virginia / / Grayson County}, isbn = {0161-8202}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12500011459}, author = {Bennett, R. G.} } @article {34, title = {The evolution of prey-wrapping behaviour in spiders}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {41}, year = {2007}, note = {ZOOR14312075231}, month = {2007}, pages = {1631-1658}, abstract = {We traced the evolution of silk use by spiders in attacks on prey by combining previous publications with new observations of 31 species in 16 families. Two new prey-wrapping techniques are described. One, in which the spider holds a tense line (often covered with viscid silk) with both legs IV and applies it to the prey with a simultaneous movement of both legs, may be a synapomorphy linking Theridiidae, Nesticidae, and Synotaxidae. The other, in which the spider stands over the prey and turns in place, is apparently very ancient; it occurs in Theraphosidae, Tengellidae, and Agelenidae. The use of legs IV to wrap prey is described for the first time in Filistatidae and Scytodidae. Using a recent phylogeny of spiders, we propose that prey wrapping with legs IV has evolved convergently at least four times. We propose that prey wrapping originally evolved from egg-sac construction behaviour.}, keywords = {Animal constructions, Appendages, Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Silk / / Evolutionary origins of use in prey wrapping, behaviour] [Phylogeny / / Prey wrapping behaviour, Ecology, Evolution, evolutionary origins, Feeding behaviour, General morphology, Nesticidae, Nesticidae (Araneae)., Nutrition, of silk use] [Cocoons / / ]., possible synapomorphy] [Food handling /, Prey wrapping / Involvement of legs IV] [Phylogeny / Synapomorphy / Prey, Silk glands, Synotaxidae, Synotaxidae (Araneae)., Systematics, Theridiidae (Araneae)., Theridiidae [Prosomal legs / Legs IV / Prey, use of legs IV]., wrapping behaviour, wrapping behaviour involvement}, isbn = {0022-2933}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14312075231}, author = {Barrantes, Gilbert and Eberhard, William G.} } @article {41, title = {Algunas reflexiones sobre las especies del grupo atrica, en la Peninsula Iberica (Araneae, Agelenidae, Tegenaria)}, journal = {Revue Arachnologique}, volume = {7}, year = {1988}, note = {ZOOR12400050581}, month = {1988}, pages = {141-162}, keywords = {/ / ] [Life cycle / / ] [Geographical variation / / Morphological, / Distribution, Appendages, biology \& morphological characters] [Spain / / ]., characters] [Morphological variation / / ] [Ecology / / ] [Portugal /, Ecology, Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, General morphology, Iberian, Land zones, Life cycle and development, Mouthparts, Palaearctic region, Peninsula] [Reproduction / / Notes \& taxonomic implications] [Genitalia, Reproduction, Reproductive system, Systematics, Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica group [Pedipalps / / taxonomic implications, Variation}, isbn = {0398-4346}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400050581}, author = {Barrientos, J. A. and Ribera, C.} } @article {24, title = {Interdemic selection and the sex ratio: a social spider perspective}, journal = {American Naturalist}, volume = {142}, year = {1993}, note = {ZOOR13000041301}, month = {1993}, pages = {320-345}, abstract = {Computer simulations of a metapopulation model that mimics social spider populations show that highly female-biased sex ratios evolve when continuously inbreeding lineages (colonies) proliferate differentially to replace other lineages that have become extinct. When lineages of any size proliferated, that is, when the advantage to the colony of producing more females was removed, biased sex ratios did not evolve despite extreme conditions of inbreeding. Selection at the colony level is therefore necessary to counteract Fisherian selection within colonies, which here is shown to be acting regardless of the degree of population subdivision. Smaller size of the founding groups and lower migration rates resulted in more female-biased sex ratios because they reduced the within-group genetic variance and increased the variance among groups and therefore made selection among groups more effective. The outcome of the selective process, however, depended not only on the degree of population subdivision (i.e., the ratio of the variances), but also on the relative rate of turnover of the groups and the individuals within them: the lower the rate of colony turnover, the less biased the equilibrium sex ratio. The threshold size for proliferation, brood size, and conditional control over the production of at least one male also affected the equilibrium sex ratio under some of the conditions investigated.}, keywords = {Agelenidae, Agelenidae (Araneae)., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Natural selection / / Interdemic selection, Dictynidae, Dictynidae (Araneae)., Ecology, effect on sex ratio, Eresidae, Eresidae (Araneae)., Evolution, model] [Population sex ratio / / Interdemic, model]., Population dynamics, Population structure, selection / / Interdemic selection, selection effect]., social taxa, Theridiidae, Theridiidae (Araneae)., Thomisidae (Araneae)., Thomisidae [Natural}, isbn = {0003-0147}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR13000041301}, author = {Aviles, Leticia} } @article {26, title = {Molecular evidence for Pleistocene glacial cycles driving diversification of a North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {13}, year = {2004}, note = {ZOOR14101006872}, month = {2004}, pages = {3453-3465}, abstract = {The influence of historical climatic vs. geological changes on species diversification patterns was investigated in a widely distributed North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae), with particular reference to Pleistocene glacial cycles and earlier patterns of mountain building. Levels of sequence divergence obtained from the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I, dated to the Pleistocene, eliminating Rocky Mountain orogeny as a cause of diversification, as orogeny ended 4 million years ago. The results of phylogenetic and network analyses showed the presence of three geographically defined clades, which were consistent with the presence of at least three glacial refugia: (i) east of the Rocky Mountains; (ii) between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevadas; and (iii) west of the Sierra Nevadas. In addition, populations within the Rocky Mountains exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity than populations east of the Rocky Mountains and the haplotypes found within the Rockies were a subset of eastern haplotypes. These patterns suggest that a post-Pleistocene range expansion occurred out of an eastern glacial refugium into the Rocky Mountains. Examination of phylogeographical studies of other North American desert taxa indicated that mountain building explained diversification patterns more effectively for some taxa but Pleistocene climate change was more important for others, including A. aperta.}, keywords = {Abiotic factors, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae): [Fossil]., Agelenopsis aperta [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA gene sequence /, Biochemistry, Caenozoic, Diversification patterns, diversification patterns] [North America / / ] [Pleistocene / / ]., Evolution, Genetics, Geological time periods, influence of climatic vs geological, influences] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Population genetics / /, Land zones, molecular evidence] [Biochemical variation / / Cytochrome oxidase I, mtDNA sequences] [Climate and weather / / Influence on diversification, Nearctic region, patterns] [Geophysical events / / Geological influences on, Physical factors, Proteins, Quaternary, Variation}, isbn = {0962-1083}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101006872}, author = {Ayoub, Nadia A. and Riechert, Susan E.} } @article {27, title = {Speciation history of the North American funnel web spiders, Agelenopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae): phylogenetic inferences at the population-species interface}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {36}, year = {2005}, note = {ZOOR14110057613}, month = {2005}, pages = {42-57}, abstract = {Intra- and interspecific relationships of 12 out of 13 described species as well as a potential new species in the spider genus Agelenopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae) were analyzed using sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA. Approximately half of the species examined formed well-supported monophyletic groups, whereas the rest of the species were part of well-supported monophyletic species groups. Rather than viewing cases where species were not identified as being monophyletic as poor taxonomy, these cases more likely represent recent speciation and offer insights into the process of speciation. The clade with the lowest levels of interspecific sequence divergence was found in eastern North America, whereas western species displayed much higher levels of interspecific divergence. These patterns appear to extend below the species level as well, with southwestern species exhibiting the highest levels of intraspecific sequence divergence and geographic structuring. The relationship between Agelenopsis and Barronopsis, a genus once considered a sub-genus of Agelenopsis, was also examined. The two genera are reciprocally monophyletic but more generic level sampling is needed to confirm an apparent sister relationship between the two. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {[Biochemical variation / / ] [North America / / Molecular phylogeny \&, Agelenopsis (Araneae)., Agelenopsis [Nucleic acids / mtDNA \& 16S rRNA sequences / Phylogenetic, Biochemistry, cytochrome, Evolution, Genetics, Land zones, Nearctic region, oxidase \& rRNA sequences] [Speciation / Speciation history / ], Proteins, relationships, sequences / ] [Molecular genetics / mtDNA, cytochrome oxidase \& rRNA, sequences / ] [Phylogeny / Molecular phylogeny / mtDNA, speciation implications] [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I, speciation]., Systematics, Variation}, isbn = {1055-7903}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14110057613}, author = {Ayoub, Nadia A. and Riechert, Susan E. and Small, Randall L.} } @book {3, title = {Spiders of North America: an identification manual}, series = {Spiders of North America: an identification manual.}, year = {2005}, note = {ZOOR14307044773Book unknown }, month = {2005}, pages = {i-v, 1-377}, publisher = {American Arachnological Society}, organization = {American Arachnological Society}, keywords = {Agelenidae, Agelenidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 58, Attributable, Amaurobiidae, Amaurobiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 61,, America / / Key to genera]., Anapidae, Anapidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 65, Attributable, Antrodiaetidae, Antrodiaetidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 40,, Anyphaenidae, Anyphaenidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 67,, Araneae (Arachnida): [Key, To infraorders, North America, P. 25]., Araneae [Dictionaries / Etymological dictionary / ] [Identification, Araneidae, Araneidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 69, Attributable, Araneomorphae, Araneomorphae (Araneae): [Key to families, North America, P. 27,, Attributable to Bond]., Attributable to Carico]., Attributable to Coyle]., Attributable to Craig, Savery \& Ubick]., Attributable to Cutler]., Attributable to Dondale]., Attributable to Draney \& Buckle]., Attributable to Ledford, Ubick \& Cokendolpher]., Attributable to Levi]., Attributable to Lew]., Attributable to Lopardo \& Coddington]., Attributable to Opell]., Attributable to Paquin \& Hedin]., Attributable to Prentice]., Attributable to Richman \& Ubick]., Attributable to Richman, Edwards \& Cutler]., Attributable to Ubick \& Craig]., Attributable to Ubick \& Richman]., Attributable to Ubick]., Atypidae, Atypidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 42, Attributable, biology \& phylogeny] [ / / Key to infraorders]., Caponiidae, Caponiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 76, Attributable, Clubionidae, Clubionidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 78,, Comprehensive taxonomic identification manual including distribution, Corinnidae, Corinnidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 80, Attributable, Ctenidae, Ctenidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 84, Attributable, Ctenizidae, Ctenizidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 44, Attributable, Cybaeidae, Cybaeidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 87, Attributable, Cyrtaucheniidae, Cyrtaucheniidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 46,, Desidae, Desidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 94, Attributable to, Dictynidae, Dictynidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 97, Attributable, Dipluridae, Dipluridae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 48, Attributable, distribution \& biology] [Phylogeny / Familial phylogenetic, Documentation, Evolution, Filistatidae, Filistatidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 105,, Gnaphosidae, Gnaphosidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 108,, guides / Comprehensive taxonomic identification manual / Including, Hahniidae, Hahniidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 114, Attributable, Hersiliidae, Hersiliidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 117,, Key, Land, Leptonetidae, Leptonetidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 123,, Linyphiidae, Linyphiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 128,, Liocranidae, Liocranidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 163,, Lycosidae, Lycosidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 165, Attributable, Mecicobothriidae, Mecicobothriidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 51,, Mimetidae, Mimetidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 172, Attributable, Miturgidae, Miturgidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 174,, Mygalomorphae (Araneae): [Key to families, North America, P. 25,, Mygalomorphae [North America / / Key to families]., Mysmenidae, Mysmenidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 177,, Nearctic region, Nesticidae, Nesticidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 180,, Oecobiidae, Oecobiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 184,, Oonopidae, Oonopidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 186, Attributable, Oxyopidae, Oxyopidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 191, Attributable, Philodromidae, Philodromidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 193,, Pholcidae, Pholcidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 195, Attributable, phylogeny, Pisauridae, Pisauridae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 200,, Plectreuridae, Plectreuridae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 202,, Prodidomidae, Prodidomidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 203,, Publications, relationships / Review, Salticidae, Salticidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 208,, Segestriidae, Segestriidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 219,, Sparassidae, Sparassidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 224,, Systematics, taxonomic significance] [North America / /, Taxonomy, Tengellidae, Tengellidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 231,, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnathidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 233,, Theraphosidae, Theraphosidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 55,, Theridiidae, Theridiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 237,, Thomisidae, Thomisidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 247,, to Bennett \& Ubick]., to Bennett]., to Bond \& Hendrixson]., to Brady \& Santos]., to Coddington]., to Coyle]., to Dondale]., to Huber]., to Levi]., to Lew \& Mott]., to Ubick \& Richman]., to Ubick \& Silva Davila]., to Ubick]., Ubick]., Uloboridae, Uloboridae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 252,, Zodariidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, North America, P. 255,, Zodariidae [North, zones}, isbn = {0-9771439-0-2}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR14307044773}, editor = {Ubick, D. and Paquin, P. and Cushing, P. E. and Roth, V.} }