@article {471,
	title = {On European Spiders. Part I. Review of the European Genera of Spiders, preceded by some observations on Zoological Nomenclature},
	journal = {Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3},
	volume = {vii},
	year = {1869},
	note = {ZOOR00600000052},
	month = {1869},
	pages = {pp. 1-242},
	abstract = {This is undoubtedly the most valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Araneida that has appeared of late years. The author discusses in it the general classification of the group, and the bibliography and literature of the subject generally; and many remarks upon extra-European forms of Spiders will be found scattered through it, or in the notes appended to the text. The author has also discussed the general question of zoological nomenclature and synonymy, his remarks upon which are exceedingly valuable. A great number of generic names are changed by the author on account of their having been preoccupied in other groups (see especially p. 37). Thorell also gives a notice of Fossil Spiders, including descriptions of some new forms. THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) combines Eresus with the Salticidae to form his suborder Saltigradae, which he divides into two families as follows (l. c. p. 198):-1. Eresoidae: cephalothorax antice valde elevato-convexus; oculi 2 postici inter se multo longius distantes quam sunt 2 proximo antecedents; tarsi unguibus trinis aut binis instructi, fasciculo unguiculari carentes. 2. Attoidae: cephalothorax deplanatus, parte cephalica non vel paullo tantum altiore quam parte thoracica; oculi 2 postici inter se non multo longius quam 2 antecedentes remoti; oculi 4 majores inter se proximi, medii (antici) eorum reliquis omnibus multo majores; tarsi unguibus tantum binis et fasciculo unguiculari instructi. The Eresoidae, including only the two genera Eresus and Palpimanus, are divided into the subfamilies Eresinae with an infra-mammillary organ and calamistrum, and Palpimaninae, in which those organs are wanting. Each, of Course, includes a single genus, the type of Eresus being E. cinnabarinus (Oliv.), and that of Palpimanus P. gibbulus (Duf.). THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) adopts the suborder Laterigradae and includes in it only the family Thomisoidae, in which he admits the following European genera (l. c. pp. 173-175):-I. Mamillae ut et ungues in apice tarsorum adsunt. A. Pedes 4 posteriores reliquis non vel parum graciliores, saepissime iis non vel parum breviores; tarsi in apice sub unguibus fasciculis 2 pilorum plus minus dilatatorum instructi Subf. I. Philodrominae. 1. Utraque oculorum series ex oculis 4 composita. a.Oculi medii antici vix vel non longius a margine clypei quam a mediis posticis remoti; maxillae plerumque rectae et parallelae. Series oculorum antica paullo recurva, postica paullo procurva. Micrommata (Lat.). Series oculorum antica paullo recurva, postica subrecta. Sparassus (Walck.). [ Series oculorum antica subprocurva vel recta, postica paullo recurva vel subrecta; oculi laterales antici mediis anticis non manifeste majores 3. Heteropoda (Lat.).] b.Oculi medii antici evidenter longius a margine clypei quam a mediis posticis remoti; maxillae in labium inclinatae. Pedum proportio 2, 1, 4, 3 (vel 2, 1, 3, 4); cephalothorax breviter ovatus, vel suborbiculatus. ?. Series oculorum antica modice, postica levius recurva; abdomen depressum, breviter et inverse ovatum vel subpentagonum 5. Artanes, g. n. [beta]. Series oculorum ambae modice et aequaliter recurvae; abdomen plerumque ovatum vel inverse ovatum. 6. Philodromus (Walck.). Pedum proportio 2, 4, 1, 3 (vel 2, 4, 3, 1); series oculorum ambae fortiter recurvae; cephalothorax et abdomen oblonga. 7.Thanatus (Koch). 2. Series oculorum antica ex oculis 6, postica ex 2 tantum oculis constat. 4. Selenops (Duf.). B. Pedes 4 posteriores reliquis graciliores et breviores multo; tarsi fasciculis unguicularibus carentSubf. II. THOMISINAE. 1.Frons cum mandibulis declivis, subporrecta; oculi medii antici a margine clypei longius distantes quam a mediis posticis. a.Series oculorum antica levius, postica fortius recurva; laterales antici evidenter majores quam medii antici. 8.Monaeses, g. n. b.Series oculorum antica fortius, postica levius recurva; laterales antici non majores quam medii antici. 9. Thomisus (Walck.). 2.Frons et mandibulae subverticales; oculi medii antici non longius a margine clypei quam a mediis posticis remoti. a.Series oculorum antica plus minus recurva. Oculi laterales postici vix vel non majores quam medii postici; aculei tibiarum graciles. ?. Series oculorum anticorum fortius, posticorum levius recurva; laterales antici non vel parum majores quam intermedii antici 10. Misumena (Lat.). [beta]. Series oculorum anticorum levius, posticorum fortius recurva; laterales antici manifeste majores quam intermedii antici. 11.Diaea, g. n. Oculi laterales postici evidenter majores quam medii postici; tibiae et metatarsi anteriores subtus aculeis robustis armati. 12. Xysticus (Koch). b.Series oculorum antica subrecta, oculi laterales inter se manifeste longius distantes quam medii antici a mediis posticis; oculi 4 medii in rectangulum latiorem quam longiorem dispositi; corpus valde depressum13. Coriarachne, g. n. II. Mamillae et ungues desunt Subf. III. ANETINAE. Oculi laterales longe remoti 14. Anetes (Menge). THORELL (European Spiders, part I.), as already stated, includes three families under his suborder Territelariae; but of these only one, his Theraphosoidae, representing the Mygalidae of most authors, is represented in Europe. He gives the following table of the European genera (l. c. p. 164):-I.Maxillae versus basin dilatatae; palpi dilatationi lateris affixi; cephalothorax anteriora versus dilatatus 1. Atypus (Latr.). II.Maxillae angustae, subcylindratae; palpi apice earum inserti. A.Area oculorum 21/2-3-plo latior quam longior; cephalothorax antice alte elevatus; pedes breves, robusti, 3tif paris roliquis breviores. 2. Cyrtauchenius, g. n. B.Oculi conferti, eminentiae communi parvae impositi; area quam occupant, circa dimidio-duplo tantum latior quam longior. 1.Mandibulae ad apicem dentibus vel lamellis corneis liberis, rastellum vel pecten formantibus, armatae. 3. Nemesia (Sav. \& Aud.). 2.Mandibulae rastello carentes. a. Pedes versus apicem attenuati, unguibus ipsi apici tarsorum insertis. Mamillae superiores (posteriores) articulis quaternis. 4. Diplura (Koch). Mamillae superiores articulis trinis. 5. Trechona (Koch). [b. Pedes robusti, versus apicem vix vel parum attenuati, unguibus supra apicem tarsi insertis, retrahendis. 6. Avicularia (Lam.).] The type of Atypus is A. piceus (Sulzer); the type of Nemesia (=Cteniza) is N. cellicola (Sav. \& Aud.); Diplura has D. macrura (Koch) as its type, and includes also Myg. calpeiana (Walck.) and M. luctuosa (Luc.); of Trechona the type adopted by Thorell is Myg. valentina (Duf.); Avicularia is represented by Ar. avicularia (Linn.)=vestiaria (De G.)=Avic. canceridea (Lam.). The European genera of Lycosoidae are tabulated by THORELL as follows (l. c. p. 189):-I. Series oculorum antica ex oculis 4 formata. A. Oculi medii seriei anticae a margine clypei spatio remoti quod diametrum oculorum non vel paullo tantum superat. 1.Mamillae superiores reliquis saltem dimidio longiores. 1. Aulonia (Koch). 2.Mamillae superiores reliquis vix vel non longiores. a. Series oculorum antica paullo brevior quam media; area oculorum aeque saltem longa atque lata; facies alta. Facies subquadrata, versus mandibulas non vel parum latior, lateribus rectis 2. Lycosa (Lat.). Facies versus mandibulas multo latior, lateribus fortiter convexis 3. Tarentula (Sund.). b. Series oculorum antica plerumque paullo longior, saltem non brevior quam media; area oculorum plerumque latior quam longior; facies humilis. Oculi medii seriei anticae majores, vix vel non minores quam oculi seriei posticae; cephalothorax plerumque densius appresso-pubescens 4. Trochosa (Koch). Oculi medii seriei anticae parvi, evidenter minores quam oculi seriei posticae; cephalothorax parce pubescens. 5. Pirata (Sund.). B.Oculi medii seriei anticae a margine clypei spatio remoti, quod diametro oculorum maximorum duplo saltem majus est. 1.Oculi 4 seriei anticae subaequales; pedes robustiores. 6.Dolomedes (Lat.). 2.Oculi 2 laterales seriei anticae evidenter majores quam medii ejusdem seriei; pedes graciles 7. Ocyale (Sav. \& Aud.). [II. Series oculorum antica ex duobus tantum oculis constans; oculi laterales seriei modiae ab oculis 2 seriei posticae longe disjuncti. 8. Ctenus (Walck.).] The Oxyopoidae include only 2 genera, namely:-1.Peucetia, g. n. (=Pasithea, Blackw.): oculi in series 3, sectorem circuli fere formantes, ordinati. 2.Oxyopes (Lat.): oculi in series 4 ordinati. The European genera of Attoidae are tabulated by THORELL as follows (l. c. pp. 206-208):-I. Pars cephalica parte thoracica abrupte altior. 1. Salticus (Lat.). II. Pars cephalica parte thoracica non altior. A. Quadrangulus oculorum longior quam latior; oculi seriei 3tiae fere in medio cephalothorace siti.; corpus longum et angustum; pedes tenues 2. Leptorchestes, g. n. B.Quadrangulus oculorum saltem postice latior quam longior. Metatarsi et tibiae omnes aculeiscarentes. 3. Epiblemum (Hentz). Metatarsi pedum saltem anteriorum evidenter aculeati. a. Oculi seriei 3tiae non longius a margine cephalothoracis quam inter se remoti. Cephalothorax plerumque duplo fere longior quam latior. 4. Heliophanus (Koch). Cephalothorax non duplo longior quam latior. a. Cephalothorax humilis valde, dorso subplano; oculi seriei 3tiae plerumque multo longius inter se quam a margine cephalothoracis remoti. ?.Quadrangulus oculorum postice evidenter latior quam antice; oculi seriei 3tiae non multo ante medium cephalothoracis siti5. Ballus (Koch). b.Quadrangulus oculorum postice vix vel non latior quam antice; oculi seriei 3time longe ante medium cephalothoracis siti 6. Marpessa (Koch). [beta]. Cephalothorax altus, antice non angustatus, dorso evidenter arcuato 9. Euophrys (Koch). b. Oculi seriei 3tiae longius a margine cephalothoracis quam inter se remoti. Cephalothorax minus altus, dorso leviter tantum arcuato, parte cephalica parum declivi, ita ut oculi seriei 3tiae vix diametro sua altius quam oculi laterales seriei 1mae sint siti 7. Menemerus (Sim.). Cephalothorax altus, immo altissimus, parte cephalica adeo declivi ut oculi seriei 3tiae multo altius quam oculi laterales seriei 1mae siti sint. a. Metatarsi pedum posteriorum circa apicem tantum aculeis armati 8. Dendryphantes (Koch). [beta]. Metatarsi pedum posteriorum non tantum ad apicem aculeati. a. Oculi medii seriei 1mae ante frontem eminentes. Mandibulae facie circa duplo longiores. 10.Philaeus, g. n. Mandibulae facie non vel paullo tantum altiores. 11.Attus (Walck.). b. Frons adeo prominens, ut oculi medii seriei 1mae a margine frontis occultentur. Tibia pedum 4ti paris evidenter brevior quam meta tarsus cum tarso. 12. AElurops, g. n. Tibia pedum 4ti paris aeque saltem longa ac metatarsus cum tarso. 13. Yllenus (Sim.). The type of Salticus is A. formicaria (De G.), and the genus=Pyrophorus (Koch)=Pyroderes (Sim.); that of Epiblemum is E. faustum (Hentz), and the genus nearly represents. Calliethara (Koch), which is a later name; Heliophanus has Attus cupreus (Walck.) for its type; Ballus has for its type Attus heterophthalmus (Reuss), and includes A. depressus (Walck.)=S. brevipes (Hahn) and S. obscurus (Blackw.); the type of Marpessa is A. muscosus (Cl.), and the genus includes M. radiata (Grube), M. hamata (Koch), Salticus pulchellus (Hahn), Menemerus falsificus (Sim.), and Attus lucasii (Sim.); the type of Menemerus is Salt. semilimbatus (Hahn); that of Dendryphantes is A. hastatus (Cl.); Euophrys has Attus frontalis (Walck.) as its type; the type of Attus is A. terebratus (Cl.); and the type of Yllenus is Y. arenarius (Sim.). To the first three of these families reference will be made under Agelenidae; the other three form the group which has been included under the name of Drassidae in these {\textquoteright}Records.{\textquoteright} Their genera are tabulated as follows by THORELL. Under the Drassoidae we have (l. c. p. 139):-I. Oculi 8. A. Maxillae convexae, non impressae. 1.Series oculorum postica, desuper visa, recurva. a. Pedes aculeati. Oculi laterales inter se longius quam medii antici a mediis posticis distantes. 1. Zora (Koch). Oculi laterales inter se non longius remoti, quam medii antici a mediis posticis. 2. Apostenus (Westr.). (?) b. Pedes non aculeati. 3. Trachelas (L. Koch). 2. Series oculorum postica procurva vel recta. a. Abdomen subtus pone plicam genitalem aliam plicam transversam praebet5. Anyphoena (Sund.). b. Abdomen plica pone plicam genitalem caret. Mandibulae ad basin inermes. a. Pedes 4u paris reliquis longiores. a. Labium ad summum dimidiam maxillarum longitudinem aequat. 4. Liocranum (L. Koch). b. Labium 1/3 brevius quam maxilla. 6. Clubiona (Lat.). [beta]. Pedes 1ml paris reliquis longiores. 7. Chiracanthium(Koch). Mandibulae ad basin aculeo armatae.. 8. Phrurolithus (Koch). B. Maxillae in medio impressae. 1. Cephalothorax linea media impressa caret. 9. Micaria (Westr.). 2. Cephalothorax linea media impressa praeditus. a.Series oculorum postica plus minus procurva, et evidenter longior quam series antica. 10. Drassus (Walck.). b. Series oculorum postica recta vel recurva. Series oculorum postica subrecta, non recurva, parum longior quam series antica. 11. Melanophora (Koch.). Oculi laterales inter se evidenter longius distantes quam medii antici a mediis posticis; series oculorum posticorum saepissime evidenter recurva 12. Gnaphosa (Lat.). II.Oculi 6 13. Thysa (Kempel.). The type of the genus Zora is Z. lycaena (Walck.)=spinimana (Sund.); the genus also includes Dolomedes spinimanus (Duf.), D. errans (Duf.), and D. hippomane (Sav. \& Aud.). Apostenus has as its type A. fuscus (Westr.) and includes Agelena celans and gracilipes (Blackw.), Apostenus saxatilis (Auss.), and probably Ar. spinicrus (Duf.) and Drassus subniger (Cambr.). Liocranum is represented by Clubiona domestica (Reuss), and probably includes Drassus praelongipes (Cambr.). The type of Anyphaena is Club. accentuata (Walck.), that of Clubiona is A. holosericea (De G.), that of Chiracanthium is Club. nutrix (Walck.), and that of Phrurolithus is P. festivus (Koch). Micaria has as its type Drassus fulgens (Walck.). Aranea quadripunctata (Linn.) is the type of Drassus as restricted by Thorell, which includes Drassodes (Westr.). Melanophora, the distinctness of which from Gnaphosa is considered to be doubtful, has Drassus ater (Lat.) as its type. Gnaphosa (=Pythonissa, Koch) is typified by Drassus lucifugus (Walck.); and Thysa includes only its original species T. pythonissaeformis (Kempelen). The following is the table of genera of Dysderoidae given by Thorell (l. c. p. 153):-I. Oculi 6 perfecte explicati. A. Series oculorum antica ex 4, postica ex 2 oculis constans; oculi non ommes valde appropinquantes. 1. Maxillae longae, rectae, subparallelae; ungues tarsorum trini. 1. Segestria (Lat.). 2. Maxillae breves, latae, basi gibbosae, in labium paullo inclinatae. 2. Schaenobates (Blackw.). B. Series oculorum antica ex 2, postica ex 4 oculis constans. 1.Oculi laterales seriei posticae subrectae, longius ab oculis mediis ejusdem seriei disjuncti; oculi duo antici inter se longe remoti; ungues tarsorum trini 3. Ariadne (Sav. \& Aud.). 2. Oculi saltem seriei posticae inter se valde appropinquantes. a. Oculi duo anteriores reliquis plerumque manifeste majores, plus minus longe disjuncti; series oculorum postica procurva. Mandibulae subporrectae, ungue longo et valido. Dysdera (Lat.). Mandibulae verticales, ungue brevi; ungues tarsorum trini. Harpactes (Temp.). b. Oculi omnes inter se valde appropinquantes, in tria paria dispositi, 2 utrinque, 2, reliquis majores, in medio; tarsi articulo libero unguifero aucti; ungues bini. 7. Oonops (Temp.). II. Oculi aut 6 valde imperfecti, aut O; ungues tarsorum trini. 4. Stalita (Schiodte). The type of Segestria is A. senoculata (Linn.). Schaenobates includes only S. walkeri (Blackw.). Ariadne is represented by A. insidiatrix (Forsk.). The type of Stalita is S. taenaria (Schiodte), and the species described under that name by Keyserling is distinct. The type of Dysdera is A. punctoria (Vill.); that of Harpactes is A. hombergii (Scop.); and that of Oonops is O. pulcher (Temp.). Thorell{\textquoteright}s family Filistatoidae includes only the genus Filistata. The family Hersilioidae, of which the genus Hersilia (Sav. \& Aud.) is the type, includes only one European species, Hersilia oraniensis (Luc.), which Thorell makes the type of a new genus, characterized as follows (l. c. p. 115):- Hersiliola: Tarsorum articulus unguiferus ipso tarso multo brevior; mamillarum superiorum articuli bini, primus et secundus subaequales; pedes 3til paris reliquis non valde breviores. .Of his Agalenoidae, THORELL (l. c. p. 119) gives the following table of genera:- I. Nulla stigmata trachealia in medio ventris paullo pone plicam genitalem. A.Organum inframamillare et calamistrum adsunt. Subf. 1. AMAUROBIINae. 1. Maxillae in labium subtriangulum inclinatae; pedes omnes aculeis carentes. a. Oculi laterales inter se contingentes; antici eorum a mediis anticis longius distantes 1. Dictyna (Sund.). b.Oculi laterales et omnes oculi seriei anterioris inter se valde et aeque appropinquantes. 2. Argenna, g. n. 2. Maxillae subparallelae. a. Oculi laterales disjuncti. Pedes saltem 6 posteriores aculeis carentes; labium semiovale. 3. Titanaeca, g. n. Pedes omnes aculeati; labium ad basin constrictum, apice truncatum vel subemarginatum; oculi seriei 1mae subaequales, medii postici paullo longius a lateralibus posticis quam inter se distantes. 5. Amaurobius (Koch). b.Oculi laterales subcontingentes. 4. Lethia (Menge). B.Organum inframamillare et calamistrum desunt. Subf. II. AGALENINAE. 1. Mamillae superiores reliquis longiores, articulis binis, 2do acuminato, in latere inferiore, non in apice tautum, tubulis teztoriis instructo. a. Oculi 8. Mandibulae ad basin geniculato-convexae. 7. Caelotes (Blackw.). Mandibulae dorso recto vel leviter modo convexae, non ad basin geniculatae. a. Series oculorum posticorum plus minus recurva vel subrecta. [beta]. Series oculorum anticorum subrecta vel recurva, posticorum fortiter recurva. 13. Textrix (Sund.). b. Series oculorum anticorum procurva vel subrecta, posticorum subrecurva vel recta 12. Histopona, g. n. [beta]. Series oculorum posticorum procurva vel saltem recta. a. Mamillae superiores et inferiores in trapezium postice paullo latius vel in aream subrectangulum dispositae. Series oculorum anticorum fortiter procurva. aa. Series oculorum posticorum procurva; mamillarum superiorum articulus 2dus 1mo longior. 11. Agalena (Walck.). [beta][beta]. Series oculorum posticorum subrecta; mamillarum superiorum articulus 2dus 1mo saltem dimidio brevior. 9. Cryphoeca, g. n. Series oculorum anticorum subrecta vel paullo procurva; mamillarum superiorum articulus 2dus 1mo saepissime multo brevior 8. Tegenaria (Lat.). b. Mamillae longae, superiores inter se valde remotae, cum inferioribus in lineam transvesam recurvam dispositae, et iis fere dimidio longiores 10. Hahnia (Koch). b. Oculi nulli; mamillae superiores valde longae, articulo 2do aeque fere longo atque 1mo 14. Hadites (Keys.). 2. Mamillae superiores inferioribus non vel parum longiores, in ipso apice tantum tubulis textoriis praeditae. a. Mamillae superiores articulis distinctis binis; ungues tarsorum bini. 15.Agroeca (Westr.). b.Mamillae superiores articulo 2do exserto nullo; ungues tarsorum trini 6. Cyboeus (L. Koch). II. Pone plicam genitalem alia plica, stigmata trachealia duo in medio ejus sita continens, ad basin ventris adest. Subf. III. Argyronetinae. 16. ARGYRONETA (Lat.). .As already indicated (p. 144), THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) places this family under his suborder Retitelariae, which he divides into families as follows (l. c. 1869 p. 72):-I. Mamillae inferiores (anteriores) reliquis non vel parum longiores. A. Tarsi articulo unguifero libero carentes; labium liberum; mandibulae non ad basin coalitae 1. THERIDIOIDAE. B.Tarsi articulo libero unguifero aucti; labium cum sterno plerumque sine sutura coalitum; mandibulae versus basin plerumque inter se unitae 2. SCYTODOIDAE. II.Mamillae inferiores reliquis multo longiores. 3. ENYOIDAE. .THORELL{\textquoteright}s Scytodoidae are divided by him as follows (l. c. p. 101):-I.Oculi aut 8, aut 6, et tum tres in utroque latere frontis. (Palpi marium valde incrassati, clava complicata.) Subf. 1. Pholcinae. A. Oculi 8; pedes omnium longissimi 1. Pholcus (Walck.). B. Oculi 6 2. Spermophora (Hentz). II. Oculi 6, in tria paria dispositi, duo in utroque latem frontis. (Palpi marium tenues, clava parum complicata.) Subf. 2. SCYTODINAE. A. Cephalothorax postice alte convexus; mandibulae parvae, debiles; unguen tarsorum trini 3. Scytodes (Lat). n 2 B. Cephalothorax plus minus depresaus; mandibulae fortiores; ungues tarsorum bini 4. Loxosceles (Lowe). The Enyoidoe include only two genera, namely:-I.Series oculorum anticorum procurva 1. Zodarium (Walck.). II. Series oculorum anticorum subrecta. 2. Enyo (Say. \& Aud.). .THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) excludes the genera Eresus and Deinopis from this family, but includes in it the genera Uloborus (=Veleda, Blackw.), Hyptiotes and Zosis (=Orithyia, Blackw.). He gives the following Table1 (l. c. p. 49) of the European genera which he admits into his Epeiroidoe:-I. Organum inframamillare nullum; metatarsi postici calamistro carent. Subf. I. EPEIRINAE. A. Maxillae breves, latitudine non vel parum longiores. 1.Series oculorum postica, desuperne visa, fortiter procurva3. Cephalothorax subplanus, parte cephalica parva, humili. 1. Argiope (Sav. \& Aud.). 2.Series oculorum postica, desuperne viss, subrecta vel recurva. Cephalothorax modice convexus, parte cephalica (in feminis saltem) sat magna. a. Oculi laterales postici a mediis posticis multo longius distantes quam hi inter se. Pedes 1ml paris reliquis longiores. a. Oculi laterales antici ab anticis mediis saepissime evidenter, plerumque dimidio-duplo longius distantes quam hi inter se2. Epeira (Walck.). [beta]. Oculi laterales antici ab anticis mediis non vel paulle tantum longius distantes quam hi inter se. a. Oculi laterales saepissime sat late disjuncti. Abdomen postice in formam coni productum vel ibi tuberculatum. 3. Cyrtophora (Simon). b. Oculi laterales subcontingentes; abdomen cute molli tectum, cylindrato-ovali. 4. Singa (Koch). Pedes 4ti paris reliquis longiores. Abdomen cute duriuscula tectum 5. Cercidia, g. n. b.Oculi laterales postici non vel (in [male]) parum longius a mediis posticis distantes quam hi inter se. 6. Zilla (Koch). B. Marillae dimidio-duplo vel ultra longiores quam latiores. 1.Series oculorum anticorum fortiter recurva; oculi laterales sub-contingentes. 7. Meta (Koch). 2.Series oculorum anticorum subrecta; oculi laterales disjuncti. 8. Tetragnatha (Lat.). II. Organum inframamillare adest; metatarsi postici calamistro instructi. Subf. II. ULOBORINAE. A.Series oculorum antica margini frontis proxima, procurva, postica recurva 9. Uloborus (Lat.). B. Oculi a margine frontis longe remoti, spatium magnum occupantes; series antica procurva, postica recurva, longa. 10. Hyptiotes (Walck.). The type of Argiope is A. lobata (Pall.), and the genus also includes A. brunnichii (Scop.)=fasciata (Oliv.), and probably Ep. ambagiosa (Walck.), which is referred by Simon to Nephila. The type of Epeira is E. diademata (Cl.); the values of the genera established at the expense of Epeira are discussed by the author (pp. 53-56). The type of Cyrtophora is Ep. opuntioe (Duf.); it includes also A. conica (Pall.), for which Menge has established the genus Cyclosa, which falls, as later in date than Cyrtophora. Of Simon {\textquoteright}s Cyrtophoroe the author rejects Ep. mexicana (Luc.), Ep. paradoxa (Luc.), probably a Cyrtarachne (Thor.)=Cyrtogaster (Keys.), and E. mitralis (Vins.), which belongs to Coerostris (Thor.), including also C. tuberculata (Vins.) and C. imperialis (Walck.). The type of Singa is A. hamata (Cl.). Cercidia is proposed instead of Cerceis (Menge), the latter name being previously employed; its type is Ep. prominens (Westr.). Zilla has for its type A. x-notata (Cl.)=calophylla (Walck.); it includes also Z. montana (Koch) and Ep. atrica (Koch). The type of Meta is Ep. menardi (Lat.); it includes also M. merianoe and M. muraria (Koch), and A. segmentatus (C1.)=reticulata (Linn.). Tetragnatha has for its type A. extensa (Linn.). The type of Uloborus (=Phillyra, Hentz=Veleda, Blackw.) is U. walckenaerii (Lat.); it includes U. latreillii and U. coatoe (Thor.). The type of Hyptiotes (Uptiotes, Walck.) is Mithras paradoxus (Koch); and the position of this genus is discussed at great length (pp. 67-71). THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) proposes to divide this order (which he calls Araneae) into 7 suborders, nearly corresponding to the families of Latreille, namely the Orbitelariae, Retitelariae (=Inaequitelae, Lat.), Tubitelariae, Territelariae, Citigradae, Laterigradae, and Saltigradae. These include in all 22 families (16 of which are represented in Europe), of which the author gives a scheme or diagram showing their mutual relations in accordance with the hypothesis of evolution-that is to say, on the principle of "propinquity of descent, " which he regards, with Darwin, as the sole cause of the similarity of organic beings. This diagram we cannot reproduce here; but its general indications may be understood from the following statement. The whole genealogical tree of the true Spiders springs from the Opiliones; it forms two branches, one of which is simple, the other very complex. The simple branch bifurcates, leading to the families Enyoidae and Scytodoidae; from the latter spring the Theridioidae, and from these again the Epeiroidae. The direct line of the second branch forms the family Filistatoidae; but the families Urocteoidae and Omanoidae (=OEcobiidae, Blackw.) are supposed to be given off from this branch before the discrimination of the Filistatoidae. From the latter springs a branch which gives off the Dysderoidae close to its origin, and leads up directly, after a longish interval, to the Theraphosoidae (=Mygalidae); and from these the Catadysoidae (founded for Catadysas, Hentz) spring on one side, pointing towards the Thomisoidae, and the Liphistioidae (founded for the genus Liphistius, Schiodte) on the other, pointing in the direction of the Phrynoidae. Another branch, originating from the Filistatoidae, bifurcates near its base into the Hersilioidae and Drassoidae; from the latter spring directly the Agalenoidae, Thomisoidae, and Lycosoidae, and from the last the Oxyopoidae, pointing towards the Saltigrade group. The Saltigradae likewise spring from the Drassoidae; their direct line terminates in the Myrmecioidae, and gives off the Attoidae; another branch is formed by a new family, Othiothopoidae (founded by the author for the reception of M{\textquoteright}Leay{\textquoteright}s genus Othiothops); a third branch bifurcates and bears the families Dinopoidae and Eresoidae. These 22 families are placed by the author in his suborders as follows:-I. ORBITELARIAE: I. Epeiroidae; II. RETITELARIAE: 2. Theridioidae, 3. Scytodoidae, 4. Enyoidae; III. TUBITELARIAE: 5. Urocteoidae, 6. Omanoidae, 7. Hersilioidae, 8. Agalenoidae, 9. Drassoidae, 10. Dysderoidae, 11. Filistatoidae; IV. TERRITELARIAE: 12. Theraphosoidae, 13. Liphistioidae, 14. Catadysoidae; V. LATERIGRADAE: 15. Thomisoidae; VI. CITIGRADAE: 16. Lycosoidae, 17. Oxyopoidae; VII. SALTIGRADAE: 18. Myrmecioidae, 19. Othiothopoidae, 20. Dinopoidae, 21. Eresoidae, 22. Attoidae. The Spiders of this family are referred by Thorell (European Spiders, part I.) to his suborder Retitelariae, which is chiefly made up of the Theridiidae. For convenience, and in order to keep Thorell{\textquoteright}s results as much as possible together, the analysis of the whole of this suborder is given under the last-mentioned family. THORELL{\textquoteright}s suborder Citigradae (European Spiders, part I.) corresponds with this group, and is divided by him into the following two families:-I. LYCOSOIDAE: Oculi in series transversas tres vel duas dispoaiti; oculi 4 posteriores in trapezium postice latius, vel in lineam fortiter recurvam dispositi. II.OXYOPOIDAE: Oculi in series transversas 4 vel 3 dispositi; oculi 4 posteriores in trapezium postice angustius vel in seriem procurvam dispositi. The type of Micrommata is A. virescens (Cl.); the species placed under this genus by Hentz do not belong to it; Sparassus has S. argelasii (Walck.)=Ocypete tersa (Koch) as its type; Heteropoda is represented by A. venatoria (Linn.)=Olios leucosios (Walck.); Selenops has only S. homalosoma (Duf.) in Europe; the type of Philodromus is A. aureolus (Cl.); that of Thomisus is T. abbreviatus (Walck.)=T. diadema (Hahn); Misumena has A. vatius (Cl.)=A. citrea (De G.) as its type, and includes A. truncata (Pall.)=horrida (Fab.), T. lateralis (Koch), and T. villosus (Lat.); the type of Xysticus is X. kochii, sp. n.=X. viaticus (Koch nec Linn.), and the genus includes also A. viatica (Linn.)=X. audax (Koch), and Thom. claveatus (Walck.), and T. scabriculus (Westr.) forming part of Oxyptila (Sim.); Anetes, of which the author makes a distinct subfamily, includes only one species, A. caeletrum (Menge). THORELL (European Spiders, i. p. 109) divides his suborder Tubitelariae into the following six families:- I. Stigma tubi trachealis utrinque pone stigma sacci trachealis in latere ventris non adest. A. Tarsi articulo unguifero aucti; mamillae superiores reliquis multo longiores, articulis trinis aut binis: subtus tubulis textoriis praeditae; series oculorum 8 ambae recurvae; tarsorum ungues trini. II. HERSILIOIDAE. B. Tarsi articulo unguifero distincto carentes. 1. Pars cephalica impressionibus lateralibus a parte thoracica saepissime distincta; mamillae superiores inferioribus plerumque multo longiores. a. Cephalothorax brevis, subreniformis vel inverse cordatus, parte cephalica parva; matmillae superiores reliquis multo longiores, artic. binis, 2de longo, compresso; mandibulae parvae, debiles; maxillae in labium valde inclinatae; oculi 8; tarsorum ungues trini. I. UROCTEOIDAE. b.Cephalothorax oblongus, parte cephalica majore, saepissime elevata, convexa; mamillae superiores reliquis plerumque longiores et tum subtus tubulis textoriis praeditae; oculi 8, rarissime O; tarsorum ungues trini (exc. in Agraeca). III. AGALENOIDAE. 2.Pars cephalica a parte thoracica non distincta; mamillae superiores inferioribus non vel parum longiores. a.Mandibulae inter se liberae, ungue mediocri vel longo; labium non cum sterno coalitum; oculi 8, rarissime (in gen. Thysa) 6; ungues tarsorum bini IV. DRASSOIDAE. b.Mandibulae versus basin interse unitae; labium cum sterno coalitum; oculi 8; ungues tarsorum trini.VI. FILISTATOIDAE. II. Stigmata 4, bina in utroque latere ad basin ventris; oculi 6, rarissime (in Stalita) O; ungues tarsorum trini aut bini. V. DYSDEROIDAE. Thorell {\textquoteright}s family Filistatoidae includes only the genus Filistata. Under his suborder Tubitelariae THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) includes six families, the characters of which will be found under Drassidae (p. 152). The first two families, which are newly established by Thorell, may be referred to in this place. The Urocteoidae, according to the author, "stand just upon the boundary-line between Tubitelariae and Retitelariae; " they include:-1. Urocta (Duf.)=Clotho (Walck.), the latter name previously employed: Oculi omnes rotundati, convexi; cephalothorax subreniformis; pedes robusti; mamillae superiores subtus tubulis textoriis vestiti; type Clotho durandi (Walck.); and 2. OEcobius (Luc.): Oculi intermedii postici subtrianguli, deplanati; cephalothorax inverse subcordatus; pedes graciliores; type OE. domesticus (Luc); also includes OE. annulipes (Luc.); both species possess eight eyes. THORELL{\textquoteright}s Amaurobiinoe nearly correspond with the Ciniflonidoe of Blackwall after the removal of those genera, such as Veleda, which agree with Ciniflo only in possessing an inframamillary organ and a calamistrum. The type of Dictyna is A. arundinacea (Linn.); Lethia includes only Ciniflo humilis (Blackw.)=L. varia(Menge); and the type of Amaurobius (=Ciniflo, Blackw.) is A. fenestralis (Strom)=atrox (De G.). Of the Agaleninoe, Cyboeus includes C. tetricus and angustiarum (L. Koch); the type of Coelotes is C. saxatilis (Blackw.); the type of Tegenaria is T. civilis (Walck.), and the genus includes most of the species referred to Philoica, the relations of which are discussed (p. 130); Hahnia has for its type Ag. montana (Blackw.)=H. pusilla (Koch), and includes Ag. elegans (Blackw.) and other species; Agalena (changed from Agelena on etymological grounds) has as its type A. labyrinthica (Cl.); the type of Textrix is A. denticulate (Oliv.)=T. lycosina (Sund.); Hadites (Keys.) includes only H. tegenarioides (Keys.); the type of Agroeca is Agel. brunnea (Blackw.)=linotina (Koch). The Argyronetinoe require no notice. THORELL{\textquoteright}s Theridioidae include the following European genera:-I. Abdomen petiolo longo, nodoso cum cephalothorace unitum. 2. Formicina (Canestr.). II. Petiolum brevissimum, angustum. A. Oculi non in tres turmas dispositi, neque inter se valde inaequales. 1. Oculi laterales inter se spatio minore disjuncti, quam quo distant medii antici a mediis posticis. a.Pedes aculeis sparsis armati. Oculi medii in trapezium antice angustius dispositi. ?. Oculi medii antici a margine clypei spatio non breviore distantes, quam quo a mediis posticis distant. 6. Linyphia (Lat.). ?. Oculi medii antici a margine clypei multo minus distantes, quam quo a mediis posticis distant. 5. Tapinopa (Westr.). Oculi medii in quadratum dispositi. 10. Ero (C. Koch). b. Pedes aculeis carentes (rarissime serie aculeorum subtus instructis).Mandibulae femore plus duplo crassiores, usque a basi divergentes. 1. Pachygnatha (Sund.). Mandibulae non vel apice tantum divergentes. ?. Mandibulae non vel parum crassiores quam femora anteriora; maxillae paralleliter porrectae; pedum prop. 1, 2, 4, 3. 4. Argyrodes (Sim.). ?. Mandibulae plerumque femore crassiores et apice divergentes; pedum prop. 4, 1, 2, 3. a. Maxillae subparallelae vel in labium inclinatae, ad basin non vel parum latiores 8. Walckenaera (Blackw.). b. Maxillae ad basin valde dilatatae. 7. Erigone (Sav. \& Aud.). Mandibulae saepissime femore angustiores et subcylindratae; maxillae plerumque in labium fortiter inclinatae. a. Oculi laterales contingentes. a.Oculi medii trapezium antice duplo angustius formantes, maxillae latae 9. Nesticus, g. n. b.Oculi medii aream antici non vel parum angustiorem quam postici occupantes; maxillae plerumque angustae et sub-lineares. aa. Spatium inter oculos posticos medios et laterales duplo circiter majus, quam spatium, quo distant oculi medii inter se 11. Phyllonethis, g. n. bb. Spatium inter oculos posticos medios et laterales non vel paullo tantum majus, quam quo distant illi inter se. Series oculorum postica, desuperne visa, procurva vel subrecta. aa. Oculi minores 13. Theridium (Walck.). bb. Oculi majores. 14. Steatoda (Sund.). Series oculorum posticorum, evidenter recurva. aa. Pedes 1ml paris reliquis longiores; abdomen subglobosum12. Dipoena, g. n. bb. Pedes 4ti paris reliquis longiores; series oculorum posticorum fortiter recurva; abdomen ovatum. 17. Euryopis (Menge). ?. Oculi laterales disjuncti. a. Spatium inter oculos anticos medios et laterales vix majus, quam spatium quo distant laterales inter se. 3. Episinus (Walck.). b.Spatium inter oculos anticos medios et laterales multo majus, quam quo distant hi inter se. aa. Clypeus humilior; oculi medii in rectangulum dispositi. 15. Lithyphantes, g. n. [beta][beta]. Clypeus altus; oculi medii aream antice paullo angustiorem occupantes 18. Asagena (Sund.). 2. Oculi in duas series subparallelas dispositi. 16. Lathrodectus (Walck.). B. Oculi in tres turmas dispositi, duas laterales ex oculis trinis magnis constantes, tertiam ex oculis duobus minutissimis inter illas sitis. 19. Pholcomma, g. n. Of Pachygnatha the type is P. clerckti (Sund.), and of Formicina, F. mutinensis (Canest.); the type of Episinus is E. truncatus (Walck.), that of Argyrodes is A. epeirae (Sim.)=Linyphia argyrodes (Walck.), and that of Tapinopa is Linyphia longidens (Reuss). Linyphia has for its type A. triangularis (Cl.), and to it Thorell restores all the species which have lately been formed into new genera especially by Menge, with the exception of A. cellulanus (C1.), of which he makes the type of a new genus. Neriene (Blackw.) consists of species which Thorell refers to Linyphia, Walckenaera, and Erigone. The type of Erigone is E. vagans (Sav. \& Aud.). Walckenaera, which has for its type W. acuminata (Blackw.)=Erigone cornuta (Reuss); includes many of the genera proposed by Menge. Ero has for its type A. tuberculata (De G.); E. saxatilis (Koch) is a Theridium. Of Theridium, as restricted by him, Thorell regards A. sisyphium (Cl.) as the type; the genus corresponds to Walckenaer {\textquoteright}s third family. Steatoda has as ita type A. castaneus (C1.), and is very nearly synonymous with Eucharia (C. Koch). The type of Lathrodectus is A. 13-guttata (Rossi), and that of Euryopis, Micryphantes flavo-maculatus (Koch); the latter genus also includes Therid. laetum (Westr.) and T. acuminatum (Luc). Asagena has as its type Ph. phaleratum (Panz.). In Thorell {\textquoteright}s family Scytodoidae, the genus Pholcus has Aranea pluchii (Scop.) for its type, and Spermophora (=Rachus, Walck.) has S. meridionalts (Hentz). Scytodes is represented by S. thoracica (Lat.) and Loxosceles (=Omosites, Walck.) has as its type L. citigrada (Hein. \& Lowe), and includes Scytodes rufescens (Duf.). The Enyoidae include only the genera Zodarium and Enyo, the former having as its type Enyo longipes (Sav. \& Aud.) and including E. graeca (Koch) and E. occitanica (Dog.), which may all form one species; and the type of the latter being E. nitida (Sav. \& Aud.), with which E. germanica (Koch) is probably identical, and a second (or third) species, E. italica (Canestr.). E. amaranthina (Luc.) ought probably to form the type of a third genus.},
	keywords = {(Blackw.) = Ox. littoralis (Sim.) as its type, (C. Koch), (Cambr.)]., (Cl.), (Cl.) the type of Ctenus is Ctenus dubius (Walck.) Peucetia substitued, (Cl.)]., (De G.), (Keys. nec, (Koch), (Koch), (See Table, p. 148.) Type, Attus formicaeformis, (Luc.)]., (Linn.)]., (Luc.)]., (Luc), (Panz.)]., (Rossi), (see p. 156)]., (See Table, p. 149.) Type, A. sanguinolenta, (Linn.)]., (See Table, p. 151.) Type, A. margaritatus, (Cl.)]., (Sund.), (Walck.), (Walck.)]., (Westr.), = Aulonia alacris, = Aulonia silvicola, = Stalita taenaria, 13-guttata, 151.) Type, Xysticus depressus, (Koch)]., 4-guttatum, (Hahn), = Amaurobius kochii, (Auss.), =?, Ther. obscurum,, A. cellulanus - (Cl.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., A. corollota, acuminatum, Aelurops (Araneae): [Gen nov, Agalenoidae, Agalenoidae (Araneae)., Agelena, Agelena (Araneae)., Agelena celans, Agelena celans (Araneae)., Agelenidae, Agelenidae (Araneae)., Agelenidae gracilipes - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Agelenidae spinimana - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Agroeca, Agroeca - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Amaurobiinae, Amaurobiinae (Araneae)., Amaurobius, Amaurobius - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Amaurobius kochii - (Auss.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., and Oxyopes has O., Anyphaena, Anyphaena (Araneae)., Apostenus, Apostenus - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Apostenus saxatilis - (Auss.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Araneae, Araneae (Arachnida)., Arctosa, Arctosa (Araneae)., Argenna (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Argenna mengei (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type, sp. n., p. 123, Upsal]., Argyrodes, Argyrodes - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes 13-guttata - (Rossi) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes castaneus - (Cl.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes epeiroe - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes sisyphium, Argyrodes sisyphium - (Cl.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes triangularis - (Cl.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes tuberculata - (De G.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyroneta - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Artanes (Araneae): [Gen nov, as its, Asagena, Asagena - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Atea melanogaster, Atea melanogaster - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attoidae, Attoidae (Araneae)., Attus, Attus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus cupreus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus formicaeformis - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus frontalis - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus heterophthalmus - (Reuss) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus lucasii - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus piceus - (Sulzer) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Atypus, Atypus - (Latr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Aulonia (Araneae)., Aulonia [Zoology / / The type of, Aulonia alacris - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Aulonia ruricola, Aulonia ruricola - (De G.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Aulonia silvicola - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Avicularia, Avicularia - (Lam.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ballus, Ballus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Biology, Caelotes - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., castaneus, Cercidia (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Chiracanthium, Chiracanthium - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ciniflo, Ciniflo - Blackw. (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ciniflo humilis - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Citigradae, Citigradae (Araneae)., Clubiona - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Clubiona domestica - (Reuss) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Coelotes, Coelotes (Araneae)., Coriarachne (Araneae): [Gen nov, Cryphoeca (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Cteniza, Cteniza (Araneae)., Ctenus, Ctenus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ctenus dubius - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Cyclosa, Cyclosa (Araneae)., Cyrtarachne - (Thor.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Cyrtauchenius (Araneae): [Gen nov, Cyrtocephalus, Luc.) (See Table, p. 145.) Type, C. walckenaerii,, Cyrtophora, Cyrtophora - (Simon) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Deinopis, Deinopis (Araneae)., Dendryphantes, Dendryphantes - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Diaea (Araneae): [Gen nov, Dictyna, Dictyna - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Dipoena (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Dipoena [Zoology / / pp. 77 \& 91, Dolomedes, Dolomedes - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Dolomedes spinimanus - (Duf.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassidae, Drassidae (Araneae)., Drassodes - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus, Drassus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus ater - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus fulgens - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus lucifugus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus praelongipes - (Cambr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus subniger - (Cambr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Dysdera, Dysdera - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Dysderoidae, Dysderoidae (Araneae)., Episinus, Episinus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Episinus truncatus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Eresus, Eresus (Araneae)., Eresus calophylla - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Eresus fasciata - (Oliv.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Eresus faustum - (Hentz) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Eresus reticulata - (Linn.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Erigone, Erigone (Araneae)., Ero - (C. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero [Zoology / / Argyrodes tuberculata, Ero amaranthina - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero germanica - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero groeca - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero italica - (Canestr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero nitida - (Sav. \& Aud.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero occitanica - (Dog.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero saxatilis (Koch), Ero saxatilis (Koch) (Araneae)., Eucharia, Euophrys, Euophrys - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Euryopis, Euryopis (Araneae)., Filistata, Filistata (Araneae)., Filistatoidae, Filistatoidae (Araneae)., for its type, for Pasithea (the latter name being preoccupied) has P. viridis, Gen nov, g. n., p. 133, Type, Agelena, Gen nov, g. n., p. 165, (=, Gen nov, g. n., p. 180, (= Artamus, Koch), Gen nov, g. n., p. 184, (See Table, p. 151.), Gen nov, g. n., p. 186, (See Table, p., Gen nov, g. n., p. 209, = Salticus,, Gen nov, g. n., p. 217, = Philia, (Koch),, Gen nov, g. n., p. 219, (= Dia, and,, Gnaphosa, Gnaphosa - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Hadites - (Keys.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., has, Heliophanus, Heliophanus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Hersilia - (Sav. \& Aud.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Hersilia oraniensis - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Hersilia oraniensis [Zoology / / is made the type of a new genus by, Hersilioidae, Hersilioidae (Araneae)., Hersiliola, Hersiliola (Araneae)., Heteropoda, Heteropoda - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Histopona (Araneae): [Gen nov, Hyptiotes, Hyptiotes - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Idiops - (Perty) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Laterigradae, Laterigradae (Araneae)., Lathrodectus, latter genus also includes, Leptorchestes (Araneae): [Gen nov, Linyphia, Linyphia - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia argyrodes - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia longidens - (Reuss) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Liocranum, Liocranum - (L. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Liphistius - Schiodte (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lithyphantes (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Lithyphantes [Zoology / / pp. 77 \& 91, Loxosceles, Loxosceles - (Lowe) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Loxosceles citigrada - (Hein. \& Lowe) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosa, Lycosa - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosa albimana, Lycosa albimana - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosa apuliae, Lycosa apuliae - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosa lugubris, Lycosa lugubris - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosoidae, Lycosoidae (Araneae)., Marpessa, Marpessa - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Menemerus, Menemerus - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Menemerus falsificus - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., merianoe, Meta, Meta - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Meta merianoe (Araneae)., Meta muraria - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Micrommata, Micrommata - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Micrommata horrida - (Fab.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Micryphantes flavo-maculatus, Micryphantes flavo-maculatus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Misumena, Misumena - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Monaeses (Araneae): [Gen nov, g. n., p. 182, (= Monastes, Luc.) (See, Monases (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Monastes - Luc. (Araneae): [Systematics]., Nemesia, Nemesia - (Say. \& Aud.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Nemesia cellicola - (Sav. \& Aud.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Nephila, Nephila (Araneae)., Neriene - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Nesticus, Nesticus (Araneae): [Gen nov]., New taxa, Nomenclature, Ocyale, Ocyale (Araneae)., Ocyale (Sav. Aud.), Ocyale (Sav. Aud.) (Araneae)., OEcobiidae - Blackw. (Araneae): [Systematics]., OEcobius - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Olios leucosios - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Oonops, Oonops - (Temp.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Oonops pulcher - (Temp.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Opiliones, Opiliones (Arachnida)., Oxyopes, Oxyopes - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Oxyopes by probably belongs to the Mygalidae]., Oxyptila - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Pachygnatha, Pachygnatha (Araneae)., Palpimanus, Palpimanus (Araneae)., Palpimanus P. gibbulus - (Duf.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Parthenia, Koch) (See Table, p. 149.) Type, AElurops v-insignitus,, Peucetia, Peucetia (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Ph. phaleratum, Philaeus (Araneae): [Gen nov, Philodromus, Philodromus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Pholcomma (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Pholcomma [Zoology / / pp. 77 \& 98, Pholcus, Pholcus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phrurolithus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phrurolithus Phrurolithus festivus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phyllonethis, Phyllonethis (Araneae): [Gen nov]., piochardi, (Sim.), and, Xysticus cuneolus, (Koch)]., Pirata, Pirata - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., piraticus (Cl.) and includes P. uliginosus (Thor.) Dolomedes typically, Pythonissa - Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., represented by A. fimbriatus (Cl.) the type of Ocyale is A. mirabilis, rest of Koch{\textquoteright}s genus Arctosa Pirata (= Potamia Ohl ) has for its type A., Retitelariae, Retitelariae (Araneae)., Salticidae, Salticidae (Araneae)., Salticus, Salticus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Salticus - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Salticus brevipes - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Salticus obscurus - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Salticus pulchellus - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Schiodte)]., Scytodoidae, Scytodoidae (Araneae)., Segestria, Segestria - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Selenops, Selenops - (Duf.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Singa - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Sparassus, Sparassus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Sparassus argelasii - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Spermophora, Spermophora - (Hentz) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Stalita, Stalita - (Schiodte) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Stalita schiaedtii (Araneae)., Stalita schiaedtii [Zoology / / p. 156, Stalita taenaria - (Keys. nec Schiodte) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Steatoda, Steatoda - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Systematics, Table, p. 151.) Type, M. paradoxus, (Luc.), Other species, Thom., Tapinopa, Tapinopa (Araneae)., Tapinopa (Westr.), Tapinopa (Westr.) (Araneae)., Tarentula, Tarentula - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tegenaria, Tegenaria - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tegenaria civilis - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Territelariae, Territelariae (Arachnida)., Tetragnatha, Tetragnatha - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Textrix, Textrix - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Textrix montana - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Th. congener, Thanatus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., the, Therid. loetum, Therid. projectum, Theridiidae, Theridiidae (Araneae)., Theridioidae, Theridioidae (Araneae)., Theridium, Theridium - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Theridium 4-guttatum - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Theridium acuminatum - (Luc). (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus, Thomisus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus abbreviatus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus diadema - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus lateralis - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus scabriculus - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus villosus - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Titanaeca (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Titanoeca (Araneae): [Gen nov, g. n., p. 124, Type, Theridium, torpida, (Koch), incl. also, Textrix montana, (Koch)]., Trachelas - (L. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Trechona, Trechona - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., tricuspidata, (Fab.), = Thom. diana, (Walck.)]., Trochosa, Trochosa - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tubitelariae, Tubitelariae (Araneae)., type, type includes T. intricaria Koch also Lyc. leopardus (Sund.) and the, Type, A. dorsata, (Fab.), Other species, A. globosa, (Fab.), and, A., Uloborus, Uloborus - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Uloborus latreillii, Uloborus latreillii (Araneae)., Uloborus walckenaerii - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Uroctea - (Duf.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., variegatus (Lat.) The Brazilian genus Idiops (Perty) combined with, Walckenaera, Walckenaera - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Walckenaera acuminata - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus, Xysticus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus audax - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus cuneolus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus depressus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus kochii (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Xysticus viaticus - (Koch nec Linn.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Yllenus, Yllenus - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Yllenus arenarius - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zilla, Zilla - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zodarium, Zodarium - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zora, Zora - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zora lycaena - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zosis (Araneae)., Zosis [Zoology / / ].},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR00600000052},
	author = {Thorell, T.}
}
@article {436,
	title = {Title unknown.},
	journal = {Arachn de France},
	volume = {iv},
	year = {1879},
	note = {ZOOR01600000058},
	month = {1879},
	pages = {Unpaginated},
	keywords = {[Sp nov]]., 278, fig. 8, Corsica, and, Micariosoma tibiale, p. 280, N. Spain, spp., 280]., Agelenidae (Araneae)., Agelenidae [Zoology / / Bears considerable resemblance (particularly as, Agroeca annulipes (Araneae)., Agroeca annulipes [Zoology / / p. 304, Agroeca lineata, Agroeca lineata (Araneae)., albicans, Algiers, also,, and, and Corsica, and Spain, antiope, Anyphoena albo-irrorata (Araneae)., Anyphoena albo-irrorata [Zoology / / p. 269, Anyphoena conspersa, at 2000-3000 metres, at elevation of 2600, auspex, Basses Alpes, Biology, C. difficilis (Araneae)., C. difficilis [Zoology / / p. 110, candidum, Chiracanthium, Chiracanthium abbreviatum, Chiracanthium abbreviatum (Araneae)., Chiracanthium angulitarse (Araneae)., Chiracanthium angulitarse [Zoology / / p. 252, Chiracanthium candidum, Chiracanthium candidum (Araneae)., Chiracanthium fulvo-testaceum, Chiracanthium fulvotestaceum, Chiracanthium fulvotestaceum (Araneae)., Chiracanthium pennatum, Chiracanthium pennatum (Araneae)., Chiracanthium striolatum (Araneae)., circumspecta, Clubiona diniensis, Clubiona diniensis (Araneae)., Clubiona hilaris (Araneae)., Clubiona hilaris [Zoology / / p. 220, Clubiona juvenis, Clubiona juvenis (Araneae)., Clubiona stigmatica, Clubiona stigmatica (Araneae)., concertor, Corsica, Corsica]., Cybeodes (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Cybeodes testaceus, Cybeodes testaceus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Cyprus, differing, Digne, Digne and Algeria, dimidiatus, Dolomedes ocreata - C. L. Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus, Drassus (Araneae)., Drassus braccatus - L. Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus bulbifer - Cambr. (Araneae): [Systematics, = Drassus braccatus,, E. Pyrenees, E. Pyrenees and mountains, Eastern Pyrenees and Spain, Echemus (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Echemus ambiguus, Echemus ambiguus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., elevation, fig. 10, fig. 11, fig. 12, fig. 13, fig. 14, fig. 15, fig. 16, fig. 18, fig. 20, fig. 21, fig. 22, fig. 23, fig. 24, fig. 25, fig. 26, fig. 28, fig. 31, fig. 6, fig. 7, fig. 8, fig. 9, for, fortuita, France, France and Algeria, France and Corsica, France and Spain, France]., fugax, fulvastra, funerea, Gers, Gironde, Gnaphosa, Gnaphosa alacris, Gnaphosa alacris (Araneae)., Gnaphosa alpica, Gnaphosa alpica (Araneae)., Gnaphosa atramentaria (Araneae)., Gnaphosa atramentaria [Zoology / / p. 169, Gnaphosa hospitalis, Gnaphosa hospitalis (Araneae)., Gnaphosa iberica, Gnaphosa iberica (Araneae)., Gnaphosa inconspecta, Gnaphosa inconspecta (Araneae)., Gnaphosa occidentalis, Gnaphosa occidentalis (Araneae)., Gnaphosa oceanica, Gnaphosa oceanica (Araneae)., Gnaphosa prosperi, Gnaphosa prosperi (Araneae)., Gnaphosa secreta, Gnaphosa secreta (Araneae)., Gnaphosa tetrica, Gnaphosa tetrica (Araneae)., Gnaphosa tigrina, Gnaphosa tigrina (Araneae)., Gt. St. Bernard, Hautes Alpes, holosericea, hospitalis, Hyeres, hypocrita, in N. Spain, L. Koch, p. 136]., larger. Type, Dolomedes ocreata, C. L. Koch, also, Zora media, sp. n.,, Lectoure, Liocranum, Liocranum concolor (Araneae)., Liocranum concolor [Zoology / / p. 292, Liocranum segmentatum, Liocranum segmentatum (Araneae)., Lot-et-Garonne, Lot-et-Garonne and, luteo-micans, metres, Micaria, Micaria breviuscula, Micaria corvina, Micaria guttigera, Micaria movens, Micaria scabra, Micaria scenica, Micaria smaragdula, Micaria spinulosa (Araneae)., Micaria spinulosa [Zoology / / Verzeichniss, Micaria todilla, Micariosoma (Araneae): [Gen nov, g. n., p. 271, Substituted for,, Micariosoma corsicum, Micariosoma corsicum (Araneae)., Micariosoma nigrinum, Micariosoma nigrinum (Araneae)., Micariosoma nigrinum, p. 276, fig. 4, France, Micariosoma corsicum, p., Micariosoma tibiale, Micariosoma tibiale (Araneae)., Miltia - Sim. (Araneae): [Systematics, referred to the, Drassidae, p., Monetier de BrianYon, Mont Leberon and, Morbihan, Mouths of the Rhone, musculus, New taxa, nn., [Sp nov]]., Nomenclature, notably in the position of the eyes. For, Nurnberg, oceanica, Oran, p. 112, p. 114, p. 115, p. 116, p. 120, p. 123, p. 128, p. 129, p. 13, p. 132, p. 14, p. 142, p. 150, p. 152, p. 153, p. 154, p. 156, p. 17, p. 170, p. 175, p. 176, p. 177, p. 179, p. 18, p. 180, p. 183, p. 186, p. 187, p. 19, p. 190, p. 191, p. 206, p. 22, p. 227, p. 23, p. 236, p. 238, p. 25, p. 257, p. 258, p. 259, p. 26, p. 262, p. 263, p. 270, p. 28, p. 293, p. 308, p. 320, p. 322, p. 323, p. 328, pl. xvi. fig. 12, France, Spain, and Italy., [Sp nov]]., p. 47, p. 49, p. 59, p. 61, p. 64, p. 72, p. 73, p. 76, p. 79, p. 80, p. 81, p. 86, p. 88, p. 89, p. 90, p. 91, p. 92, p. 94, p. 95, p. 97, Paris, patricius, Phrurolithus - C. L. Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phrurolithus festivus - C. L. Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phrurolithus festivus, C. L. Koch, p. 275, pl. xvi. fig. 6, and,, Phrurolithus flavitarsis - Luc. (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phrurolithus minimus - C. L. Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phrurolithus minimus, C. L. Koch, p. 277, pl. xvi. fig. 7, Phrurolithus, C. L. Koch, for, Phrurolithus flavitarsis, Luc., p. 273,, pl. xv., pl. xv. fig. 5, pl. xv. fig. 6, pl. xvi, pl. xvi. fig. 22, pl. xvi. fig. 24, pl. xvi. fig. 3, pl. xvi. fig. 9, Plouharnel, Poecilochroa picta (Araneae): [Sp nov, sp. n., p. 160, France and, politus, portator, Prosthesima, Prosthesima (Araneae)., Prosthesima [Zoology / / Intermediate between, Prosthesima antiope, Prosthesima antiope (Araneae)., Prosthesima atro-coerulea, Prosthesima atro-coerulea (Araneae)., Prosthesima callida, Prosthesima callida (Araneae)., Prosthesima circumspecta, Prosthesima circumspecta (Araneae)., Prosthesima civica, Prosthesima civica (Araneae)., Prosthesima fortuita, Prosthesima fortuita (Araneae)., Prosthesima fulvastra, Prosthesima fulvastra (Araneae)., Prosthesima fulvo-pilosa, Prosthesima fulvo-pilosa (Araneae)., Prosthesima fusco-micans, Prosthesima fusco-micans (Araneae)., Prosthesima fusco-rufa, Prosthesima fusco-rufa (Araneae)., Prosthesima fusco-testacea, Prosthesima fusco-testacea (Araneae)., Prosthesima holosericea (Araneae)., Prosthesima larifuga, Prosthesima larifuga (Araneae)., Prosthesima mania, Prosthesima mania (Araneae)., Prosthesima mutabilis (Araneae)., Prosthesima mutabilis [Zoology / / p. 46, Prosthesima oenea, Prosthesima oenea (Araneae)., Prosthesima rubicundula, Prosthesima rubicundula (Araneae)., Prosthesima segrex, Prosthesima segrex (Araneae)., Prosthesima sicula, Prosthesima sicula (Araneae)., Prosthesima suavis, Prosthesima suavis (Araneae)., Prosthesima tantula, Prosthesima tantula (Araneae)., Prosthesima tarsalis, Prosthesima tarsalis (Araneae)., Pyrenees, Pyrenees and Corsica, retusus, Riffelberg, rubidus, S. France ?, secreta, segmentatum, segrex, Sicily, Sos, sp. n, Spain, Spain and Eastern Pyrenees, spp. nn]., striolatum, Syria, Systematics, Tangier, Tephlea (Araneae): [Gen nov]., tetrica, to the spinners) to the, Trachelas (Araneae)., Trachelas [Zoology / / Near, Trachelas agelenoides, Trachelas agelenoides (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Trachelas rayi (Araneae)., Trachelas rayi [Zoology / / p. 284, typhon, Valais, Vallee de la Bleone, Valois, variosus, various French localities and Spain, various localities in France, Vernet-les-bains, vicarius, Villers-sur-mer, Zermatt, Zora, Zora (Araneae)., Zora armillata, Zora armillata (Araneae)., Zora manicata (Araneae)., Zora manicata [Zoology / / p. 318, Zora media (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Zora parallela, Zora parallela (Araneae)., Zora pardalis, Zora pardalis (Araneae)., Zora pardalis [Zoology / / ]., Zoropsis (Araneae): [Gen nov, g. n., p. 327, Allied to, Zora, but much},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR01600000058},
	author = {Simon, E.}
}
@book {440,
	title = {Histoire naturelle des Araignees. (Araneides)},
	series = {Histoire naturelle des Araignees.},
	year = {1864},
	note = {ZOOR00100000021Book
Araneides
},
	month = {1864},
	pages = {pp. 540},
	abstract = {In the absolute dearth of anything like a treatise on the general classification of the Araneida, this work by M. Eugene Simon must be most welcome to naturalists. It contains a complete revision of the modern genera of spiders with a list of the described species, and full descriptions of the appearance and habits of the best-known species of each genus (European types being selected wherever they occur), and concludes with a synonymic catalogue of the European species of Araneida. The latter is defective in some respects, especially from the fact that the author appears to have been quite unacquainted with Mr. Blackwall{\textquoteright}s later papers on Araneida in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, as also with hia fine Monograph of the British Spiders published by the Ray Society, although the first part of the latter appeared in 1861. The descriptions are illustrated with numerous woodcuts representing species of the more characteristic genera, and showing the arrangement of the eyes and other parts from which the generic characters are derived.},
	keywords = {[Zoology / / ]., Agelenidae - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Anyphaena, Anyphaena (Araneae)., Atypus, Atypus (Araneae)., Biology, Ciniflonidae, Ciniflonidae (Araneae)., Drassidae, Drassidae (Araneae)., Drassus, Drassus (Araneae)., Dysdera, Dysdera (Araneae)., Dysderidae - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Filistata, Filistata (Araneae)., Latrodectus, Latrodectus (Araneae)., Linyphia, Linyphia (Araneae)., Linyphiidae, Linyphiidae (Araneae)., Mygale, Mygale (Araneae)., Pholcus, Pholcus (Araneae)., Salticidae, Salticidae (Araneae)., Segestria, Segestria (Araneae)., Sphodros, Sphodros (Araneae)., Systematics, Tegenaria, Tegenaria (Araneae)., Theridiidae, Theridiidae (Araneae)., Theridion, Theridion (Araneae)., Thomisidae, Thomisidae (Araneae).},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR00100000021},
	author = {Simon, Eugene}
}
@article {265,
	title = {Die Spinnen der Schweiz, ihr Bau, ihr Leben, ihre systematische Uebersicht},
	journal = {Neue Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft},
	volume = {xxvii},
	year = {1877},
	note = {ZOOR01400000018},
	month = {1877},
	pages = {pp. 1-321},
	abstract = {An important work. Pt. 1 (pp. 1-27) treats fully upon the structure of spiders; pt. 2 (pp. 27-58) on their life, habits, and economy; pt. 3 (pp. 58-88) on the geographical distribution of those indigenous to Switzerland. The remainder of the work is occupied by descriptions of species. The number of known Swiss spiders is 435: Orbitelarice 54 Retitelariae 92 Tubitelariae 126 Territelariae 1, Thomisidae 54, Lycosidae 53, Attidae 55. These are divided among 7 families and 77 genera. The genera most numerously represented are Epeira, 30 species, Linyphia 24, Theridium (including Phyllonethis, Nesticus, Asagena, Steatoda, and Lithyphantes) 21, Erigone 20, Tegenaria 13, Drassus (and Drassodes) 18, Pythonissa 9, Amaurobius 8, Clubiona 19, Thomisus (including Thomisus, Diaea, Xysticus, Misumena, and Oxyptila) 34, Philodromus 12, Lycosa (iucluding Aulonia, Tarentula, Trochosa, and Lycosa) 43, Heliophanus 12, Attus 14. l6 species are described as new, and belong to the Epeiridae, Theridiidae, Agelenidae, Drassidae, Lycosidae, and Salticidae. The plates contain some excellent, and highly-magnified, details of structure, especially of the male palpi of somo of the species; the various parts of the male palpal organs, and female genital aperture, are also figured in detail. A list is added (pp. 314 \& 315) of 25 species of Swiss Opiliones (Phalangidea) and 8 species of Chernetidae (Pseudo-scorpiones).},
	keywords = {(Pseudo-scorpiones), Agelenidae, Agelenidae (Araneae)., Amaurobius, Amaurobius (Araneae)., Arachnida, Arachnida (Arthropoda)., Asagena, Asagena (Araneae)., Aulonia, Aulonia (Araneae)., Biology, Chernetidae, Chernetidae (Pseudo-scorpiones) (Pseudoscorpionida)., Clubiona, Clubiona (Araneae)., Diaea, Diaea (Araneae)., Drassidae, Drassidae (Araneae)., Drassodes, Drassodes (Araneae)., Drassus, Drassus (Araneae)., Epeira, Epeira (Araneae)., Heliophanus, Heliophanus (Araneae)., Linyphia, Linyphia (Araneae)., Lithyphantes, Lithyphantes (Araneae)., Lycosa, Lycosa (Araneae)., Lycosidae, Lycosidae (Araneae)., Misumena, Misumena (Araneae)., Nesticus, Nesticus (Araneae)., Opiliones (Phalangidea), Opiliones (Phalangidea) (Arachnida)., Oxyptila, Oxyptila (Araneae)., Philodromus, Philodromus (Araneae)., Pythonissa, Pythonissa (Araneae)., Salticidae, Salticidae (Araneae)., Steatoda, Steatoda (Araneae)., Tarentula, Tarentula (Araneae)., Tegenaria, Tegenaria (Araneae)., Theridiidae, Theridiidae (Araneae)., Theridium, Theridium (Araneae)., Thomisidae, Thomisidae (Araneae)., Thomisus, Thomisus (Araneae)., Trochosa, Trochosa (Araneae)., Xysticus (Araneae)., Xysticus [Zoology / / ].},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR01400000018},
	author = {Lebert and Hermann}
}
@book {249,
	title = {Die Arachniden-Familie der Drassiden},
	series = {Die Arachniden-Familie der Drassiden.},
	year = {1866},
	note = {ZOOR00300000041Book
},
	month = {1866},
	pages = {pp. 1-304},
	abstract = {Of this work, which is to be completed in eight parts, the Recorder has received six. It is a monograph of the Spiders belonging to the family Drassidae, with analytical tables of the genera and species. The plates contain figures only of the epigynes and male palpi of the different species. .to the six genera adopted by Koch, and characterizes two groups in the family, namely Cancroides (= Thomisus, Walck.) and Philodromi (= Philodromus and Sparassus, Walck.). He tabulates the genera as follows (l. c. p. 605):- I. Two anterior pairs of legs much longer and stronger than the posterior; upper edge of head transverse, straight, and sharp (CancroidEs, Prach). A. All the eyes of nearly equal size; third pair of legs reaching but little beyond the knees of the second pair .... I. Thomisus. B. Lateral. eyes of first row much larger than the intermediate ones; third pair of legs reaching nearly to apex of tibiae of second pair. 2. Xysticus. II. Legs differing but little in length, nearly of equal strength; upper edge of head obtuse (Philodromi, Prach). A. Abdomen depressed, purse-shaped, or oval. 1. Posterior row of eyes nearly straight; abdomen purse-shaped. 3. Artamus. 2. Posterior row of eyes convex anteriorly; abdomen more or less oval. 4. Philodromus. B. Abdomen elongate-cylindricol or ovate, and convex. Post row of eyes strongly convex anteriorly .. 5. Thanatus. Post, row of eyes strongly concave in front.... 6. Sparassus The number of species described is 21, namely 4 Thomisus, 9 Xysticus, 3 Artamus 2 Philodromus, 1 Thanatus, and 2 sparassus. Details are figured of the following species:-Xysticus viaticus, pl. 6. figs. 1, 2, \& 10-12; Sparassus virescens, figs. 3-5, \& 22-25; Philodromus aureolus, figs. 6 \& 16-18; Thomisus calycinus, figs. 7-9; Artamus laevipes, figs. 13-15; and Thanatus trilineatus, figs. 19-21. .Thus restricted, Koch{\textquoteright}s Drassidae include the following genera, tabulated l. c. p. 2 I Maxillae with an excavation or transvese impression. A. Maxillae excavated throughout their length. 1. Latona, g. n. B. Maxillae with a transverse impression. 1. A toothed plate on the hinder margin of the mandibular groove. 2. Pythonissa (C. Koch). 2. No toothed-plate on the mandibles. a. Median fiasure wanting 3. Micaria (Westr.).=Macaria (C.Koch). b. Median fissure present Posterior row of eyes bent over and broader than the anterior. 4. Drassus (Walck.). Posterior row of eyes straight and not broader than the anterior ..... 5. Melanophora(C.Koch), II. Maxillae) convex, without an impression. A. Eyes in 3 rows (2,4,2) 6. Storrma (Walck). B. Eyee in 2 rows. 1. Posterior row of eyes curved, with the concavity forward, a. A transverse fold on the lower surface of the abdomen. 7. AnyphAEna (Sund.). b. No transverse fold beneath the abdomen. Mandibles with a spine in front at the base. 8. Phrurolithus (C. Koch). Mandibles without a spine. a. First pair of legs longest.. 9. Cheiracnnyhium(O.Koch). ?. Fourth pair of legs longest. a, Patellae of 4 hinder legs spineless, or with only 1 spine behind. Cephalothorox-wrinkled. 10. Hypsinotus, g. n. Cephalothorax smooth. aa. Labium about one-third shorter than maxillae. Clubiona (Walck.). ??. Labium not more than half as long as maxillae. Liocranum. b. Patellae of 4 hinder legs spinous in front, or before and behind. A spine in front on the patellae. 13. AgrOECA. A spine before and behind on the patellae. 14 Lycodrassus. 2. Posterior row of eyes curved, with the convexity forward. a. Legs without spines 15. Trachelas. b. Legs with spines 16. Zora (C. Koch). .The remaining genera, 4 of which appear to be new (Liocranum, Agraeca, Lycodrassus, andTrachelas), are not treated of in the six parts of the work which havo yet reached the Recorder. KOCH (Die Arachn.-Fam. der Drassiden) characterizes this family as follows:-Tarsi without accessory claws; eyes 8, in 2 or 3 rows (in the latter case 2, 4, 2); second pair of legs not longer than the rest. These characters exclude the Agelenidae and Dysderidae, those members of Blackwall{\textquoteright}s family Ciniflonidae which have been placed by authors with the Drassidae, and the genera Sparassus and Argyroneta, the latter referred to this family both by Simon and Blackwall, all of which the author considers to have nothing to do with the present family. Pythonissa. The following new species are described by L. Koch:-P. nwscorum, l. e. p. 14, pl. 1. figs. 9, 10, Europe; P. montana, p. 18, fig. 11, South Germany; P. rvfula, p. 20, figs. 12-14, Sarepta; P. badia, p. 22, fig. 15, Tyrol; P. leporina, p. 27, pl. 2. fig. 19, Transylvania; P. helvetica, p. 29, fig. 20, Engadine; P. sericata, p. 31, figs. 21, 22, Baltimore; P. lapponum, p. 33, figs. 23-25, Lapland; P. molendinaria, p. 47, figs. 34, 35, Caucasus and Dalmatio. Micaria. L. Koch describes the following new species of this genus:-M. cincta, l. c p. 53, pl. 3. figa. 36-38, Orsova; M. nivosa, p. 58, figs. 42, 43, Munich; M. radiata, p. 65, fig. 47, origin unknown; M. romana, p. 67, fig. 48, Rome. Drassus. L. Koch describes the following new species of this genus:-D. nudiui, l c. p. 82, pl. 4. fig. 56, Nuremberg, in houses; D. viator, p. 84, fig. 57, Europe and North Africa; D. dalmatensis, p. 89, fig. 59, Dalmatis; D. his-panus, p. 90, fig. 60, Spain; D. scutulatus, p. 93, fig. 61 (= sericeus, Wider, Walck, and C. Koch, nce Sund. + lucifugus, C. Koch, +fuscus, Westr.), Europe; D. braceatus, p. 97, fig. 63, Nuremberg; D. tennis, p. 101, figs. 65, 66, Dalmatia; D. similis, p. 103, fig. 67, Sicily; D. orientalis, p. 106, pl. 5. fig. 68, Sarepta; D. minusculus, p. 110, fig. 70, South Europe; D. umbratilis, p. 113, fig. 71, Nuremberg; D. striatus, p. 114, fig. 72, Dalmatia; D. Ion-catus, p. 131, figs. 82-84, Sarepta; D. mandibularis, p. 134, pl. 6. fig. 85, Sarepta. Melanophora. Of this genus the following new species are described by L. Koch:-M. eaucasis, l e, p. 144, pl. 6. fig. 87, Caucasus; M. Iongipes, p. 147, figa. 88, 89, Germany; M. conspicua, p. 149, figs. 90-92, Dalmatia and Orsova; M. longinqua, p. 153, fig. 96, Sahara; M. praefiea, p. 155, figs. 97-99, Oraova and Dalmatia; M. lutetiana, p. 157, fig. 100, Paris; M. barbata, p. 161, fgs. 101-103, South Europe and Sahara; M. femella, p. 176, fig. 114, Dalmatia s 2 and Italy; M. serotina, p. 185, pl. 8. figs. 123-125, Germany; M, fuscipes, p. 189, figs. 127-129, Sicily; M. spadix, p. 187, fig. 128, Sahara. Anyphaena. The following new speciea are described by L. Koch:-A. pectorosa, l c. p. 198, pl. 8. figs. 131, 132, Baltimore; A. keyterlinyi, p. 203, figs. 136-138, Bogota; A. stramiinea, p. 207, Bogota; A. bogotensis, p. 209, fig. 139, Bogota, A. tenuis, p. 211, pl. 9. fig. 140, St. Domingo; A. sub-pallida, p. 213, Bogota; A, sabina, p. 214, fig. 141, Sabina Mountains; A, sericea, p. 216, fig. 142, Bogota. Cheiracanthium. Of this genus L. Koch describes as new species:-C. auricomum, l. c. p. 233, pl. 9. figs. 151, 152, Bogota; C. meridianum, p. 235, fig. 153, Bogota; C. tenumimum, p. 237, fig. 154, Dalmatia, Greece, and Algeria; C. tropicum, p. 239, fig. 155, Bogota; C. lanipes, p. 241, Bogota; C. edentulum, p. 247, fig. 157, Mauritius; C. mildei, p. 253, pl. 10. figs. 161-163, Tyrol, Dalmatia, and Caucasus; C. mordax, p. 262, pl. 11. figs. 167, 168, Upolu, Navigator{\textquoteright}s Islands; C. seidlitsis, p. 264, figs. 169-171, Italy; C. insularc, p. 268, fig. 172, Upolu.},
	keywords = {(Blackw.), (C. Koch), (C.Koch), (Cambr.), (Hahn), (Lat. ncc Walck.), (Latr.), (North America P)]., (Sav.), (Sund.), and, M. fastuosa, (O.Koch), = M. fidgent, (Walck.), p. 72]., (Walck.), (Walck.)]., (Walck), (Westr.), (Wid. nee Latr.), (Wid.), ) (Araneae): [Systematics, probably= P., = Clubiona erratica, (Walck.), =. 258.]., = Drassus, = Drassus ater, = Drassus fuscus, = Drassus troglodytes, = Filistata atra, = Melanophora bicolor, = P nigritus, = Phrurohthus, 176, New Granada, H bellator, p. 278, figs. 177, 178, Bogota, H., 274, pl. 11. figs. 174, 175, Mexico, Hypsinotus plumatus, p. 276, fig., Abdomen, Agelenidae, Agelenidae (Araneae)., Anyphaena, Anyphaena (Araneae)., Anyphaena bogotensis, Anyphaena bogotensis (Araneae)., Anyphaena keyterlinyi, Anyphaena keyterlinyi (Araneae)., Anyphaena pectorosa, Anyphaena pectorosa (Araneae)., Anyphaena sabina, Anyphaena sabina (Araneae)., Anyphaena sericea, Anyphaena sericea (Araneae)., Anyphaena stramiinea (Araneae)., Anyphaena sub-pallida, Anyphaena sub-pallida (Araneae)., Anyphaena tenuis, Anyphaena tenuis (Araneae)., Argyroneta, Argyroneta (Araneae)., Artamus, Australia]., Baltimore]., Biology, Cancroides (Araneae)., Cancroides [Zoology / / p. 605, Cancroides sparassus, capito, (Luc.), p. 272, pl. 1. fig. 173. New sp., Hypsinotus raptor, p., chalybeius, p. 280, figs. 179-181, New Granada, H. maculatus, p. 283,, Cheiracanthium, Cheiracanthium (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium auricomum, Cheiracanthium auricomum (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium edentulum, Cheiracanthium edentulum (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium insularc, Cheiracanthium insularc (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium lanipes, Cheiracanthium lanipes (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium meridianum (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium mildei, Cheiracanthium mildei (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium mordax, Cheiracanthium mordax (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium seidlitsis (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium tenumimum, Cheiracanthium tenumimum (Araneae)., Cheiracanthium tropicum, Cheiracanthium tropicum (Araneae)., clavator, Clubiona, Clubiona abbotii (Araneae)., Clubiona abbotii [Zoology / / p. 303, Clubiona erratica - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Clubiona excepta (Araneae)., Clubiona excepta [Zoology / / p. 300, Clubiona fallax - (Walck, Clubiona formicaria - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Clubiona listeri - (Sav.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Clubiona riparia (Araneae)., Clubiona riparia [Zoology / / p. 294, Clubiona virascens - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics, = Cheiciracnithium, Clubionacorticalis, (Walck.), p. 301]., D. micans - (Blackw) (Araneae): [Systematics, and, Macaria formosa, (C., D. relucens - (Lai) (Araneae): [Systematics, Clubiona formicaria,, Drassidae, Drassidae (Araneae)., Drassus, Drassus (Araneae)., Drassus [Zoology / / ] [ / / The following synonymic indications are, Drassus ater, Drassus ater - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus ater - (Latr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus braceatus, Drassus braceatus (Araneae)., Drassus capito - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus clavator - (Cambr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus cognatus, Drassus cognatus - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus dalmatensis, Drassus dalmatensis (Araneae)., Drassus fuscus, Drassus fuscus - (Lat. ncc Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus gnaphosus - ( Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus his-panus, Drassus his-panus (Araneae)., Drassus hrjubris - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus Ion-catus, Drassus Ion-catus (Araneae)., Drassus lapidicola - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus lividus, Drassus lividus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus lucifugus, Drassus lucifugus (Araneae)., Drassus luteseens - (C. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus mandibularis (Araneae)., Drassus minusculus, Drassus minusculus (Araneae)., Drassus montanus, Drassus montanus - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus nudiui, Drassus nudiui (Araneae)., Drassus orientalis, Drassus orientalis (Araneae)., Drassus propinquus - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus rubreus - (Walck) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus scutulatus, Drassus scutulatus (Araneae)., Drassus sericeus, Drassus sericeus (Araneae)., Drassus similis, Drassus similis (Araneae)., Drassus striatus, Drassus striatus (Araneae)., Drassus tennis, Drassus tennis (Araneae)., Drassus troglodytes - (C.Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus umbratilis, Drassus umbratilis (Araneae)., Drassus viator, Drassus viator (Araneae)., Dysderidae, Dysderidae (Araneae)., festivus, figs. 185, 186, Bogota., Liocranum, Agraeca, Lycodrassus, Trachelas]., Filistata atra - (Wid. nee Latr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Filistata incerta, Filistata incerta - (Wid.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Filistata maculata - (Wider) (Araneae): [Systematics, and, Drassus, from which, given by, gnaphosus, ( Walck.), = P. nocturna, (Linn.), p. 37]., Hypsinotus (Araneae): [Gen nov, g. n., p. 270, Known sp., Drassus, Hypsinotus plumatus, Hypsinotus plumatus (Araneae)., Hypsinotus raptor, Hypsinotus raptor (Araneae)., indications, is again cited, is distinct, is distinct from, Koch), = Macaria ptdicaria, (Sund.), p. 62]., laevipes, Latona (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Latona eylindrata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Sp., sp. n., p. 3, Australia.]., lentiginosa, (Koch), p. 41]., Liocranum, Liocranum (Araneae)., listeri, luteseens, mandibularis, Melanophora (Araneae)., Melanophora [Zoology / / ] [ / / furnishes the following synonymic, Melanophora decta, Melanophora subterranea, meridianum, Micaria (Araneae)., Micaria [Zoology / / ] [ / / Drassus hrjubris, Micaria nittra, more, New taxa, Nomenclature, ntitrix, (C. Koch), p. 248, C. dumctorum, (Hehn), = C. carnifex, (Fab.),, origin, H. granadensis, p. 287, fig. 184, New Granada, H. macer, p. 289,, p. 116, p. 120, p. 151, p. 170, p. 182]., p. 229]., p. 60]., p. 79, p. 86, P. muscorum, P. muscorum (Araneae)., Philodromi, Philodromus, Philodromus (Araneae)., Philodromus aureolus, Philodromus aureolus (Araneae)., Philoica notata - (C. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics, is not=, Phrurohthus (Araneae)., Phrurohthus [Zoology / / Drassus propinquus, Phrurolithus romanus (Araneae)., Phrurolithus romanus [Zoology / / p. 225, pl. 12. fig. 182, Bogota, H. rubripes, p. 285, fig. 183, of unknown, probably=, probably= Drassus rubreus, Pythonissafusca - (C. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics, is again raised to, Rome]., seidlitsis, Sparassus, Sparassus - Walck. (Araneae): [Systematics]., Sparassus virescens, Sparassus virescens (Araneae)., specific rank by, p. 36, and said to be identical with]., Storena graeffei (Araneae)., Storena graeffei [Zoology / / p. 192, stramiinea, Systematics, Thanatus, Thanatus (Araneae)., Thanatus trilineatus, Thanatus trilineatus (Araneae)., Thanatus trilineatus]., Thomisus, Thomisus - Walck. (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus calycinus, Thomisus calycinus (Araneae)., Trachelas, Trachelas (Araneae)., Walck, with no expression of doubt as= Drassus lapidicola, Xysticus, Xysticus (Araneae)., Xysticus viaticus, Xysticus viaticus (Araneae)., Xysticus viaticus [Zoology / / ].},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR00300000041},
	author = {Koch, Ludwig}
}
@book {59,
	title = {A History of the Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part ii},
	series = {A History of the Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part ii.},
	year = {1864},
	note = {ZOOR00100000020Book
},
	month = {1864},
	pages = {pp. 210},
	abstract = {The second part of Blackwall{\textquoteright}s British Spiders, published by the Ray Society, completes the most important work on those animals which has appeared for some years. It forms a volume consisting of 384 large 4to pages, and is illustrated with 29 plates, representing the British species of spiders, of the natural size and magnified, with numerous figures of details of structure and of the webs and egg-cocoons of many of the species. The first part, published in 1861, contains an introduction of twelve pages, giving a short description of the anatomical structure of the Araneida, and indicating the terminology employed by the author, and also discussing some general matters in the life-history of the animals, such as the change of skin, the reproduction of lost limbs, the production of the web and formation of the egg-cocoons, and the power of ascending into the air possessed by many species. The work includes the results of Templeton{\textquoteright}s investigations upon the Irish spiders, the MS. of which has been for many years in the possession of the Ray Society; it contains descriptions of many new species and the synonymy of those previously described. The genera are carefully characterized, but the characters of the families are deficient in precision. The classification adopted will be discussed in a subsequent page. The primary division of the Araneida into tribes, adopted by Blackwall (History of Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland), is founded upon the number of eyes. The species with eight eyes constitute the tribe Octonoculina, which includes by far the. greater part of the order; the Senoculina include the species with six eyes; and the Binoculina those with only two. The last-mentioned tribe is formed solely by the genus Nopa (M{\textquoteright}Leay), of which only a single species, is described; the Senoculina include the two families Dysderidae and Scytodidae of Blackwall. This character is evidently most artificial, and the mere suppression of a single pair of ocelli out of eight cannot be regarded as sufficient to warrant the establishment of a family, much less to serve for the primary division of an order. Blackwall, indeed, speaks of its "convenience;" but little can gained even in this respect when we find that, of 315 species described in the present work, 307 belong to one group and only 8 to the other, whilst the disadvantage of separating Dysdera and Segestria from the Drassidae, to which they are manifestly so closely allied, furnishes a strong argument against the adoption of this principle of classification. The arrangement of the families is as follows:- Tribe OCTONOCULINA. Fam. Mygalidae. (Atypus, 1 sp.) Fam. Lycosidae. (Lycosa, 16 sp.; Dolomedes, 3 sp.; Secaerge, 1 sp.; Sphasus, 1 sp.: total 21 sp.) Fam. Sallicidae. (Eresus, 1 sp.; Salticus, 17 sp.: total 18 sp.) Fam. Thomisidae. (Thomisus, 10 sp.; Philodromus, 9 sp.; Sparassus, 1 sp.: total 29 sp.) Fam. Drassidae. (Drassus, 14 sp.; Clubiona, 12 sp.; Argyroneta, 1 sp.: total 27 sp.) Fam. Ciniflonidae. Spinners 8; tarsi 3-clawed; posterior legs with a calamistrum or curling-apparatus of two parallel rows of short, moveable spines. (Ciniflo, 5 sp.; Ergatis, 8 sp.; Veleda, 1 sp.: total 9 sp.) Fam. Agelenidae. (Ayelena, 9 sp.; Tegenaria, 4 sp.; Caelotes, 1 sp.; Textrix, 1 sp.: total 15 sp.) Fam. Theridiidae, (Theridion, 27 sp.; Phelcus, 1 sp.: total 28 sp.) Fam. Linyphiidae. (Zinyphia, 33 sp.; Nerine, 48 sp.; Walckmaera, 33 sp.; Pachygnatha, 3 sp.: total 117 sp.) Fam. Epeiridae. (Epeira, 31 sp.; Tetragnatha, 1 sp.: total 32 sp.) Tribe SENOCULINA. Eam. Dysderidae. (Dysdera, 3 sp.; Segestria, 2 sp.; Schaenobates, 1 sp.; Oonops, 1 sp.: total 7 sp.) Fam. Scytodidae. (Scytodes, 1 sp.) The following known species are described and figured by Blackwall (History of British Spiders, part ii.):- Linyphia montana (Clerck), l. c. p. 211, pl. 15. fig. 138; L. triangularis (Walck.), l. c. p. 212, fig. 139; L. marginata (Blackw.) =resupina (Wider), l. c. p. 213, fig. 140; L. pratensis (Wider), l. c. p. 215, fig. 141; L. fuliginea (Blackw.), l. c. p. 216, fig. 142; L. rubea (Blackw.), l. c. p. 217, fig. 143; L. minuta(Blackw.)(=domestica,Wider), l. c. p. 218, fig. 144; L. cauta(Blackw.), l. c. p. 220, fig. 145; L. vivax (Blackw.), l. c. p. 221, pl. 10. fig. 146; L. socialis (Sund.), l. c. p. 222, fig. 147; L. crypticolens (Walck.), l. c. p. 224, fig. 148; L. alticeps (Sund), l. c. p. 226, fig. 149; L. longidens (Wider), l. c. p. 227, fig. 160; L. frenata (Wider), l. c. p. 228, fig. 151; L. tenuis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 230, fig. 152; L. terrieola (Koch), l. c. p. 231, fig. 153; L. meadii (Blackw.), l. c. p. 232, fig. 154; L. daytonia (Blackw.), l. c. p. 233, fig. 155; L. pulla (Blackw.), l. c. p. 234, fig. 166; L. alacris (Blackw.), l. c. p. 235, pl. 17. fig. 157; L. ericaea (Blackw.), l. c. p. 237, fig. 150; L. insignis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 238, fig. 160; L. pernix (Blackw.), l. c. p. 239; L. nigella (Blackw.), l. c. p. 240; L. albula (Cambr.), l. c. p. 241, fig. 161; L. pulchella (Blackw.), l. c. p. 242; L. furva (Blackw.), l. c. p. 243; L. obscura (Blackw.), l. c. p. 244, fig. 162; L. gracilis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 246, fig. 163; L. tenella (Blackw.), l. c. p. 246, fig. 164; L. circumspecta (Blackw.), ibid., fig. 165; L. flavipes (Blackw.), l. c. p. 247, fig. 166; Neriene marginata (Blackw.), l. c. p. 249, fig. 167; N. bicolor (Blackw.), l. c. p. 260, fig. 168; N. rufipes (Blackw.), l. c.. p. 251; N. livida (Blackw.), l. c.. p. 252, pl. 18. fig. 169; N. furva (Blackw.), l. c. p. 268; N. errant (Blackw.), ibid., fig. 170; N. sylvatica (Blackw.), l. c. p. 254; N. viaria (Blackw.), l. c. p. 255, fig. 171; N. pulla (Blackw.), l. c. p. 266; N. graecilis (Blackw.), ibid., fig. 172; N. vagans (Blackw.), l. c. p. 257, fig. 173; N. dentata (Wider), l. c. p. 268, fig. 174; N. affinis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 269, fig. 176; N. huthwaitii(Cambr.), l. c. p. 260, fig. 176; N. pygmaea (Blackw.), l. c.. p. 261, fig. 177; N. lugubris (Blackw.), ibid.; N. scuratilis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 202; N. avida (Blackw.), l. c. p. 263; N. timida (Blackw.), ibid.; N. flavipes (Blackw.), l. c. p. 264, fig. 178; N. parva (Blackw.), l. c. p. 266, fig. 179; N. munda. (Blackw.), ibid., fig. 180; N. tibialis (Blarkw.), l. c. p. 266; N. cornuta (Blackw.), l. c. p. 267, fig. 181; N. bituberculata (Wider), l. c. p. 268, fig. 182; N. apicata (Blackw.), l. c. p. 269, fig. 183; N. rubens (Blackw.), l. c. p. 270, fig. 184; N. nigra (Blackw.), l. c. p. 271, fig. 185; N. graminicola (Sund.), l. c. p. 272, pl. 19. fig. 186; N. cornigera (Blackw.), l. c. p. 273, fig. 187; N. montana (Blackw.), l. c. p. 278; N. lonyipalpis (Sund.), l. c. p. 274, fig. 188; N. fusca (Blackw.), l. c. p. 275, fig. 189; N. agretis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 276, fig. 190; N. vigilaL (Blackw.), l. c. p. 277, fig. 191; N. gibbosa (Blackw.), l. c. p. 278; N. tuberosa (Blackw.), l. c. p. 270, fig. 102; N. trilineata (Blackw.), ibid., fig. 193; N. rubella (Blackw.) (=isabellina, Koch), l. c. p. 281, fig. 194; N. variegata (Blackw.), l. c. p. 282, fig. 195; N. sulcata (Blackw.), l. c. p. 284; N. herbigrada (Blackw.), l. c. p. 285, fig. 199; N. alnormis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 286, fig. 200; N. rubripes (Blackw.), l. c. p. 287, fig. 201; N. dubia (Blackw.), l. c. p. 288, fig. 202; Walckenaera acuminate (Blackw.) (=camelinus, Koch), l. c.. p. 289, pl. 20. fig. 203; W. cuspidate (Blackw.), l. c. p. 290, fig. 204; W. monoceros (Wider), l. c. p. 291, fig 205; W. hardii (Blackw.), l. c. p. 292, fig. 206; W. unicornis (Cambr.), l. c. p. 293, fig. 207; W. obtusa (Blackw.), l. c. p. 294, fig. 208; W. fuscipes (Blackw.), l. c. p. 296, fig. 209; W. punctata (Blackw.), l. c.. p. 295, fig. 210; W. parallela (Wider), l. c. p. 296, fig. 211; W. obscura (Blackw.) l. c. p. 297, fig. 212; W. flavipes (Blackw.), l. c. p. 298, fig. 213; W. turgida (Blackw.), l. c. p. 299, fig. 214; W. atra (Blackw.), l. c. p. 300, pl. 21. fig. 215; W. aggeris (Cambr.), l. c., p. 301, fig. 216; W. hiemalis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 302, fig. 217; W. bifrons (Blackw.), ibid., fig. 218; W. bicolor (Blackw.), l. c.. p. 303; W. parca (Blackw.), l. c. p. 804, fig. 219; W. exills (Blackw.), l. c. p. 305, fig. 220; W. depressa (Blackw.), l. c. p. 306, fig. 221; W. pratensis (Blackw.), ibid., fig. 222; W. humilis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 307, fig. 223; W. vafra (Blackw.), l. c. p. 308; W. cristata (Blackw.) (= Theridion bicorne,Wider), l. c. p. 309, fig. 224; W. antica(Wider), l. c. p. 310, fig. 225; W. savicola (Camb.), l. c.. p. 311, fig. 226; W. pumila (Blackw.), l. c. p. 312, fig. 227; W. picina(Blackw.), l. c. p. 313, fig. 328; W. fastigata(Blackw.) (Ther. acuminatum, Wider), l. c. p. 314, pl. 22. fig. 229; W. nemoralis (Blackw.), l. c. p. 315, fig. 230; W. ludicra (Cambr.), l. c. p. 316, fig. 231; W. frantata (Blackw.), l. c.. p. 317, fig. 232; Pachygnatha clerckii (Sund.), l. c. p. 318, fig. 233; P. listeri (Sund.), l. c. p. 320, fig. 284; P. degeerii (Sund.), l. c. p. 321, fig. 235.},
	keywords = {Agelenidae, Agelenidae (Araneae)., Argyroneta, Argyroneta (Araneae)., Atypus, Atypus (Araneae)., Biology, Caelotes, Caelotes (Araneae)., Ciniflo, Ciniflo (Araneae)., Ciniflonidae, Ciniflonidae (Araneae)., Clubiona, Clubiona (Araneae)., Dolomedes, Dolomedes (Araneae)., Drassidae, Drassidae (Araneae)., Drassus, Drassus (Araneae)., Dysdera, Dysdera (Araneae)., Dysderidae, Dysderidae (Araneae)., Eresus, Eresus (Araneae)., Linyphia, Linyphia (Araneae)., Linyphia alacris - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia albula - (Cambr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia alticeps - (Sund) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia camelinus - Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia cauta - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia circumspecta - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia claytonoe - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia crypticolens - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia domestica - Wider (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia ericoea - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia flavipes - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia frenata - (Wider) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia fuliginea - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia furva - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia gracilis - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia insignis - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia isabellina - Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia longidens - (Wider) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia marginata - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia meadii - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia minuta - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia montana - (Clerck) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia nigella - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia obscura - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia pernix - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia pratensis - (Wider) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia pulchella - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia pulla - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia resupina - (Wider) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia rubea - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia socialis - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia tenella - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia tenuis - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia terricola - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia triangularis - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia vivax - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphiidae, Linyphiidae (Araneae)., Lycosa, Lycosa (Araneae)., Lycosidae, Lycosidae (Araneae)., Nops - (M{\textquoteright}Leay) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Octonoculina, Octonoculina (Araneae)., Oonops, Oonops (Araneae)., Philodromus, Philodromus (Araneae)., Salticus, Salticus (Araneae)., Scytodidae, Scytodidae (Araneae)., Segestria, Segestria (Araneae)., Sparassus, Sparassus (Araneae)., Sphasus, Sphasus (Araneae)., Systematics, Tegenaria, Tegenaria (Araneae)., Tetragnatha, Tetragnatha (Araneae)., Textrix, Textrix (Araneae)., Theridiidae, Theridiidae (Araneae)., Theridion, Theridion (Araneae)., Theridion bicorne - Wider (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisidae, Thomisidae (Araneae)., Thomisus (Araneae)., Thomisus [Zoology / / ].},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR00100000020},
	author = {Blackwall, John}
}
