@book {513,
	title = {Ant mimicry by spiders and spider-mite interactions preserved in Baltic amber (Arachnida: Acari, Araneae)},
	series = {European Arachnology 2000: 19th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Aarhus, Denmark 17-22 July 2000.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ZOOR14004025280Book chapter; Meeting paper
Aarhus
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {355-358},
	publisher = {Aarhus University Press},
	organization = {Aarhus University Press},
	keywords = {[Tertiary / Eaarly Tertiary / ]., [Tertiary / Early Tertiary / ]., Agelenidae (Araneae): [Host, Agelenidae [Arachnid parasites / Trombidoidea / Host-parasite, Arachnid parasite-host interaction preserved in Baltic amber]., Arachnid predator-prey interaction preserved in Baltic amber]., Caenozoic, Corinnidae (Araneae): [Fossil]., Corinnidae [Mimicry / / Hymenopteran mimicry perserved in Baltic amber], Diet, Ecology, Evolution, Formicidae (Formicoidea): [Fossil]., Formicidae [Mimicry / / Arachnid mimicry perserved in Baltic amber], Fossil]., Geological time periods, host-parasite interaction preserved in Baltic amber]., Hosts, interaction preserved in Baltic amber] [Tertiary / Early Tertiary /, Nutrition, Parasites, Parasites diseases and disorders, Predators, preserved in Baltic amber] [Tertiary / Early Tertiary / Arachnid, Prey, prey-predator interaction preserved in Baltic amber]., Prostigmata (Acari): [Predator, Prostigmata [Arachnid prey / Theridiidae / Predator-prey interaction, Theridiidae (Araneae): [Prey, Theridiidae [Arachnid predators / Prostigmata / Predator-prey, Trombidoidea (Acari): [Parasite, Trombidoidea [Arachnid hosts / Agelenidae / Host-parasite interaction},
	isbn = {87-7934-001-6},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14004025280},
	author = {Wunderlich, J.},
	editor = {Toft, Soren and Scharff, Nikolaj}
}
@article {514,
	title = {Fossil spiders (Araneae) of the family Agelenidae s. str. in Baltic amber},
	journal = {Beitraege zur Araneologie},
	volume = {3B},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101003676},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1483-1488},
	abstract = {The fossil spiders of the family Agelenidae s. str. in Baltic amber are revised, only two questionable genera of the subfamily Ageleninae are recognized: Agelena WALCKENAER 1805 and Tegenaria LATREILLE 1804. ?Tegenaria fragmentum n. sp. and ?Tegenaria obtusa n. sp. are described. Myro extinctus PETRUNKEVITCH 1958 is not a member of the family Agelenidae but probably of the Dictynidae s. I.: Cryphoecinae, Eocryphoeca is transferred to the Dictynidae s. I.: Cryphoecinae, Clythia KOCH \& BERENDT 1854 and Thyelia KOCH \& BERENDT 1854 are dubious genera and most probably not members of the Agelenidae. Cybaeinae and Textrix SUNDEVALL 1830 are unknown from Baltic amber.},
	keywords = {1483]., Agelenidae (Araneae): [Systematics, Fossil taxa in Baltic amber, p., Caenozoic, Described from amber]., Fossil]., Geological time periods, New taxa, Nomenclature, P. 1485, Described from amber, Systematics, Tegenaria? fragmentum, Tegenaria? fragmentum (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Tegenaria? obtusa (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, Tegenaria? obtusa [Tertiary / / New species, Tertiary, P. 1486, Described from amber},
	isbn = {0930-1526},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101003676},
	author = {Wunderlich, Joerg}
}
@article {515,
	title = {Fossil spiders (Araneae) of the family Dictynidae s. l., including Cryphoecinae and Hahniinae in Baltic and Dominican amber and copal from Madagascar, and on selected extant holarctic taxa, with new descriptions and diagnoses},
	journal = {Beitraege zur Araneologie},
	volume = {3B},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101003672},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1380-1482},
	abstract = {A new diagnosis of the family Dictynidae s. I. (Copaldictyninae, Cryphoecinae (?= Cicurininae), Dictyninae, Hahniinae and Mizagallinae) and a key to the fossil and extant holarctic subfamilies and genera are given, the new subfamilies Mizagallinae (known from fossils in Baltic amber and from extant taxa) and Copaldictyninae (known from copal of Madagascar), and the new tribus Hahniini and Antisteini are introduced; Antisteini are unknown from fossils. 15 of 16 fossil genera of the Dictynidae s. I. of the Baltic amber forest are extinct (= about 40\% of all described holarctic genera) and known from this amber forest only, solely members of Mastigusa survived in the nests of ants. - The following fossil taxa are described from Baltic amber: (1) Cryphoecinae: Balticocryphoeca n. gen with its type species B. curvitarsis n. sp., Cryphoezaga n. gen. with its type species C. dubia n. sp., Eocryphoeca PETRUNKEVITCH 1942, E. bitterfeldensis n. sp., E. electrina n. sp., E. falcata n. sp., E. gibbifera n. sp., E. ligula n. sp., E. mammilla n. sp. and E. splendens n. sp., Eocryphoecara n. gen. with ist type species E. abicera n. sp., Gibbermastigusa n. gen. with its type species G. lateralis n. sp., Mastigusa arcuata n. sp., M. bitterfeldensis n. sp., M. laticymbium n. sp., M. magnibulbus n. sp. and M. scutata n. sp., Protomastigusa n. gen. with its type species P. composita n. sp.; Clythia KOCH \& BERENDT 1854 and Thyelia KOCH \& BERENDT 1854 are dubious genera; Eocryphoeca PETRUNKEVITCH 1946 may be a member of the family Agelenidae. No fossil taxon of the Cryphoecinae is known from Dominican amber. (b) Hahniinae: Cymbiohahnia n. gen. with its type species C. parens n. sp., Protohahnia n. gen., P. antiqua n. sp. and P. tripartita n. sp.; Eohahnia PETRUNKEVITCH 1958 and its type species E. succini PETRUNKEVITCH 1958 are revised, the male is described for the first time. No named fossil taxon of the Hahniidae is known from Dominican amber. The following extant taxa of the Hahniinae are described from the Palaearctic Region: Hahniharmia n. gen. with its type species Hahnia picta KULCZYNSKI 1897 and Spinihahnia n. gen. with its type species Hahnia petrobia SIMON 1875; remarks are given on the taxonomy of the extant genera Asiohahnia OVTCHINNIKOV 1992, Hahnia C. L. KOCH 1841 and Iberina SIMON 1881. (3) Dictyninae in Baltic amber: Brommellina n. gen. with its type species B. Iongungulae n. sp., Chelicirrum n. gen with its type species C. stridulans n. sp., Eobrommella n. gen. with its type species E. scutata n. sp., Eodictyna n. gen. with its type species E. communus n. sp., Scopulyna n. gen. with its type species S. cursor n. sp. (4) Mizagallinae n. subfam., Mizagalla n. gen., M. quattuor n. sp., M. tuberculate n. sp.; the extant genus Mizaga SIMON 1898 is regarded as a member of the Mizagallinae, too. - The following (sub)recent taxa are described from copal of Madagascar: Copaldictyninae n. sub-fam. and Copaldictyna n. gen. with its type species C. madagascariensis n. sp. - Synonymy: (a) Fossils in Baltic amber: The synonymy of Arthrodictynidae PETRUNKEVITCH 1942, Auximus sensu PETRUNKEVITCH 1958 and Eolathys PETRUNKEVITCH 1950 - all described from Baltic amber - is shortly discussed. (b) Extants: Altella SIMON 1884 (n. syn.) and probably Hackmania LEHTINEN 1967 (quest. syn.) = Argenna THORELL 1869. - Parthenogenesis is supposed to exist in the extant Hahnia microphthalma SNAZELL \& DUFFEY 1980. Three kinds of stridulatory organs are reported from the Dictynidae s.I.; kleptoparasitism and social life in fossil Hahniinae are shortly discussed; parts of capture webs including cribellate threads are reported from fossil members of the Dictyninae; distinct allometric growth, is re-ported from the male chelicerae of Eodictyna communis; weakly reqenerated legs are reported from Eocryphoeca bitterfeldensis.},
	keywords = {1395, 1396, Described from amber, 1407, Described from amber, 1429]., Africa, Afrotropical region, amber]., Antistea - Simon 1898 (Araneae): [Designated type genus for new tribe,, Antistea Simon 1898, p. 1414]., Antisteini (Araneae): [Tribe nov, Of subfamily Hahniinae, Type genus, Antisteini, p. 1414]., Argenna - Thorell 1869 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Altella Simon 1884, p., Balticocryphoeca, Balticocryphoeca (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type, Balticocryphoeca curvitarsis, Balticocryphoeca curvitarsis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not, bitterfeldensis, Brommellina, Brommellina (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Brommellina longungulae, Brommellina longungulae (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Brommellina longungulae, p. 1432, Tertiary, Caenozoic, characters of subordinate taxa, P. 1387, Chelicirrum, Chelicirrum (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Chelicirrum stridulans (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Chelicirrum stridulans, p. 1433, Tertiary, Combination, composita, Copaldictyna (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of new subfamily Copaldictyninae,, Copaldictyna [Holocene / / New genus]., Copaldictyna madagascariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madagascar, Holocene,, Copaldictyna madagascariensis [Madagascar / / new species, Copaldictyna, p. 1445, Holocene, Copaldictyninae (Araneae): [Subfam nov, Of family Dictynidae, Type genus, Copaldictyninae [Holocene / / New subfamily]., Cryphoecinae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Extant Holarctic taxa \& fossil, Cryphoezaga, Cryphoezaga (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type species, Cryphoezaga dubia, Cryphoezaga dubia (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, Cryphoezaga dubia, p. 1392, Tertiary, Cymbiohahnia, Cymbiohahnia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of tribe Hahniini, Type species, Cymbiohahnia parens, Cymbiohahnia parens (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Cymbiohahnia parens, p. 1423, Tertiary, described, Described from, Described from amber, Described from amber] [Tertiary / / ]., designated, P. 1406]., Diagnosis, Diagnostic, Dictynidae (Araneae): [Systematics, Extant Holarctic taxa \& fossil taxa, Dictynidae, Type species Mizagalla quattuor, p. 1443, Tertiary, Dictyninae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Extant Holarctic taxa \& fossil, Emended diagnosis, Provisional,, Eobrommella, Eobrommella (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Eobrommella scutata, Eobrommella scutata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eobrommella scutata, p. 1435, Tertiary, Eocryphoeca - Petrunkevitch 1958 (Araneae): [Key to species, Males, p., Eocryphoeca bitterfeldensis, Eocryphoeca bitterfeldensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Germany, Tertiary, P., Eocryphoeca electrina, Eocryphoeca electrina (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoeca falcata, Eocryphoeca falcata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Germany, Tertiary, P. 1397,, Eocryphoeca gibbifera, Eocryphoeca gibbifera (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoeca ligula, Eocryphoeca ligula (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoeca mammilla, Eocryphoeca mammilla (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoeca splendens, Eocryphoeca splendens (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoecara, Eocryphoecara (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type, Eocryphoecara abicera, Eocryphoecara abicera (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eodictyna, Eodictyna (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Eodictyna communis, Eodictyna communis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eodictyna communis, p. 1437, Tertiary, Eurasia, Europe, family Dictynidae, Type species Copaldictyna madagascariensis, p. 1447,, fossil \& extant Holarctic taxa, p. 1415]., Fossil taxa in Baltic amber, p. 1405]., Fossil]., from copal] [Holocene / / ]., from Hahnia, p. 1420]., from Hahnia, p. 1422]., genus, Spinihahnia, p. 1421]., Geological time periods, Gibbermastigusa, Gibbermastigusa (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type, Gibbermastigusa lateralis, Gibbermastigusa lateralis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, given, Tertiary, P. 1391, Described from amber, Hackmania - Lehtinen 1967 (Araneae): [Status, P. 1429]., Hahnia petrobia - Simon 1875 (Araneae): [Designated type species for new, Hahnia picta - Kulczynski 1897 (Araneae): [Designated type species for, Hahniharmia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of tribe Hahniini, Type species Hahnia, Hahniharmia picta - (Kulczynski 1897) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Transferred, Hahniini (Araneae): [Diagnosis, P. 1415, Halocryphoeca - Caporiacco 1934 (Araneae): [Referred to, New subfamily, Holocene, in Baltic \& Dominican amber \& Madagascan copal, p. 1380, Key, Key to genera, Provisional,, Key to subfamilies, Selected taxa, p. 1386]., Land zones, Mastigusa, Mastigusa - Menge in Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Key to species,, Mastigusa acuminata - Menge in Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Neotype, Mastigusa arcuata, Mastigusa arcuata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, Mastigusa bitterfeldensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Germany, Tertiary, P., Mastigusa laticymbium, Mastigusa laticymbium (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Mastigusa magnibulbus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Germany, Tertiary, P. 1409,, Mastigusa magnibulbus [Germany / / new species, Mastigusa scutata, Mastigusa scutata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, material, Mizaga - Simon 1898 (Araneae): [Referred to, New subfamily Mizagallinae,, Mizagalla, Mizagalla (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of new subfamily Mizagallinae, family, Mizagalla quattuor, Mizagalla quattuor (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Mizagalla tuberculata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Mizagalla, p. 1443]., Mizagallinae (Araneae): [Subfam nov, Of family Dictynidae, Type genus, Mizagallinae, p. 1443]., Neoantistea - Gertsch 1934 (Araneae): [Referred to, New tribe, new genus, Hahniharmia, p. 1420]., New taxa, Nomenclature, p. 1385, P. 1393, Described from amber, P. 1407, Described from amber, P. 1410, Described from amber, P. 1440, Described from amber, p. 1443]., P. 1447, Described from copal, Palaearctic region, petrobia Simon 1875, p. 1421]., picta Kulczynski 1897, p. 1420]., position, Protohahnia, Protohahnia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of tribe Hahniini, Type species, Protohahnia antiqua, Protohahnia antiqua (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Protohahnia antiqua, p. 1426, Tertiary, Protohahnia tripartita, Protohahnia tripartita (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Protomastigusa, Protomastigusa (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type, Protomastigusa composita (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Quaternary, Scopulyna (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Scopulyna [Tertiary / / New genus]., Scopulyna cursor (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, Scopulyna cursor [Tertiary / / New species, Scopulyna cursor, p. 1439, Tertiary, species Balticocryphoeca curvitarsis, p. 1390, Tertiary, species Eocryphoecara abicera, p. 1401, Tertiary, species Gibbermastigusa lateralis, p. 1403, Tertiary, species Protomastigusa composita, p. 1411, Tertiary, Spinihahnia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of tribe Hahniini, Type species Hahnia, Spinihahnia petrobia - (Simon 1875) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Transferred, stridulans, Synonymy, Systematics, taxa in Baltic amber, males, p. 1430]., taxa in Baltic amber, p. 1388]., Taxonomic, Taxonomy, Tertiary, P. 1396, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1398, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1399, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1400, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1402, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1403, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1408, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1412, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1423, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1426, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1427, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1432, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1434, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1436, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1437, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1443, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1444, Described from amber, tuberculata, type, Type genus, Type species},
	isbn = {0930-1526},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101003672},
	author = {Wunderlich, Joerg}
}
@article {516,
	title = {Spiders (Araneae) of the extinct family Insecutoridae Petrunkevitch 1942 in Baltic amber},
	journal = {Beitraege zur Araneologie},
	volume = {3B},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101003678},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1523-1531},
	abstract = {The relationships of the dubious extinct spider family Insecutoridae PETRUNKEVITCH 1942 (Araneae) from Baltic amber are discussed, ?Insecutor pecten n. sp. and Insecutor spinifer n. sp. in Baltic amber are described.},
	keywords = {Agelenidae (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, P. 1525]., Argyronetidae (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, P. 1525]., Caenozoic, Cybaeinae (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, P. 1525]., Described from amber]., Diagnosis, Diagnostic characters, P. 1525, Fossil]., Geological time periods, in Baltic amber, p. 1523, Insecutor? pecten, Insecutor? pecten (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, Insecutor? spinifer (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Insecutor? spinifer [Tertiary / / New species, Insecutoridae - Petrunkevitch 1942 (Araneae): [Systematics, Fossil taxa, New taxa, Nomenclature, P. 1526, Described from amber, Systematics, Tertiary, P. 1527, Described from amber},
	isbn = {0930-1526},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101003678},
	author = {Wunderlich, Joerg}
}
@article {389,
	title = {An outline morphometric approach to identifying fossil spiders: A preliminary examination from the Florissant Formation},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Special Paper},
	volume = {435},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ZOOR14609064889},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {105-116},
	abstract = {Using available shape characters we conducted an outline morphometric analysis to make family-level identifications of fossil spiders from the Florissant Formation in Colorado. In this analysis we used carapace shape because it is a character that can be observed on most fossil spiders, and we also used linear leg characters. All measurements were first made on 202 modern spiders from eight families found in localities similar to the fossil lake environment. A multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) of the eigenshape axes was used to predict family placement among the modern data set to test the accuracy of the predictions. The modern spider families that were predicted correctly most often were the Salticidae (91.2\%), Linyphiidae (80\%), Dictynidae (76.5\%), Tetragnathidae (68.2\%), Clubionidae (66.7\%), and Araneidae (65.5\%). Families that produced less successful results were the Agelenidae (46.7\%) and the Lycosidae (39.1\%). Forty-three fossil spiders from Florissant were then added to the model to determine their family placement. All fossils were placed into modern families with varying degrees of accuracy. Only 42\% of our identifications agree with those made by previous authors, but it is likely that these specimens were originally misidentified. With the addition of more taxa and characters, we believe that an outline morphometric approach shows great promise for helping to identify fossil taxa that are lacking traditional taxonomic characters.},
	keywords = {] [Colorado / Florissant Formation / ] [Eocene / Upper Eocene / ]., Araneae (Arachnida): [Fossil]., Araneae [Identification techniques / Outline morphometric approach to, Biometrics, Caenozoic, Geological time periods, identification / ] [Palaeontological techniques / / ] [Biometrics / /, Land zones, Nearctic region, North America, Palaeogene, Techniques, Tertiary, USA},
	isbn = {0072-1077},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14609064889},
	author = {Roberts, April Kinchloe and Smith, Dena M. and Guralnick, Robert P. and Cushing, Paula E. and Krieger, Jonathan}
}
@article {26,
	title = {Molecular evidence for Pleistocene glacial cycles driving diversification of a North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101006872},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {3453-3465},
	abstract = {The influence of historical climatic vs. geological changes on species diversification patterns was investigated in a widely distributed North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae), with particular reference to Pleistocene glacial cycles and earlier patterns of mountain building. Levels of sequence divergence obtained from the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I, dated to the Pleistocene, eliminating Rocky Mountain orogeny as a cause of diversification, as orogeny ended 4 million years ago. The results of phylogenetic and network analyses showed the presence of three geographically defined clades, which were consistent with the presence of at least three glacial refugia: (i) east of the Rocky Mountains; (ii) between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevadas; and (iii) west of the Sierra Nevadas. In addition, populations within the Rocky Mountains exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity than populations east of the Rocky Mountains and the haplotypes found within the Rockies were a subset of eastern haplotypes. These patterns suggest that a post-Pleistocene range expansion occurred out of an eastern glacial refugium into the Rocky Mountains. Examination of phylogeographical studies of other North American desert taxa indicated that mountain building explained diversification patterns more effectively for some taxa but Pleistocene climate change was more important for others, including A. aperta.},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae): [Fossil]., Agelenopsis aperta [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA gene sequence /, Biochemistry, Caenozoic, Diversification patterns, diversification patterns] [North America / / ] [Pleistocene / / ]., Evolution, Genetics, Geological time periods, influence of climatic vs geological, influences] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Population genetics / /, Land zones, molecular evidence] [Biochemical variation / / Cytochrome oxidase I, mtDNA sequences] [Climate and weather / / Influence on diversification, Nearctic region, patterns] [Geophysical events / / Geological influences on, Physical factors, Proteins, Quaternary, Variation},
	isbn = {0962-1083},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101006872},
	author = {Ayoub, Nadia A. and Riechert, Susan E.}
}
