@article {520,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Chinese wolf spiders (Lycosidae) inferred from 16S rRNA sequences},
	journal = {Acta Arachnologica Sinica},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2007},
	note = {ZOOR14402011486},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {65-71},
	abstract = {The mtDNA- 16S rRNA gene partial sequences (340-360 bp ) were amplified and sequenced from 26 species representing 4 subfamilies and 6 genera of Lycosidae in China. Aligning with 16S rRNA sequences of 2 species(Pardosa Lycosidae) in North America from GenBank, and selecting 1 species Agelena limbata (Agelenidae) as outgroup from China, we constructed a matrix of 29 DNA sequences. Nucleotides composition, transition and transversion, genetic distance of this segment had been analyzed. The phylogenetic trees of the Lycosidae were constructed by using the method of Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony (MP). The results indicate that average A + T content of 16S rRNA gene in Lycosidae is 75 \%, which shows a strong A + T bias. The sequences have 157 variable sites and 79 parsimony-informative sites. Genetic distances among genera of Lycosidae are 0.026-0.200. Molecular phylogeny trees suggest that Pirata is a primordial gene of Hippasa which is differentiated earlier from other species. Trochsa is a monophyletic group, it that with Arctosa form a paraphtletic group. The molecular phylogeny of 6 genera of Lycosidae is(Pirata ( Hippasa ( Trochsa+Arctosa( Pardosa + Wadicosa ) ) ) ).},
	keywords = {/ Phylogenetic analysis] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Phylogeny / /, Asia, Biochemistry, Eurasia, Evolution, Genetics, Land zones, Lycosidae (Araneae)., Lycosidae [Nucleic acids / Mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene partial sequences, Palaearctic region, partial sequences] [Biochemical variation / / ] [China / /, partial sequences]., Phylogenetic relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, Systematics, Taxonomic relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, Variation},
	isbn = {1005-9628},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14402011486},
	author = {Yan, Yu-Chen and Yan, Heng-Mei}
}
@book {391,
	title = {The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 1 - text},
	series = {The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 1 - text.},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ZOOR12900001200Book
},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {1-229, 1-204, 1-16},
	publisher = {Harley Books, Colchester},
	organization = {Harley Books, Colchester},
	keywords = {[Genitalia / / Epigyne] [Reproductive behaviour / / Courtship \&, [Glossaries / / Morphological terms] [Faunal works / / ], [Identification guides / / ] [Collecting techniques / / Notes], [Preservation of specimens / / ] [General morphology / / External, additional species, p. 177 (Volume 2), Agelenidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Appendages, Araneae (Arachnida): [Nomenclature, Notes, p. 31 (Volume 1), Araneae [Bibliographies / / Specialist identification works for United, Araneidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Araneus diadematus (Araneae)., Araneus diadematus [Pedipalps / / Male, Behaviour, Biochemistry, Biology, Classification, Notes, p. 31 (Volume 1), Clubionidae (Araneae): [Key to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland \& United, Collection maintenance, Dictionaries, Dictynidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, distribution, Documentation, Dysderidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, ecology \& study techniques] [United Kingdom / / ]., Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, features \& terminology] [Silk / / ] [Toxins and venoms / / ], General morphology, Gnaphosidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, guide \& checklist, Hahniidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 115 (Volume 2)]., Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 124 (Volume 2)]., Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 35 (Volume 1)]., Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 80 (Volume 1)]., Key, Key to families, Republic of, Key to genera, Republic of, Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United Kingdom, Extended to include, Key to species, Republic of Ireland \& United, Kingdom \& Europe] [Checklists / / Republic of Ireland \& United Kingdom], Kingdom, Extended to include additional species, p. 177 (Volume 2), Kingdom, P. 115 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 156 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 16 (Volume 2), Kingdom, P. 16 (Volume 2)]., Kingdom, P. 168 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 172 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 198 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 205 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 50 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 60 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 64 (Volume 1)]., Kingdom, P. 97 (Volume 1), Kingdom, P. 97 (Volume 1)]., Land zones, Lepthyphantes - Menge 1866 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic, Linyphiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, mating] [Communication / / ] [Republic of Ireland / / Identification, Meioneta - Hull 1920 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic of, Mouthparts, note on variability, note]., of Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 157 (Volume 2)]., of Ireland \& United Kingdom] [Morphological variation / / Male palps, Palaearctic region, Porrhomma - Simon 1884 (Araneae): [Key to species groups, Republic of, Publications, Reproduction, Reproductive system, Republic, Salticidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Silk glands, Systematics, Taxonomy, Techniques, Tetragnathidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Theridiidae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Republic of Ireland \& United, Thomisidae (Araneae): [Key to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland \& United, to subfamilies, Republic of Ireland \& United Kingdom, P. 80 (Volume 1), Trochosa - Koch 1846 (Araneae): [Key to species, Republic of Ireland \&, United Kingdom, P. 146 (Volume 1)]., Variation, With notes on taxonomy},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12900001200},
	author = {Roberts, M. J.}
}
@article {300,
	title = {Notes on the variation, identification and distribution of British species of the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae, Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1980},
	note = {ZOOR11700018519},
	month = {1980},
	pages = {1-8},
	keywords = {characters, Palp \& epigyne, figured]., Diagnosis, epigyne, figured]., Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, identification]., Land zones, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, patterns / / ] [United Kingdom / / Distribution patterns \&, Systematics, Tegenaria atrica, Tegenaria atrica - Koch (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, Palp \&, Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica group [Morphological variation / / Palp \& epigyne, Tegenaria gigantea, Tegenaria gigantea - Chamberlin \& Ivie (Araneae): [Diagnostic, Tegenaria saeva - Blackwall (Araneae): [Diagnostic characters, Palp \&, Tegenaria saeva [Distribution, United Kingdom]., Variation, Zoogeography},
	isbn = {0524-4994},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700018519},
	author = {Merrett, P.}
}
@article {122,
	title = {Mitochondrial differentiation, introgression and phylogeny of species in the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14004021926},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {79-89},
	abstract = {The relationships between the three members of the Tegenaria atrica group (T. atrica, T. saeva and T. gigantea) were examined with DNA sequence data from mitochondrial CO1, 16S rRNA, tRNAleu(CUN) and ND1 genes. Members of this group of large house spiders have overlapping distributions in western Europe and hybridize with each other to a variable degree. The close relatedness of all three species was supported by all analyses. T. saeva and T. gigantea are more closely affiliated than either is to T. atrica. Haplotypes clearly assignable to T. gigantea were also present in many specimens of T. saeva, suggesting asymmetrical introgression of mtDNA from T. gigantea into T. saeva. Molecular clock calibrations (CO1) suggest that deeper divisions within the genus Tegenaria may be in excess of 10 million years old, and that the evolutionary history of the T. atrica group has been moulded by Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles.},
	keywords = {[Molecular genetics / / ] [Hybridization / / Introgression evidence], [Phylogeny / Molecular phylogeny / ] [Biochemical variation / / ]., Biochemistry, Evolution, Genetics, mtDNA sequences / Introgression evidence \& phylogenetic implications], Systematics, Tegenaria atrica, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria gigantea, Tegenaria gigantea (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva [Nucleic acids /, Variation},
	isbn = {0024-4066},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14004021926},
	author = {Croucher, P. J. P. and Oxford, G. S. and Searle, J. B.}
}
@article {57,
	title = {An analysis of geographic and intersexual chemical variation in venoms of the spider Tegenaria agrestis (Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Toxicon},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ZOOR13700031557},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {955-968},
	abstract = {The spider Tegenaria agrestis is native to Europe, where it is considered medically innocuous. This species recently colonized the US where it has been accused of bites that result in necrotic lesions and systemic effects in humans. One possible explanation of this pattern is the US spiders have unique venom characteristics. This study compares whole venoms from US and European populations to look for unique US characteristics, and to increase our understanding of venom variability within species. This study compared venoms from T. agrestis males and females from Marysville, Washington (US), Tungstead Quarry, England (UK) and Le Landeron, Switzerland, by means of liquid chromatography; and the US and UK populations by insect bioassays. Chromatographic profiles were different between sexes, but similar within sexes between US and UK populations. Venoms from the Swiss population differed subtly in composition from UK and US venoms. No peaks were unique to the US population. Intersexual differences were primarily in relative abundance of components. Insect assays revealed no differences between US and UK venom potency, but female venoms were more potent than male. These results are difficult to reconcile with claims of necrotic effects that are unique to venoms of US Tegenaria.},
	keywords = {[Washington / Snohomish County, Marysville / ]., \& intersexual variation, biochemical sex differences / / geographical variation] [Biochemical, Biochemistry, Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, geographical, Kingdom, Land, Landeron / ] [England / Derbyshire, Buxton, Tungstead Quarry / ], Nearctic region, North America, Palaearctic region, Reproduction, Sex differences, Switzerland \& Washington] [Physiological and, Tegenaria agrestis (Araneae)., Tegenaria agrestis [Toxins and venoms / / Venom chemistry, United, USA, Variation, variation / / geographical \& intersexual differences] [Switzerland / Le, zones},
	isbn = {0041-0101},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13700031557},
	author = {Binford, G. J.}
}
@article {41,
	title = {Algunas reflexiones sobre las especies del grupo atrica, en la Peninsula Iberica (Araneae, Agelenidae, Tegenaria)},
	journal = {Revue Arachnologique},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1988},
	note = {ZOOR12400050581},
	month = {1988},
	pages = {141-162},
	keywords = {/ / ] [Life cycle / / ] [Geographical variation / / Morphological, / Distribution, Appendages, biology \& morphological characters] [Spain / / ]., characters] [Morphological variation / / ] [Ecology / / ] [Portugal /, Ecology, Eurasia, Europe, Evolution, General morphology, Iberian, Land zones, Life cycle and development, Mouthparts, Palaearctic region, Peninsula] [Reproduction / / Notes \& taxonomic implications] [Genitalia, Reproduction, Reproductive system, Systematics, Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica group [Pedipalps / / taxonomic implications, Variation},
	isbn = {0398-4346},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400050581},
	author = {Barrientos, J. A. and Ribera, C.}
}
@article {26,
	title = {Molecular evidence for Pleistocene glacial cycles driving diversification of a North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101006872},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {3453-3465},
	abstract = {The influence of historical climatic vs. geological changes on species diversification patterns was investigated in a widely distributed North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae), with particular reference to Pleistocene glacial cycles and earlier patterns of mountain building. Levels of sequence divergence obtained from the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I, dated to the Pleistocene, eliminating Rocky Mountain orogeny as a cause of diversification, as orogeny ended 4 million years ago. The results of phylogenetic and network analyses showed the presence of three geographically defined clades, which were consistent with the presence of at least three glacial refugia: (i) east of the Rocky Mountains; (ii) between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevadas; and (iii) west of the Sierra Nevadas. In addition, populations within the Rocky Mountains exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity than populations east of the Rocky Mountains and the haplotypes found within the Rockies were a subset of eastern haplotypes. These patterns suggest that a post-Pleistocene range expansion occurred out of an eastern glacial refugium into the Rocky Mountains. Examination of phylogeographical studies of other North American desert taxa indicated that mountain building explained diversification patterns more effectively for some taxa but Pleistocene climate change was more important for others, including A. aperta.},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae): [Fossil]., Agelenopsis aperta [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA gene sequence /, Biochemistry, Caenozoic, Diversification patterns, diversification patterns] [North America / / ] [Pleistocene / / ]., Evolution, Genetics, Geological time periods, influence of climatic vs geological, influences] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Population genetics / /, Land zones, molecular evidence] [Biochemical variation / / Cytochrome oxidase I, mtDNA sequences] [Climate and weather / / Influence on diversification, Nearctic region, patterns] [Geophysical events / / Geological influences on, Physical factors, Proteins, Quaternary, Variation},
	isbn = {0962-1083},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101006872},
	author = {Ayoub, Nadia A. and Riechert, Susan E.}
}
@article {27,
	title = {Speciation history of the North American funnel web spiders, Agelenopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae): phylogenetic inferences at the population-species interface},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14110057613},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {42-57},
	abstract = {Intra- and interspecific relationships of 12 out of 13 described species as well as a potential new species in the spider genus Agelenopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae) were analyzed using sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA. Approximately half of the species examined formed well-supported monophyletic groups, whereas the rest of the species were part of well-supported monophyletic species groups. Rather than viewing cases where species were not identified as being monophyletic as poor taxonomy, these cases more likely represent recent speciation and offer insights into the process of speciation. The clade with the lowest levels of interspecific sequence divergence was found in eastern North America, whereas western species displayed much higher levels of interspecific divergence. These patterns appear to extend below the species level as well, with southwestern species exhibiting the highest levels of intraspecific sequence divergence and geographic structuring. The relationship between Agelenopsis and Barronopsis, a genus once considered a sub-genus of Agelenopsis, was also examined. The two genera are reciprocally monophyletic but more generic level sampling is needed to confirm an apparent sister relationship between the two. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Biochemical variation / / ] [North America / / Molecular phylogeny \&, Agelenopsis (Araneae)., Agelenopsis [Nucleic acids / mtDNA \& 16S rRNA sequences / Phylogenetic, Biochemistry, cytochrome, Evolution, Genetics, Land zones, Nearctic region, oxidase \& rRNA sequences] [Speciation / Speciation history / ], Proteins, relationships, sequences / ] [Molecular genetics / mtDNA, cytochrome oxidase \& rRNA, sequences / ] [Phylogeny / Molecular phylogeny / mtDNA, speciation implications] [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I, speciation]., Systematics, Variation},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14110057613},
	author = {Ayoub, Nadia A. and Riechert, Susan E. and Small, Randall L.}
}
