@article {520,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Chinese wolf spiders (Lycosidae) inferred from 16S rRNA sequences},
	journal = {Acta Arachnologica Sinica},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2007},
	note = {ZOOR14402011486},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {65-71},
	abstract = {The mtDNA- 16S rRNA gene partial sequences (340-360 bp ) were amplified and sequenced from 26 species representing 4 subfamilies and 6 genera of Lycosidae in China. Aligning with 16S rRNA sequences of 2 species(Pardosa Lycosidae) in North America from GenBank, and selecting 1 species Agelena limbata (Agelenidae) as outgroup from China, we constructed a matrix of 29 DNA sequences. Nucleotides composition, transition and transversion, genetic distance of this segment had been analyzed. The phylogenetic trees of the Lycosidae were constructed by using the method of Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony (MP). The results indicate that average A + T content of 16S rRNA gene in Lycosidae is 75 \%, which shows a strong A + T bias. The sequences have 157 variable sites and 79 parsimony-informative sites. Genetic distances among genera of Lycosidae are 0.026-0.200. Molecular phylogeny trees suggest that Pirata is a primordial gene of Hippasa which is differentiated earlier from other species. Trochsa is a monophyletic group, it that with Arctosa form a paraphtletic group. The molecular phylogeny of 6 genera of Lycosidae is(Pirata ( Hippasa ( Trochsa+Arctosa( Pardosa + Wadicosa ) ) ) ).},
	keywords = {/ Phylogenetic analysis] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Phylogeny / /, Asia, Biochemistry, Eurasia, Evolution, Genetics, Land zones, Lycosidae (Araneae)., Lycosidae [Nucleic acids / Mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene partial sequences, Palaearctic region, partial sequences] [Biochemical variation / / ] [China / /, partial sequences]., Phylogenetic relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, Systematics, Taxonomic relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, Variation},
	isbn = {1005-9628},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14402011486},
	author = {Yan, Yu-Chen and Yan, Heng-Mei}
}
@article {521,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Wadicosa in Chinese wolf spiders (Lycosidae, Wadicosinae)},
	journal = {Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2007},
	note = {ZOOR14402010427},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {996-999},
	abstract = {The mtDNA-16S rRNA gene partial sequences were amplified and sequenced from 26 species representing 4 subfamilies and 6 genera of Lycosidae in China. Aligning with 16S rRNA sequences of 2 species (Pardosa Lycosidae) in North America from GenBank, and selecting 1 species Angela limbata (Agelenidae) as outgroup from China, we constructed a matrix of 29 DNA sequences. The phylogenetic trees of the Lycosidae were constructed by using the method of Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony (NIP). The results indicate that Wadicosa has the closest phylogenetic relationship with Pardosa. Pardosa and Wadicosa form a monophyletic group and this result supported that the two genera should be merged into one subfamily. the molecular phylogeny of 6 genera of Lycosidae is (Pirata (Hippasa (Trochsa + Arctosa (Pardosa + Wadicosa)))).},
	keywords = {Asia, Biochemistry, Eurasia, evidence] [China / / ]., Evolution, Genetics, Land zones, Lycosidae (Araneae)., Lycosidae [Nucleic acids / mtDNA \& rRNA partial sequences / Phylogenetic, Palaearctic, region, significance] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Phylogeny / / Molecular, Systematics},
	isbn = {1000-0739},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14402010427},
	author = {Yan, Yu-Chen and Yan, Heng-Mei}
}
@article {503,
	title = {On chromosomes of the Tegenaria domestica (Araneida: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Acta Arachnologica Sinica},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ZOOR13500026189},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {141-144},
	keywords = {Asia, Characterization] [Hebei / / Shijazhuang, China, Chromosomes, Cytogenetics, Eurasia, Genetics, Karyotype \& sex determination, Land zones, mechanism]., Palaearctic region, Tegenaria domestica (Araneae)., Tegenaria domestica [Sex determination genetics / / ] [Karyotype / /},
	isbn = {1005-9628},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13500026189},
	author = {Wang, Xiuzhen and Wang, Youju and Yang, Zhenling and Cui, Sujuan and Liang, Ning}
}
@article {504,
	title = {On chromosomes of the Agelena labyrinthica (Araneida: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Acta Arachnologica Sinica},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ZOOR13500026188},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {137-140},
	keywords = {Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Agelena labyrinthica [Sex determination genetics / / ] [Karyotype / /, Asia, Characterization] [Hebei / / Shijazhuang, China, Chromosomes, Cytogenetics, Eurasia, Genetics, Karyotype \& sex determination, Land zones, mechanism]., Palaearctic region},
	isbn = {1005-9628},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13500026188},
	author = {Wang, Xiuzhen and Wang, Youju and Yang, Zhenling and Cui, Sujuan and Zhao, Suzhen}
}
@article {478,
	title = {Chromosomes of the funnel-web spider Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Acta Arachnologica},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ZOOR13000055370},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {43-46},
	abstract = {The number of chromosomes of the funnel-web spider Agelena limbata is reported to be 2n=42 (40+X-1X-2) in males and 44 (40+X-1X-1X-2X-2) in females based on the observation of three populations from western Honshu, Japan. These numbers do not conform to those reported by SUZUKI (1954) where the diploid number in male was interpreted as 44 (42+X-1X-2). The disharmony in chromosome number between the two results may be attributable to the possible miscounting in SUZUKI{\textquoteright}S observation. Unlike previous reports on chromosomes of Agelena and most of other genera of spiders, A. limbata was shown to have some pairs of meta- or submetacentrics in its karyotype.},
	keywords = {Agelena limbata (Araneae)., Agelena limbata [Karyotype / / ] [Japan / / Honshu, Asia, Chromosomes, Cytogenetics, Eurasia, Genetics, Hiroshima \&, Land zones, Palaearctic region, Tottori].},
	isbn = {0001-5202},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13000055370},
	author = {Tsurusaki, Nobuo and Ihara, Yoh and Arita, Tatsumi}
}
@article {353,
	title = {Do large house spiders Tegenaria gigantea and T. saeva (Araneae, Agelenidae) hybridise in the wild? - A multivariate approach},
	journal = {Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1991},
	note = {ZOOR12800033154},
	month = {1991},
	pages = {293-296},
	keywords = {[England / / Yorkshire, [General morphology / / ] [Hybridization / / Morphological evidence], Biometrics, England]., Eurasia, Europe, evidence, General morphology, Genetics, Land zones, Palaearctic, region, Tegenaria gigantea x T. saeva (Araneae)., Tegenaria gigantea x T. saeva [Size / / Evidence for hybridization], Tegenaria saeva x T. gigantea (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva x T. gigantea [Hybridization / / Morphological, United Kingdom, York].},
	isbn = {0524-4994},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12800033154},
	author = {Oxford, G. S. and Plowman, A.}
}
@article {310,
	title = {Phylogeny of entelegyne spiders: Affinities of the family Penestomidae (new rank), generic phylogeny of Eresidae, and asymmetric rates of change in spinning organ evolution (Araneae, Araneoidea, Entelegynae)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2010},
	note = {ZOOR14608055960},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {786-804},
	abstract = {Penestomine spiders were first described from females only and placed in the family Eresidae. Discovery of the male decades later brought surprises, especially in the morphology of the male pedipalp, which features (among other things) a retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA). The presence of an RTA is synapomorphic for a large clade of spiders exclusive of Eresidae. A molecular data matrix based on four loci was constructed to test two alternative hypotheses: (1) penestomines are eresids and the RTA is convergent, or (2) penestomines belong within the RTA clade. Taxon sampling concentrated on the Eresidae and the RTA clade, especially outside of the Dionycha and Lycosoidea. Evolution of the cribellum, conventionally characterized as a primitive araneomorph spinning organ lost multiple times, is explored. Parsimony optimization indicates repeated appearances of the cribellum. Exploration of asymmetric rates of loss and gain in both a likelihood framework and using a Sankoff matrix under parsimony reveals that cribellum homology is supported when losses are two times more likely than gains. We suggest that when complicated characters appear (under parsimony optimization) to evolve multiple times, investigators should consider alternative reconstructions featuring a relatively high rate of loss. Evolution of other morphological characters is also investigated. The results imply revised circumscription of some RTA-clade families, including Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Cybaeidae, Dictynidae and Hahniidae. Some nomenclatural changes are formally proposed here; others await further investigation. The family Penestomidae (NEW RANK) is established. Tamgrinia, not Neoramia, is the cribellate sister clade of the ecribellate Agelenidae. Tamgrinia and the subfamily Coelotinae are transferred from the family Amaurobiidae to the family Agelenidae. Zanomys and its relatives are not coelotines but belong to a clade tentatively identified as Macrobuninae. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Evolution / / ] [Phylogeny / Cladistics / ]., [Nucleic acids / DNA sequence analysis / ] [Molecular genetics / / ], 801]., Alloclubionoides - Paik 1992 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Amaurobiidae, p. 801]., Amaurobiidae, p. 802]., Appendages, Bifidocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Biochemistry, Coelotes - Blackwall 1841 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Coras - Simon 1898 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Draconarius - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Entelegynae (Araneae)., Entelegynae [Spinnerets / Cribellum evolution / taxonomic implications], Eresidae, p. 801]., Eurocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Evolution, Femoracoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, from Amaurobiidae, p. 802]., General morphology, Genetics, Himalcoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Iwogumoa - Kishida 1955 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Leptocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Lineacoelotes - Xu, Li \& Wang 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Longicoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Notiocoelotes - Wang, Xu \& Li 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Orumcekia - Kocak \& Kemal 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Penestomidae - Simon 1903 (Araneae): [Raised from, Penestominae, p., Penestominae - Simon 1903 (Araneae): [Raised to, Penestomidae, p. 801]., Penestomus - Simon 1902 (Araneae): [Referred to, Penestomidae from, Pireneitega - Kishida 1955 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Platocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Robusticoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Spiricoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Status, Systematics, Tamgrinia - Lehtinen 1967 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Taxonomic position, Taxonomy, Tegecoelotes - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Tonsilla - Wang \& Yin 1992 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Urocoras - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Wadotes - Chamberlin 1925 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14608055960},
	author = {Miller, Jeremy A. and Carmichael, Anthea and Ramirez, Martin J. and Spagna, Joseph C. and Haddad, Charles R. and Rezac, Milan and Johannesen, Jes and Kral, Jiri and Wang, Xin-Ping and Griswold, Charles E.}
}
@article {260,
	title = {Evolution of multiple sex chromosomes in the spider genus Malthonica (Araneae: Agelenidae) indicates unique structure of the spider sex chromosome systems},
	journal = {Chromosome Research},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2007},
	note = {ZOOR14405027059},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {863-879},
	abstract = {Most spiders exhibit a multiple sex chromosome system, X1X20, whose origin has not been satisfactorily explained. Examination of the sex chromosome systems in the spider genus Malthonica (Agelenidae) revealed considerable diversity in sex chromosome constitution within this group. Besides modes X1X20 (M. silvestris) and X1X2X30 (M. campestris), a neo-X1X2X3X4X5Y system in M. ferruginea was found. Ultrastructural analysis of spread pachytene spermatocytes revealed that the X1X20 and X1X2X30 systems include a pair of homomorphic sex chromosomes. Multiple X chromosomes and the pair exhibit an end-to-end pairing, being connected by attachment plaques. The X1X2X3X4X5Y system of M. ferruginea arose by rearrangement between the homomorphic sex chromosome pair and an autosome. Multiple X chromosomes and the sex chromosome pair do not differ from autosomes in a pattern of constitutive heterochromatin. Ultrastructural data on sex chromosome pairing in other spiders indicate that the homomorphic sex chromosome pair forms an integral part of the spider sex chromosome systems. It is suggested that this pair represents ancestral sex chromosomes of spiders, which generated multiple X chromosomes by non-disjunctions. Structural differentiation of newly formed X chromosomes has been facilitated by heterochromatinization of sex chromosome bivalents observed in prophase I of spider females.},
	keywords = {comparative study] [Chromosomes / / ] [Evolution / /, Cytogenetics, determination genetics / Sex chromosome system / Evolution of multiple, Evolution, Genetics, Malthonica campestris, Malthonica campestris (Araneae)., Malthonica ferruginea, Malthonica ferruginea (Araneae)., Malthonica silvestris (Araneae)., Malthonica silvestris [Sex, sex chromosomes},
	isbn = {0967-3849},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14405027059},
	author = {Kral, Jiri}
}
@article {122,
	title = {Mitochondrial differentiation, introgression and phylogeny of species in the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14004021926},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {79-89},
	abstract = {The relationships between the three members of the Tegenaria atrica group (T. atrica, T. saeva and T. gigantea) were examined with DNA sequence data from mitochondrial CO1, 16S rRNA, tRNAleu(CUN) and ND1 genes. Members of this group of large house spiders have overlapping distributions in western Europe and hybridize with each other to a variable degree. The close relatedness of all three species was supported by all analyses. T. saeva and T. gigantea are more closely affiliated than either is to T. atrica. Haplotypes clearly assignable to T. gigantea were also present in many specimens of T. saeva, suggesting asymmetrical introgression of mtDNA from T. gigantea into T. saeva. Molecular clock calibrations (CO1) suggest that deeper divisions within the genus Tegenaria may be in excess of 10 million years old, and that the evolutionary history of the T. atrica group has been moulded by Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles.},
	keywords = {[Molecular genetics / / ] [Hybridization / / Introgression evidence], [Phylogeny / Molecular phylogeny / ] [Biochemical variation / / ]., Biochemistry, Evolution, Genetics, mtDNA sequences / Introgression evidence \& phylogenetic implications], Systematics, Tegenaria atrica, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria gigantea, Tegenaria gigantea (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva [Nucleic acids /, Variation},
	isbn = {0024-4066},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14004021926},
	author = {Croucher, P. J. P. and Oxford, G. S. and Searle, J. B.}
}
@article {123,
	title = {Contrasting patterns of hybridization in large house spiders (Tegenaria atrica group, Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Evolution},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2007},
	note = {ZOOR14401000464},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {1622-1640},
	abstract = {The integrity of species is not fixed and may vary geographically. Here we investigate the geographic distributions and interactions of species in the Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae: Agelenidae). Detailed mapping of T. saeva and T. gigantea in England and Wales shows them to be broadly allopatric in southern England with a tightly defined, and possibly long-standing, narrow zone of parapatry in central southern England. In the north of England (Yorkshire), by contrast, the species are broadly sympatric as a result of recent range expansions. GIS techniques are used to map the species distributions and to quantify, we believe for the first time, the intimacy of interspecific interactions. The extent and nature of hybridization in these two areas is examined through regression and multivariate analyses of morphology. We show that the relative incidence of hybridization is much greater in Yorkshire than within the parapatric zone in the south. Clear patterns of asymmetric introgression are observed in both northern and southern England, with a greater impact of T. gigantea on T. saeva than vice versa. We find no sign of morphological reproductive character displacement at the zone of parapatry that might indicate reinforcement, although we cannot exclude more subtle effects, for example via cuticular pheromones. The integrity of these two species seems to be breaking down in northern England, a process that might gain momentum as the gene pools become more similar.},
	keywords = {\& Wales] [Hybridization / / Extent \& nature of hybridization] [Gene, contrasting patterns of hybridization] [England / / ] [Wales / / ]., England, Eurasia, Europe, flow / Introgressive hybridization / Asymmetric introgression between, General morphology, Genetics, implications for species interactions \& hybridization patterns, Land, Palaearctic region, Population genetics, species] [Zoogeography / / Distribution \& species interactions, Tegenaria atrica group (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica group [General morphology / / Multivariation analyses, United Kingdom, zones, Zoogeography},
	isbn = {0014-3820},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14401000464},
	author = {Croucher, Peter J. P. and Jones, Ross M. and Searle, Jeremy B. and Oxford, Geoff S.}
}
@article {56,
	title = {Phylogenetic position of the spider subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae) inferred from nuclear rDNA gene sequences},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Sinica},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14110060143},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {521-525},
	abstract = {The phylogenetic position of the subfamily Coelotinae, which belongs to Amaurobiidae currently but Agelenidae formerly, has remained controversial. The sequences of 28S and 18S rDNA fragments were obtained from six species of spiders representing Ageleninae, Amaurobiinae, Coelotinae and Clubionidae. Neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum- likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) analyses generated identical tree topologies. All trees from the 28S rDNA data derived from neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses support the Coelotinae as the sister group of the Ageleninae, and strongly support the Coelotinae + Ageleninae are the sister group of the Amaurobiinae. The topology in the trees inferred from 18S data is similar to those of 28S rDNA but with lower boostrap support. The results indicate that Coelotinae is probably a subfamily of the family Agelenidae. In addition, the close relationship between Asiacoelotes and Draconarius of the subfamily Coelotinae, Agelena and Alloagelena of the subfamily Ageleninae is strongly supported by the results of analyses of the 28S rDNA sequences. This indicates that the sequence could be used as a molecular marker in the study of phylogenetic relationships among the genera of spiders.},
	keywords = {Coelotinae (Araneae)., Coelotinae [Molecular genetics / Nuclear rDNA gene sequences /, Evolution, Genetics, Phylogenetic significance] [Phylogeny / / Molecular genetic evidence]., Systematics},
	isbn = {0001-7302},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14110060143},
	author = {Bi, Ke-Ran and Zhou, Kai-Ya and Song, Da-Xiang}
}
@article {46,
	title = {Preliminary description of the predatory and nesting behaviour of Tachypompilus analis (Pompilidae: Pompilinae) in Hong Kong, China},
	journal = {Hong Kong Entomological Bulletin},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2010},
	note = {ZOOR14703021882},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {3-9},
	abstract = {Field observations of the hunting and nesting behaviour of Tachypompilus analis (Fabricius, 1781) (Pompilinae: Pompilini) were carried out by the author in the vicinity of his house in Hong Kong over several years. Behaviour on one particular nesting niche is described as well as the capture of a rare prey species. It was noted that although the species is known to excavate shallow depressions in soil as nesting sites, T. analis also chooses pre-existing cavities in masonry. Additionally, T. analis was observed to prey upon a web-fabricating spider (Agelenidae or Amaurobiidae), a clear departure from the usual wandering type preyed upon by the genus. This choice affects the normal hunting sequences possessed by the genus. From fragmentary observations I suggest that T.analis may have some level of behavioural plasticity, probably providing a net gain in parental investment.},
	keywords = {adult parasitoid predatory \& nesting behaviour] [Hong Kong / / ]., adult predatory, and disorders, Araneae (Arachnida): [Host]., Araneae [Hymenopteran parasites / Tachypompilus analis / Host parasite, Asia, behaviour] [Reproductive behaviour / Nesting behaviour / ] [Phenotype /, Behavioural plasticity / ] [Arachnid hosts / Araneae / ] [Hong Kong / /, China, Eurasia, Feeding behaviour, Genetics, Hosts, Insect parasites, Land zones, list, Nutrition, Palaearctic region, Parasites, Parasites diseases, Reproduction, Tachypompilus analis (Pompilidae): [Parasite]., Tachypompilus analis [Foraging / / host parasite list},
	isbn = {2079-178X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14703021882http://hkentsoc.org/publications/page19/page19.html},
	author = {Barthelemy, Christophe}
}
@article {48,
	title = {Ultrastructural analysis of the X1X2X3O sex chromosome system during the spermatogenesis of Tegenaria domestica (Arachnida)},
	journal = {Journal of Cell Science},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1982},
	note = {ZOOR11900036561},
	month = {1982},
	pages = {411-422},
	abstract = {An ultrastructural study was performed on the sex chromosomes (.male. X1X2X3O) during the spermatogenesis of T. domestica (Arachnida, Agelenidae). This study was carried out using random and serially cut sections. During pachytene and diplotene the 3 X chromosomes are longitudinally paired. Each of these consists of a central core of condensed chromatin, surrounded by a field of dense chromatin projections through which the chromosomes are in contact with one another. These projections may be responsible for the recognition and pairing of the sex chromosomes and in some way participate in their non-disjunction during anaphase I. A study of the structure and behavior of the sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis is also presented. The available information on non-synaptonemal complex-mediated chromosome pairing and a systematization of sex chromosome structure in spiders are discussed.},
	keywords = {behaviour] [Sex determination genetics / / structure \& behaviour during, Cytogenetics, Gametogenesis, Genetics, Reproduction, spermatogenesis] [Chromosomes / / ]., structure \&, Tegenaria domestica (Araneae)., Tegenaria domestica [Spermatogenesis / / Sex chromosomes},
	isbn = {0021-9533},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11900036561},
	author = {Benavente, R. and Wettstein, R. and Papa, M.}
}
@article {26,
	title = {Molecular evidence for Pleistocene glacial cycles driving diversification of a North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101006872},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {3453-3465},
	abstract = {The influence of historical climatic vs. geological changes on species diversification patterns was investigated in a widely distributed North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae), with particular reference to Pleistocene glacial cycles and earlier patterns of mountain building. Levels of sequence divergence obtained from the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I, dated to the Pleistocene, eliminating Rocky Mountain orogeny as a cause of diversification, as orogeny ended 4 million years ago. The results of phylogenetic and network analyses showed the presence of three geographically defined clades, which were consistent with the presence of at least three glacial refugia: (i) east of the Rocky Mountains; (ii) between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevadas; and (iii) west of the Sierra Nevadas. In addition, populations within the Rocky Mountains exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity than populations east of the Rocky Mountains and the haplotypes found within the Rockies were a subset of eastern haplotypes. These patterns suggest that a post-Pleistocene range expansion occurred out of an eastern glacial refugium into the Rocky Mountains. Examination of phylogeographical studies of other North American desert taxa indicated that mountain building explained diversification patterns more effectively for some taxa but Pleistocene climate change was more important for others, including A. aperta.},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae): [Fossil]., Agelenopsis aperta [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA gene sequence /, Biochemistry, Caenozoic, Diversification patterns, diversification patterns] [North America / / ] [Pleistocene / / ]., Evolution, Genetics, Geological time periods, influence of climatic vs geological, influences] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Population genetics / /, Land zones, molecular evidence] [Biochemical variation / / Cytochrome oxidase I, mtDNA sequences] [Climate and weather / / Influence on diversification, Nearctic region, patterns] [Geophysical events / / Geological influences on, Physical factors, Proteins, Quaternary, Variation},
	isbn = {0962-1083},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101006872},
	author = {Ayoub, Nadia A. and Riechert, Susan E.}
}
@article {27,
	title = {Speciation history of the North American funnel web spiders, Agelenopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae): phylogenetic inferences at the population-species interface},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14110057613},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {42-57},
	abstract = {Intra- and interspecific relationships of 12 out of 13 described species as well as a potential new species in the spider genus Agelenopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae) were analyzed using sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA. Approximately half of the species examined formed well-supported monophyletic groups, whereas the rest of the species were part of well-supported monophyletic species groups. Rather than viewing cases where species were not identified as being monophyletic as poor taxonomy, these cases more likely represent recent speciation and offer insights into the process of speciation. The clade with the lowest levels of interspecific sequence divergence was found in eastern North America, whereas western species displayed much higher levels of interspecific divergence. These patterns appear to extend below the species level as well, with southwestern species exhibiting the highest levels of intraspecific sequence divergence and geographic structuring. The relationship between Agelenopsis and Barronopsis, a genus once considered a sub-genus of Agelenopsis, was also examined. The two genera are reciprocally monophyletic but more generic level sampling is needed to confirm an apparent sister relationship between the two. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Biochemical variation / / ] [North America / / Molecular phylogeny \&, Agelenopsis (Araneae)., Agelenopsis [Nucleic acids / mtDNA \& 16S rRNA sequences / Phylogenetic, Biochemistry, cytochrome, Evolution, Genetics, Land zones, Nearctic region, oxidase \& rRNA sequences] [Speciation / Speciation history / ], Proteins, relationships, sequences / ] [Molecular genetics / mtDNA, cytochrome oxidase \& rRNA, sequences / ] [Phylogeny / Molecular phylogeny / mtDNA, speciation implications] [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I, speciation]., Systematics, Variation},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14110057613},
	author = {Ayoub, Nadia A. and Riechert, Susan E. and Small, Randall L.}
}
