@article {515,
	title = {Fossil spiders (Araneae) of the family Dictynidae s. l., including Cryphoecinae and Hahniinae in Baltic and Dominican amber and copal from Madagascar, and on selected extant holarctic taxa, with new descriptions and diagnoses},
	journal = {Beitraege zur Araneologie},
	volume = {3B},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101003672},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1380-1482},
	abstract = {A new diagnosis of the family Dictynidae s. I. (Copaldictyninae, Cryphoecinae (?= Cicurininae), Dictyninae, Hahniinae and Mizagallinae) and a key to the fossil and extant holarctic subfamilies and genera are given, the new subfamilies Mizagallinae (known from fossils in Baltic amber and from extant taxa) and Copaldictyninae (known from copal of Madagascar), and the new tribus Hahniini and Antisteini are introduced; Antisteini are unknown from fossils. 15 of 16 fossil genera of the Dictynidae s. I. of the Baltic amber forest are extinct (= about 40\% of all described holarctic genera) and known from this amber forest only, solely members of Mastigusa survived in the nests of ants. - The following fossil taxa are described from Baltic amber: (1) Cryphoecinae: Balticocryphoeca n. gen with its type species B. curvitarsis n. sp., Cryphoezaga n. gen. with its type species C. dubia n. sp., Eocryphoeca PETRUNKEVITCH 1942, E. bitterfeldensis n. sp., E. electrina n. sp., E. falcata n. sp., E. gibbifera n. sp., E. ligula n. sp., E. mammilla n. sp. and E. splendens n. sp., Eocryphoecara n. gen. with ist type species E. abicera n. sp., Gibbermastigusa n. gen. with its type species G. lateralis n. sp., Mastigusa arcuata n. sp., M. bitterfeldensis n. sp., M. laticymbium n. sp., M. magnibulbus n. sp. and M. scutata n. sp., Protomastigusa n. gen. with its type species P. composita n. sp.; Clythia KOCH \& BERENDT 1854 and Thyelia KOCH \& BERENDT 1854 are dubious genera; Eocryphoeca PETRUNKEVITCH 1946 may be a member of the family Agelenidae. No fossil taxon of the Cryphoecinae is known from Dominican amber. (b) Hahniinae: Cymbiohahnia n. gen. with its type species C. parens n. sp., Protohahnia n. gen., P. antiqua n. sp. and P. tripartita n. sp.; Eohahnia PETRUNKEVITCH 1958 and its type species E. succini PETRUNKEVITCH 1958 are revised, the male is described for the first time. No named fossil taxon of the Hahniidae is known from Dominican amber. The following extant taxa of the Hahniinae are described from the Palaearctic Region: Hahniharmia n. gen. with its type species Hahnia picta KULCZYNSKI 1897 and Spinihahnia n. gen. with its type species Hahnia petrobia SIMON 1875; remarks are given on the taxonomy of the extant genera Asiohahnia OVTCHINNIKOV 1992, Hahnia C. L. KOCH 1841 and Iberina SIMON 1881. (3) Dictyninae in Baltic amber: Brommellina n. gen. with its type species B. Iongungulae n. sp., Chelicirrum n. gen with its type species C. stridulans n. sp., Eobrommella n. gen. with its type species E. scutata n. sp., Eodictyna n. gen. with its type species E. communus n. sp., Scopulyna n. gen. with its type species S. cursor n. sp. (4) Mizagallinae n. subfam., Mizagalla n. gen., M. quattuor n. sp., M. tuberculate n. sp.; the extant genus Mizaga SIMON 1898 is regarded as a member of the Mizagallinae, too. - The following (sub)recent taxa are described from copal of Madagascar: Copaldictyninae n. sub-fam. and Copaldictyna n. gen. with its type species C. madagascariensis n. sp. - Synonymy: (a) Fossils in Baltic amber: The synonymy of Arthrodictynidae PETRUNKEVITCH 1942, Auximus sensu PETRUNKEVITCH 1958 and Eolathys PETRUNKEVITCH 1950 - all described from Baltic amber - is shortly discussed. (b) Extants: Altella SIMON 1884 (n. syn.) and probably Hackmania LEHTINEN 1967 (quest. syn.) = Argenna THORELL 1869. - Parthenogenesis is supposed to exist in the extant Hahnia microphthalma SNAZELL \& DUFFEY 1980. Three kinds of stridulatory organs are reported from the Dictynidae s.I.; kleptoparasitism and social life in fossil Hahniinae are shortly discussed; parts of capture webs including cribellate threads are reported from fossil members of the Dictyninae; distinct allometric growth, is re-ported from the male chelicerae of Eodictyna communis; weakly reqenerated legs are reported from Eocryphoeca bitterfeldensis.},
	keywords = {1395, 1396, Described from amber, 1407, Described from amber, 1429]., Africa, Afrotropical region, amber]., Antistea - Simon 1898 (Araneae): [Designated type genus for new tribe,, Antistea Simon 1898, p. 1414]., Antisteini (Araneae): [Tribe nov, Of subfamily Hahniinae, Type genus, Antisteini, p. 1414]., Argenna - Thorell 1869 (Araneae): [Syn nov, Altella Simon 1884, p., Balticocryphoeca, Balticocryphoeca (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type, Balticocryphoeca curvitarsis, Balticocryphoeca curvitarsis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not, bitterfeldensis, Brommellina, Brommellina (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Brommellina longungulae, Brommellina longungulae (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Brommellina longungulae, p. 1432, Tertiary, Caenozoic, characters of subordinate taxa, P. 1387, Chelicirrum, Chelicirrum (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Chelicirrum stridulans (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Chelicirrum stridulans, p. 1433, Tertiary, Combination, composita, Copaldictyna (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of new subfamily Copaldictyninae,, Copaldictyna [Holocene / / New genus]., Copaldictyna madagascariensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Madagascar, Holocene,, Copaldictyna madagascariensis [Madagascar / / new species, Copaldictyna, p. 1445, Holocene, Copaldictyninae (Araneae): [Subfam nov, Of family Dictynidae, Type genus, Copaldictyninae [Holocene / / New subfamily]., Cryphoecinae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Extant Holarctic taxa \& fossil, Cryphoezaga, Cryphoezaga (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type species, Cryphoezaga dubia, Cryphoezaga dubia (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, Cryphoezaga dubia, p. 1392, Tertiary, Cymbiohahnia, Cymbiohahnia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of tribe Hahniini, Type species, Cymbiohahnia parens, Cymbiohahnia parens (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Cymbiohahnia parens, p. 1423, Tertiary, described, Described from, Described from amber, Described from amber] [Tertiary / / ]., designated, P. 1406]., Diagnosis, Diagnostic, Dictynidae (Araneae): [Systematics, Extant Holarctic taxa \& fossil taxa, Dictynidae, Type species Mizagalla quattuor, p. 1443, Tertiary, Dictyninae (Araneae): [Key to genera, Extant Holarctic taxa \& fossil, Emended diagnosis, Provisional,, Eobrommella, Eobrommella (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Eobrommella scutata, Eobrommella scutata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eobrommella scutata, p. 1435, Tertiary, Eocryphoeca - Petrunkevitch 1958 (Araneae): [Key to species, Males, p., Eocryphoeca bitterfeldensis, Eocryphoeca bitterfeldensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Germany, Tertiary, P., Eocryphoeca electrina, Eocryphoeca electrina (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoeca falcata, Eocryphoeca falcata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Germany, Tertiary, P. 1397,, Eocryphoeca gibbifera, Eocryphoeca gibbifera (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoeca ligula, Eocryphoeca ligula (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoeca mammilla, Eocryphoeca mammilla (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoeca splendens, Eocryphoeca splendens (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eocryphoecara, Eocryphoecara (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type, Eocryphoecara abicera, Eocryphoecara abicera (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eodictyna, Eodictyna (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Eodictyna communis, Eodictyna communis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Eodictyna communis, p. 1437, Tertiary, Eurasia, Europe, family Dictynidae, Type species Copaldictyna madagascariensis, p. 1447,, fossil \& extant Holarctic taxa, p. 1415]., Fossil taxa in Baltic amber, p. 1405]., Fossil]., from copal] [Holocene / / ]., from Hahnia, p. 1420]., from Hahnia, p. 1422]., genus, Spinihahnia, p. 1421]., Geological time periods, Gibbermastigusa, Gibbermastigusa (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type, Gibbermastigusa lateralis, Gibbermastigusa lateralis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, given, Tertiary, P. 1391, Described from amber, Hackmania - Lehtinen 1967 (Araneae): [Status, P. 1429]., Hahnia petrobia - Simon 1875 (Araneae): [Designated type species for new, Hahnia picta - Kulczynski 1897 (Araneae): [Designated type species for, Hahniharmia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of tribe Hahniini, Type species Hahnia, Hahniharmia picta - (Kulczynski 1897) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Transferred, Hahniini (Araneae): [Diagnosis, P. 1415, Halocryphoeca - Caporiacco 1934 (Araneae): [Referred to, New subfamily, Holocene, in Baltic \& Dominican amber \& Madagascan copal, p. 1380, Key, Key to genera, Provisional,, Key to subfamilies, Selected taxa, p. 1386]., Land zones, Mastigusa, Mastigusa - Menge in Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Key to species,, Mastigusa acuminata - Menge in Koch \& Berendt 1854 (Araneae): [Neotype, Mastigusa arcuata, Mastigusa arcuata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, Mastigusa bitterfeldensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, Germany, Tertiary, P., Mastigusa laticymbium, Mastigusa laticymbium (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Mastigusa magnibulbus (Araneae): [Sp nov, Germany, Tertiary, P. 1409,, Mastigusa magnibulbus [Germany / / new species, Mastigusa scutata, Mastigusa scutata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, material, Mizaga - Simon 1898 (Araneae): [Referred to, New subfamily Mizagallinae,, Mizagalla, Mizagalla (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of new subfamily Mizagallinae, family, Mizagalla quattuor, Mizagalla quattuor (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Mizagalla tuberculata (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Mizagalla, p. 1443]., Mizagallinae (Araneae): [Subfam nov, Of family Dictynidae, Type genus, Mizagallinae, p. 1443]., Neoantistea - Gertsch 1934 (Araneae): [Referred to, New tribe, new genus, Hahniharmia, p. 1420]., New taxa, Nomenclature, p. 1385, P. 1393, Described from amber, P. 1407, Described from amber, P. 1410, Described from amber, P. 1440, Described from amber, p. 1443]., P. 1447, Described from copal, Palaearctic region, petrobia Simon 1875, p. 1421]., picta Kulczynski 1897, p. 1420]., position, Protohahnia, Protohahnia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of tribe Hahniini, Type species, Protohahnia antiqua, Protohahnia antiqua (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Protohahnia antiqua, p. 1426, Tertiary, Protohahnia tripartita, Protohahnia tripartita (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Protomastigusa, Protomastigusa (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Cryphoecinae, Type, Protomastigusa composita (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given,, Quaternary, Scopulyna (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of subfamily Dictyninae, Type species, Scopulyna [Tertiary / / New genus]., Scopulyna cursor (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type locality not given, Tertiary,, Scopulyna cursor [Tertiary / / New species, Scopulyna cursor, p. 1439, Tertiary, species Balticocryphoeca curvitarsis, p. 1390, Tertiary, species Eocryphoecara abicera, p. 1401, Tertiary, species Gibbermastigusa lateralis, p. 1403, Tertiary, species Protomastigusa composita, p. 1411, Tertiary, Spinihahnia (Araneae): [Gen nov, Of tribe Hahniini, Type species Hahnia, Spinihahnia petrobia - (Simon 1875) (Araneae): [Comb nov, Transferred, stridulans, Synonymy, Systematics, taxa in Baltic amber, males, p. 1430]., taxa in Baltic amber, p. 1388]., Taxonomic, Taxonomy, Tertiary, P. 1396, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1398, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1399, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1400, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1402, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1403, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1408, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1412, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1423, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1426, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1427, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1432, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1434, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1436, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1437, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1443, Described from amber, Tertiary, P. 1444, Described from amber, tuberculata, type, Type genus, Type species},
	isbn = {0930-1526},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101003672},
	author = {Wunderlich, Joerg}
}
