@article {506,
	title = {Apoptosis and biochemical biomarkers of stress in spiders from industrially polluted areas exposed to high temperature and dimethoate},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology \& Pharmacology},
	volume = {141},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14201000233},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {194-206},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; catalase) and quantitative changes in stress protein positive cells (Hsp70; metallothionein) in midgut glands of funnel web spiders Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and wolf spiders Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) exposed to high temperature and pesticide under laboratory conditions. The spiders were collected from two meadow ecosystems differently polluted with metals (Olkusz and Pilica, southern Poland). Under stress conditions, P. lugubris had fewer apoptotic cells in the midgut glands than A. labyrinthica. In P. lugubris from both sites, the observed increase in the percentage of metallothionein and Hsp70-positive cells, simultaneous with intensification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, suggests an anti-apoptotic function of those proteins in representatives of wandering spiders. In the midgut glands of A. labyrinthica, heat shock and dimethoate increased the number of Annexin V-positive cells as well as the amounts of mitochondria with low transmembrane potential ([DELTA][PSI]m) versus the control. The changes in the percentage of MT and Hsp70-positive cells in funnel web spiders were less than in wolf spiders. The absence of change in SOD and CAT activity in A. labyrinthica shows that the participation of those enzymes in antioxidant reactions is minimal in this species. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Temperature / High temperature / ] [Poland / Olkusz \& Pilica /, Abiotic factors, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Apoptosis / Midgut gland, Apoptosis \& biochemical biomarkers of stress, Biochemistry, biomarkers, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, Digestive system, enzyme activity / ] [Digestive gland / / Apoptosis \& chemical stress, Eurasia, Europe, gland apoptosis \& biochemical stress marker responses to temperature \&, individuals from metal polluted sites] [Enzymes / Antioxidant, individuals from polluted sites] [Metal pollution / / Midgut, Land zones, Life cycle and development, metallothionein / Stress biomarkers, Midgut gland apoptosis \& biochemical stress marker responses], Palaearctic region, Pardosa lugubris (Araneae)., Pardosa lugubris [Proteins / Heat shock proteins \&, pesticide, pesticide exposure]., pesticide relationship] [Fertilizers and pesticides / Dimethoate /, Physical factors, Pollution, Proteins, responses to high temperature \&, responses to temperature \&, stress biomarker response to temperature \&, temperature \& pesticide pollution exposure] [Development /},
	isbn = {1532-0456},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201000233},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna}
}
@article {462,
	title = {Disturbances in the structure of the prosoma in Tegenaria atrica induced by alternating temperatures (Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ZOOR14508050421},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {303-307},
	abstract = {Some unique cases of bicephality in Tegenaria atriea C. L. Koch are described. This phenomenon is known to be the result of broadening and then sagittal bifurcation of the anterior germ band. In consequence there develop two head tagmae. equivalent if the germ band divides symmetrically or non-equivalent if the division is asymmetrical. The bifurcation of the germ band can be shallow. which produces two heads, or deep. which may lead to the development of so-called "Siamese twins". A less frequent cause of bicephality is bifurcation across the anterior end of the germ band in the horizontal plane. Then two head somites develop, the main head, usually with a normal structure. and a so-called accessory head. usually incomplete. situated one above the other. In the authors{\textquoteright} opinion the study of the morphology of the anterior body in bicephalous individuals provides exceptional opportunities for studying the inter-relations between the functioning of the particular parts of the brain and widely understood behaviour of spiders.},
	keywords = {/ / ] [Diseases and disorders / / ] [Temperature / Alternating, Abiotic factors, disorders, General morphology, Life cycle and development, Parasites diseases and, Physical factors, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica [Prosoma / Prosoma structure anomalies / ] [Development, temperatures / ].},
	isbn = {0524-4994},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14508050421},
	author = {Templin, Julita and Jacunski, Lech and Napiorkowska, Teresa}
}
@article {427,
	title = {Polarisationsempfindlichkeit rhabdomerialer Systeme in den Hauptaugen der Trichterspinne Agelena gracilens (Arachnida: Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Entomologica Germ},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1976},
	note = {ZOOR11300018750},
	month = {1976},
	pages = {88-92},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, Agelena gracilens (Araneae)., Agelena gracilens [Eye / / Rhabdoms, Comparative study] [Light / /, Ommatidium rhabdom]., Photoreception, Physical factors, Polarised light, Sensitivity to light, Sensory reception},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11300018750},
	author = {Schroer, W. D.}
}
@article {428,
	title = {On the biology of species of the genus Coelotes (Araneae, Agelenidae) in central European mountains},
	journal = {Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca},
	volume = {89},
	year = {1992},
	note = {ZOOR13000002895},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {337-349},
	abstract = {This paper gives basic information on the ecology, seasonal dynamics, annual rhythm, mobility and ethology of three spider species of the genus Coelotes (C.L. Koch. 1936) - C. atropos (Walck., 1825), C. inermis (C.L. Koch, 1868) and C. terrestris (Wid., 1834). All these species often live together in some biotopes. The overlapping of spider niches is postulated and some factors allowing the species coexistence are discussed.},
	keywords = {[Foraging / / Hunting activity] [Reproduction / / Seasonal dynamics, / / Vegetation type \& altitude influence on biology] [Altitude / /, \& vegetation type relationships] [Relative abundance / / ] [Population, Abiotic factors, altitude \& vegetation relationships] [Parental care / / Mother care of, altitude \& vegetation type, Behaviour, Beskydy, Coelotes atropos, Coelotes atropos (Araneae): [Predator]., Coelotes inermis, Coelotes inermis (Araneae): [Predator]., Coelotes terrestris (Araneae): [Predator]., Coelotes terrestris [Prey / /, community, Composition, Diet, dynamics / / ] [Distribution within habitat / / ] [Terrestrial habitat, Ecology, Ecology \& behaviour relationships] [Czech Republic / / Moravia, Eurasia, Europe, Feeding behaviour, Habitat, Land zones, Life cycle and development, Mountains, Nutrition, observations] [Activity patterns / / ] [Ecological niche / / Altitude, observations] [Food preferences / / Prey composition], Palaearctic region, Physical factors, relations]., Reproduction, reproduction \& behaviour, reproductive, spiderlings] [Development / / Spiderling development \& maternal care, Structure},
	isbn = {0001-5601},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13000002895},
	author = {Sechterova, Eva}
}
@article {382,
	title = {The ecology of the cooperative spider Agelena consociata in equatorial Africa (Araneae, Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Arachnology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1986},
	note = {ZOOR12400035163},
	month = {1986},
	pages = {175-191},
	keywords = {[Climate and weather / / Rain] [Gabon / / M{\textquoteright}Passa, / / Colony composition \& size, Abiotic factors, Africa, Afrotropical region, Agelena consociata (Araneae)., Agelena consociata [Energy requirements / / Energy budget \& colony size, Animal, Behaviour, budget \& fecundity] [Webs / / Survival, budget] [Population size / / Colony, Colony size, constructions, Ecology, effect, effect of rain \& colony size], effect on egg production \& energy, effect on web survival, energy, Energy budget, fertility \& web survival]., Land zones, Nutrition, on energy budget, Physical factors, Population dynamics, relationship] [Fecundity / / Colony size relationship] [Group behaviour, Reproduction, Reproductive productivity, Social behaviour},
	isbn = {0161-8202},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400035163},
	author = {Reichert, S. E. and Roeloffs, R. and Echternacht, A. C.}
}
@article {371,
	title = {Abundance and prey of Coelotes terrestris (Wider) (Araneae, Agelenidae) in hedges},
	journal = {Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1990},
	note = {ZOOR12700032450},
	month = {1990},
	pages = {185-193},
	keywords = {/ ] [Germany / / Aachen, \& microclimate relationship] [Habitat preference / / ] [Terrestrial, Abiotic factors, Abundance \& prey composition]., Coelotes terrestris (Araneae): [Predator]., Coelotes terrestris [Prey / / Arthropoda, Composition, Diet, Ecology, Eurasia, Europe, Habitat, habitat / / Hedge structure \& microclimate influence on abundance \&, Habitat utilization, hedge structure \& microclimate] [Population density / / Hedge structure, influence of, Land zones, microclimate influence on abundance \& prey composition] [Temperature /, Nutrition, Palaearctic, Physical factors, Population dynamics, prey composition] [Man made habitat / / ] [Humidity / / Hedge, region},
	isbn = {0524-4994},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12700032450},
	author = {Petto, R.}
}
@article {330,
	title = {Seasonal activity of boreal forest-floor spiders (Araneae)},
	journal = {Journal of Arachnology},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ZOOR13100038325},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {23-31},
	abstract = {We studied the seasonal occurrence of forest-floor spiders by collecting samples with 100 pitfall traps operated throughout the growing season of 1985 in a mature coniferous stand in southern Finland. Samples were collected at five-day intervals in May-August and at longer intervals in September-November. The entire sample from the 26 trapping periods consisted of 6753 adult spiders of 100 species. The overall abundance and species richness was highest in the early season, May and June. Seasonal spider catch was not correlated with fluctuations in temperature. but was negatively correlated with rainfall. Nine of the ten abundant species ( gtoreq 2\% of the sample each) belonged to the family Linyphiidae (sensu lato) and one to the family Agelenidae. Macrargus rufus (Wider) was the most abundant species comprising approximately 1/3 of the sample followed by Lepthyphantes alacris (Blackwall) (17\% of the sample). The activity peaks of the ten abundant species were usually short, only a few weeks, and occurred in the early and mid-season, May-July. Only L. alacris was collected every trapping period. Although numbers of males clearly exceeded that of females in most species, the seasonal occurrence of the sexes coincided. Our results differ somewhat from earlier observations about spider phenology in Finland. It is possible that this discrepancy depends to a great extent on different sampling methods used.},
	keywords = {[Community structure / / Seasonal, Abiotic factors, Activity patterns, Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Seasonal activity / / Activity peaks, Behaviour, community structure relations] [Finland / / ]., coniferous forest], Ecology, Eurasia, Europe, Habitat, Land zones, Palaearctic region, Physical factors, Rainfall, rainfall relations] [Forest and, Terrestrial habitat, woodland / / community structure \& activity] [Climate and weather / /},
	isbn = {0161-8202},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13100038325},
	author = {Niemela, Jari and Pajunen, Timo and Haila, Yrjo and Punttila, Pekka and Halme, Eero}
}
@article {321,
	title = {The interspecific relations among insects and spiders in the habitat of Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Matsumura) in Aso area},
	journal = {Japanese Journal of Entomology New Series},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14204021392},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {79-90},
	abstract = {The abundance of lycaenid, Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis is reduced by environmental change in some habitats in the Aso area. Our investigation of the influence of pasturage and grassland burning upon the abundance of insects and spiders on the host plant, Sophora flavescens indicated the following facts: (1) Collected from the host plant of this butterfly were 10 families, 19 species of spider. Thomisid spiders were most aboundant, followed by araneid spiders. (2) A number of spiders preyed on this butterfly: Linyphia radiata (Linyphiidae), Agelena limbata (Agelenidae), Neoscona adianta (Araneidae), Tibellus tenellus (Philodromidae), Xysticus ephippiatus (Thomisidae), Misumenops tricuspidatus (Thomisidae), Carrthotus xanthogramma (Salticidae). (3) The insect fauna on the host plant of this butterfly was from 41 families, 56 species from April to July. Dominant species were larvae of this butterfly, Formica japonica (Formicidae) and Camponotus japonicus (Formicidae). (4) Under the non-pasturage or non-grassland burning, the population of larvae of this butterfly, F japonica and C. japonicus decreased markedly. On the other hand, the spider density of the field under the non pasturage or non fire burning was higher than that of the field under the pasturage and grassland burning, especially Thomisidae. These results suggested that the number of ants and larvae of this butterfly on the host plant decreased in the habitat under the non-pasturage or non-grassland burning. The population of this butterfly decreased in these environments.},
	keywords = {[Grassland / / Seasonal community structure \& predators of lepidopteran, [Japan / Aso region / ]., / Influencing factors] [Arachnid predators / Araneae / Records on food, Abiotic, Animals and man, Araneae (Arachnida): [Predator]., Araneae [Insect prey / Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Lepidoptera) /, Asia, Commercial activities, Community structure on plants] [Fire / Burning / ] [Japan / Aso region /, Diet, Disturbance by man, Ecology, effects] [Community structure / / Influencing factors] [Grassland / /, Eurasia, factors, food plants effects] [Food plants / Sophora flavescens / Abundance, Habitat, influencing factors \& arachnid predator records] [Population dynamics /, Insecta (Arthropoda)., Insecta [Farming and agriculture / / Community structure on plants, Land zones, Nutrition, Palaearctic region, Physical factors, plants] [Grassland / / Abundance on food plants] [Fire / Burning / ], Predator records] [Community structure / / Seasonal activity], Predators, Prey, prey] [Japan / Aso region / ]., Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Lycaenidae): [Prey]., Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis [Farming and agriculture / / Abundance on, Terrestrial habitat},
	isbn = {1343-8794},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14204021392},
	author = {Murata, Kouhei and Nohara, Keigo}
}
@article {270,
	title = {Low temperature acclimation in the desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae, Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Arachnology},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1985},
	note = {ZOOR12200013132},
	month = {1985},
	pages = {129-136},
	abstract = {A. aperta (Gertsch) inhabits desert grasslands and lava beds in the southwestern USA. The capacity of this species to cold-harden was assessed by exposing 2nd generation laboratory-reared specimens to an artificial low temperature cycle simulating the summer-autumn-winter transition. Low temperature acclimation had no effect on whole body supercooling points, freeze tolerance or rates of O2 consumption. Elevated levels of cryoprotectants were not detected using high performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Cold tolerance was similar between males, females and immatures. Exposure to temperatures immediately above the whole body supercooling point cused no apparent injury. Movement into protected overwintering microhabitats may obviate the necessity for the evolution of seasonal mechanisms of cold-hardening in A. aperta.},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, acclimation effects on oxygen consumption]., Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae)., Agelenopsis aperta [Oxygen consumption / / Low temperature acclimation, laboratory study] [Thermal acclimation / / Low, Metabolic rate, oxygen consumption relationship] [Temperature / / Low, Physical factors, relationship, temperature, Temperature relationships, Whole animal physiology},
	isbn = {0161-8202},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12200013132},
	author = {Lee, R. E., Jr. and Baust, J. G.}
}
@article {252,
	title = {Communities of ground-living spiders in six habitats on a mountain in Quebec, Canada},
	journal = {Holarctic Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1987},
	note = {ZOOR12400058058},
	month = {1987},
	pages = {278-285},
	abstract = {Ground-living spiders were studied, using pitfall traps, in six habitats between 580 and 960 m (deciduous forest, fir forest, forest-line and three alpine mountain top sites) on Mont du Lac des Cygnes. Altogether 88 species of spiders were found during the study summer (June-mid-September 1985), of which 51 belonged to Linyphiidae (s. lat.), 9 to Lycosidae and 8 to Gnaphosidae. The highest species number and diversity were found in the forest-line habitat, the highest individual number on the main summit and the lowest in deciduous forest, the lowest site. Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae species and individuals characterized the alpine habitats, Linyphiidae (especially Linyphiinae) the forested sites and Amaurobiidae and Agelenidae the deciduous forest site. Erigoninae occurred commonly at all sites; their individual numbers were very high at coniferous forest sites. The dominant species in all three alpine habitats was Pardosa concinna, on the forest-line Hybocoptus gibbosus, in balsam fir forest Sisicottus montanus and in deciduous forest Amaurobius borealis. The material included several (sub)arctic-alpine species.},
	keywords = {[Community comparisons / / ] [Forest / / Mountain habitat communities], [Mountain habitat / / Community analysis at different altitudes \&, [Quebec / / Laurentide Upland, Abiotic factors, Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Community structure / / effects of altitude \& vegetation], Canada, community, Ecology, Habitat, Land zones, Mont du Lac des Cygnes]., Nearctic region, North America, Physical factors, Terrestrial habitat, vegetation] [Altitude / / Mountain habitat community relationships]},
	isbn = {0105-9327},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400058058},
	author = {Koponen, S.}
}
@article {226,
	title = {Experimental disorders of internal metamerism in Tegenaria atrica C.L. Koch (Aranei Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Przeglad Zoologiczny},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1983},
	note = {ZOOR12000044980},
	month = {1983},
	pages = {219-223},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, alimentary system metameric disorders, Body form, cycle and development, Development, development] [Temperature / / Embryo development, Digestive system, Diseases and disorders, disorders, disorders]., effect on metameric, embryo thermal reaction] [Metamerism / / Disorders, General morphology, Life, nervous \& alimentary system] [Nervous system / / Metameric disorders, Nervous system, nervous system] [Developmental disorders / / Prosoma nervous \&, Parasites diseases and disorders, Physical factors, prosomal, Prosomal digestive tract \&, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica [Prosoma / / Nervous \& alimentary system metameric, Temperature effect in metameric disorders, temperature effect on embryo] [Digestive system / / ] [Embryology / /, Temperature effects during embryo},
	isbn = {0033-247X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12000044980},
	author = {Jacunski, L.}
}
@article {227,
	title = {Anomalies of the abdomen in Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch (Araneae Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ZOOR13900033055},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {183-188},
	abstract = {By exposing embryos of Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch to alternate temperatures of 12[degree]C and 32[degree]C, structural anomalies were caused in all abdominal metameres of that spider. The changes in the shape of abdomen and the persistence of stump appendages in the prothelar and postthelar zone of the abdomen are considered atavistic characteristics related to the phylogenetic past of Arachnida.},
	keywords = {Abiotic, adult, Development, effect on opisthsoma anomalies in adult]., Evolution, factors, General morphology, Life cycle and development, Opisthosoma anomalies, Parasites diseases and disorders, phylogenetic significance] [Embryo development / /, Physical factors, significance] [Diseases and disorders / Anomalies / ] [Temperature / /, Systematics, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica [Opisthosoma / / effect of temperature during embryo, temperature during embryo development, Temperature effect on opisthosoma anomalies in adult] [Phylogeny / /},
	isbn = {0867-1656},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13900033055},
	author = {Jacunski, Lech}
}
@article {229,
	title = {Interesting cases of polymely in Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch (Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ZOOR13900003411},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {149-151},
	abstract = {The paper brings a description of two individuals of Tegenaria atrica C.L. Koch, in which polymely was experimentally induced by heating the embryos with alternating temperatures of 14[degree]C and 32[degree]C. In one case the increase in the number of appendages was associated with simultaneous increase in the number of mid-gut caeca. A peculiarity found in the other monster was the absence of epimorphic abilities in its polymelic appendage. A close histological and anatomical analysis of the two monsters has verified the rule that the best indicator of any developmental changes are disturbances in the neuromerism of the nervous system. Other organs, particularly those of non-metameric origin, can exhibit a very pronounced morphological stability.},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, by thermal treatment] [Diseases and disorders / Teratology / Larval, Development, disorders, Larval polymely teratology induction by thermal treatment of embryo]., Life cycle and development, Parasites diseases and, Physical factors, polymely induction by thermal treatment of embryo] [Temperature / /, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica [Embryo development / / Polymely teratology induction},
	isbn = {0867-1656},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13900003411},
	author = {Jacunski, Lech and Napiorkowska, Teresa and Templin, Julita and Tesznar, Lidia}
}
@article {230,
	title = {Doubling of prosoma in larva of Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch (Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ZOOR13800039374},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {85-87},
	abstract = {As a result of experiments carried out on embryos of Tegenaria atrica C.L.Koch incubated at alternating temperatures, a larva with doubled prosoma was obtained. One of them showed normal size and typical structure, while the other was smaller in size and showed considerable changes in the number, arrangement and structure of appendages. A histological analysis of the doubled prosoma revealed the presence of two independent brains and two laterally connected subesophageal nervous masses.},
	keywords = {[Diseases and disorders / Prosoma doubling in larva / ] [Temperature /, / Embryo development relations]., Abiotic factors, Development, Diseases and disorders, embryo development] [Embryo development / / Temperature effects], General morphology, Life cycle and development, Parasites, Physical factors, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica [Prosoma / / Doubling in larva, temperature effects on},
	isbn = {0867-1656},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13800039374},
	author = {Jacunski, Lech and Templin, Julita and Napiorkowska, Teresa}
}
@article {175,
	title = {Ecological and biological studies on urban and rural spiders, especially on Hololena adnexa (Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1984},
	note = {ZOOR12300065132},
	month = {1984},
	pages = {770},
	keywords = {[Climate and weather / / ] [Spatial environment / / Plant habitat, [Embryology / / ] [Humidity / / Egg development time relationship], [Food availability / / Insect prey, [Temperature / / ] [California / / development \& reproduction]., Abiotic factors, Animals and man, arachnid, Araneae (Arachnida): [Predator]., Araneae [Habitat modification / / Community relationship, architecture, architecture] [California / / Biology]., areas] [Prey / / Insecta, Availability, Carnivorous feeding, Community structure, community structure relations], community structure relationship] [Urban habitat / / ], community] [California / / ]., density / / ] [Predators / / Araneae (Arachnida), Development, Diet, Ecology, effect on community] [Predator prey, effect on predator, Feeding, Habitat, Hololena adnexa (Araneae)., Hololena adnexa [Mating / / Observations, Influencing factors] [Plant and vegetation habitats / / Diversity \&, Insecta (Arthropoda): [Prey]., Insecta [Predator prey interactions / / Prey abundance, interactions / / Insect prey abundance] [Community structure / /, Land zones, Life cycle and development, Man made habitat, Nearctic region, North America, number / / ] [Life cycle / / Life history] [Development / / ], Nutrition, Physical factors, Population dynamics, Predation, predator community relationship] [Relative abundance / / ] [Population, productivity, Reproduction, reproductive, Reproductive behaviour, Terrestrial habitat, urban \& rural, urban \& rural areas] [Egg, USA},
	isbn = {0419-4217},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12300065132},
	author = {Fraser, J. B.}
}
@article {168,
	title = {The microhabitat of Tuberta maerens (Araneae, Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ZOOR13200037495},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {101-103},
	keywords = {[Forest and woodland / / Coppiced woodland, Abiotic factors, Animals and man, Brasenose Wood]., Commercial activities, Conservation, Conservation measures, distributional relationship] [England / / Oxfordshire, distributional relationships, Disturbance by man, Ecology, Eurasia, Europe, Habitat, habitat / / Microhabitat determination, Land zones, management implications] [Habitat management / / ] [Distribution within, management implications] [Temperature / / Coppiced woodland habitat, microhabitat analysis \&, Palaearctic, Physical factors, region, temperature significance], Terrestrial, Tuberta maerens (Araneae)., Tuberta maerens [Forestry / / Coppicing, United Kingdom},
	isbn = {0524-4994},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13200037495},
	author = {Evans, Karl L. and Hambler, Clive}
}
@article {90,
	title = {Acrocerid (Insecta: Diptera) life histories, behaviors, host spiders (Arachnida: Araneida), and distribution records},
	journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {125},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ZOOR13100026482},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {931-944},
	abstract = {The family Acroceridae (Insecta: Diptera; "Small Headed Flies") are a seldom seen yet cosmopolitan group of endoparasitoids of spiders. Recent host and distribution records are presented here for six species of acrocerids: Ogcodes borealis Cole, 1919; Ogcodes pallidipennis (Loew, 1866); Ogcodes sp.; Acrocera bimaculata Loew, 1866; Turbopsebius sulphuripes (Loew, 1869); and Exetasis eickstedtae Schlinger, 1972. New hosts for each fly species are: O. borealis-Schizocosa rovneri Uetz and Dondale, 1979, Pardosa spp.; O. pallidipennis-Schizocosa rovneri, Schizocosa spp.; Ogcodes sp.-Anyphaena californica (Banks, 1904); Acrocera bimaculata -Coras montanus (Emerton, 1890b); T. sulphuripes-C. montanus. Detailed field measurements and behavioral observations of host spiders and fly development are described and compared with known data. Examination of these comparisons suggests that host-parasitoid relationships follow spider guild associations (i.e. ground/surface dwelling hosts or those building webs in close contact with surfaces), especially with the spider family Agelenidae. These affiliations probably result from a combination of the spider{\textquoteright}s web building, web maintenance, hunting behaviors, and fly oviposition activities, which dispose spiders exhibiting these behaviors to greater chances for parasitoidism. These factors act in concert to increase probabilities for host-parasitoid interactions. Compiled data indicate duration of pupation may be related to ambient temperature. Evidence is presented that acrocerid larvae may alter their hosts{\textquoteright} behavior to increase the parasitoids{\textquoteright} probability of survival.},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, Acroceridae (Orthorrhapha): [Parasite]., Acroceridae [Metamorphosis / / Pupation duration, and disorders, Araneida (Araneae): [Host]., Araneida [Behaviour / / Dipteran parasitism relationship] [Dipteran, Behaviour, Development, Host parasite behaviour \&, Host parasite behaviour \& host development]., Hosts, Insect parasites, Life cycle and development, Parasites, parasites / / Acroceridae, Parasites diseases, Physical factors, pupation duration] [Temperature / / Pupation duration relations]., relations] [Arachnid hosts / / Araneida, temperature},
	isbn = {0008-347X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13100026482},
	author = {Cady, Alan and Leech, Robin and Sorkin, Louis and Stratton, Gail and Caldwell, Michael}
}
@article {26,
	title = {Molecular evidence for Pleistocene glacial cycles driving diversification of a North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101006872},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {3453-3465},
	abstract = {The influence of historical climatic vs. geological changes on species diversification patterns was investigated in a widely distributed North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae), with particular reference to Pleistocene glacial cycles and earlier patterns of mountain building. Levels of sequence divergence obtained from the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I, dated to the Pleistocene, eliminating Rocky Mountain orogeny as a cause of diversification, as orogeny ended 4 million years ago. The results of phylogenetic and network analyses showed the presence of three geographically defined clades, which were consistent with the presence of at least three glacial refugia: (i) east of the Rocky Mountains; (ii) between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevadas; and (iii) west of the Sierra Nevadas. In addition, populations within the Rocky Mountains exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity than populations east of the Rocky Mountains and the haplotypes found within the Rockies were a subset of eastern haplotypes. These patterns suggest that a post-Pleistocene range expansion occurred out of an eastern glacial refugium into the Rocky Mountains. Examination of phylogeographical studies of other North American desert taxa indicated that mountain building explained diversification patterns more effectively for some taxa but Pleistocene climate change was more important for others, including A. aperta.},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae): [Fossil]., Agelenopsis aperta [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA gene sequence /, Biochemistry, Caenozoic, Diversification patterns, diversification patterns] [North America / / ] [Pleistocene / / ]., Evolution, Genetics, Geological time periods, influence of climatic vs geological, influences] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Population genetics / /, Land zones, molecular evidence] [Biochemical variation / / Cytochrome oxidase I, mtDNA sequences] [Climate and weather / / Influence on diversification, Nearctic region, patterns] [Geophysical events / / Geological influences on, Physical factors, Proteins, Quaternary, Variation},
	isbn = {0962-1083},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101006872},
	author = {Ayoub, Nadia A. and Riechert, Susan E.}
}
@article {14,
	title = {Predicting range overlap in two closely related species of spiders},
	journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ZOOR14511070670},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {135-141},
	abstract = {1. Predicting when and where species are likely to experience inter-specific interactions as a result of climate change may be as relevant to understanding their evolutionary futures as predicting responses to physical environmental variables. 2. In this paper, models built using data for the distributions of two species of large house spider, Tegenaria saeva and T. gigantea (Agelenidae), from relatively long-established parts of their ranges are used to predict species overlap in a region of more recent range expansion. 3. Generalised linear models (GLMs) are used to identify the key environmental variables associated with the distributions of the spider species in an east[long dash]west band across central Britain. Using this model, the distributions of the two species both north and south of the central band are predicted and tested for how closely they matched observed distributions, and thus whether environmental factors are a sufficient explanation for current distribution patterns in England and Wales. 4. Results demonstrate that predictions of both species distributions and overlap in the south region are almost as good as in the model-building zone, but that predicted distributions in the north are no better than random. Here either climate is of no importance in determining species distributions or, perhaps more likely, the system is still in a state of flux and currently reflects the stochasticity of recent colonisation. 5. Further long-term monitoring of the populations may allow discrimination between alternative hypotheses that could explain the current mismatch between climate and species{\textquoteright} distributions},
	keywords = {[Climate and weather / Climate change / ] [England / / distribution], [Wales / / ]., Abiotic factors, Eurasia, Europe, Generalised linear models / range overlap of species prediction], Land zones, Palaearctic, Physical factors, region, Techniques, Tegenaria gigantea, Tegenaria gigantea (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva (Araneae)., Tegenaria saeva [Mathematical techniques /, United Kingdom},
	isbn = {1752-458X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14511070670},
	author = {Anderson, Barbara J. and Bai, Yixuan and Thomas, Chris D. and Oxford, Geoff S.}
}
@article {7,
	title = {Feeding and growth of Coelotes atropos (Araneae, Agelenidae) at low temperatures},
	journal = {Journal of Arachnology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1981},
	note = {ZOOR11800036248},
	month = {1981},
	pages = {327-330},
	abstract = {Feeding by C. atropos decreases sharply at and below 6.degree. C compared to that at 8.degree. C and 10.degree. C. As temperature decreases, each individual requires less energy in terms of calories. No growth occurred below 8.degree. C, suggesting a developmental zero between 6-8.degree. C.},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, Coelotes atropos (Araneae)., Coelotes atropos [Feeding / / Temperature relationships] [Growth / /, Development, Feeding, Life cycle and development, Physical factors, Temperature minimum] [Temperature / / Feeding \& growth relationships].},
	isbn = {0161-8202},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11800036248},
	author = {Aitchison, C. W.}
}
