| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication: | 2010 |
| Authors: | J. A. Miller, Carmichael, A., Ramirez, M. J., Spagna, J. C., Haddad, C. R., Rezac, M., Johannesen, J., Kral, J., Wang, X. - P., Griswold, C. E. |
| Journal: | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |
| Volume: | 55 |
| Pagination: | 786-804 |
| Date Published: | 2010 |
| ISBN Number: | 1055-7903 |
| Keywords: | [Evolution / / ] [Phylogeny / Cladistics / ]., [Nucleic acids / DNA sequence analysis / ] [Molecular genetics / / ], 801]., Alloclubionoides - Paik 1992 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Amaurobiidae, p. 801]., Amaurobiidae, p. 802]., Appendages, Bifidocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Biochemistry, Coelotes - Blackwall 1841 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Coras - Simon 1898 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Draconarius - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Entelegynae (Araneae)., Entelegynae [Spinnerets / Cribellum evolution / taxonomic implications], Eresidae, p. 801]., Eurocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Evolution, Femoracoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, from Amaurobiidae, p. 802]., General morphology, Genetics, Himalcoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Iwogumoa - Kishida 1955 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Leptocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Lineacoelotes - Xu, Li & Wang 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Longicoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Notiocoelotes - Wang, Xu & Li 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Orumcekia - Kocak & Kemal 2008 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Penestomidae - Simon 1903 (Araneae): [Raised from, Penestominae, p., Penestominae - Simon 1903 (Araneae): [Raised to, Penestomidae, p. 801]., Penestomus - Simon 1902 (Araneae): [Referred to, Penestomidae from, Pireneitega - Kishida 1955 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Platocoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Robusticoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Spiricoelotes - Wang 2002 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Status, Systematics, Tamgrinia - Lehtinen 1967 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Taxonomic position, Taxonomy, Tegecoelotes - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae, Tonsilla - Wang & Yin 1992 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Urocoras - Ovtchinnikov 1999 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from, Wadotes - Chamberlin 1925 (Araneae): [Referred to, Ageleniidae from |
| Abstract: | Penestomine spiders were first described from females only and placed in the family Eresidae. Discovery of the male decades later brought surprises, especially in the morphology of the male pedipalp, which features (among other things) a retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA). The presence of an RTA is synapomorphic for a large clade of spiders exclusive of Eresidae. A molecular data matrix based on four loci was constructed to test two alternative hypotheses: (1) penestomines are eresids and the RTA is convergent, or (2) penestomines belong within the RTA clade. Taxon sampling concentrated on the Eresidae and the RTA clade, especially outside of the Dionycha and Lycosoidea. Evolution of the cribellum, conventionally characterized as a primitive araneomorph spinning organ lost multiple times, is explored. Parsimony optimization indicates repeated appearances of the cribellum. Exploration of asymmetric rates of loss and gain in both a likelihood framework and using a Sankoff matrix under parsimony reveals that cribellum homology is supported when losses are two times more likely than gains. We suggest that when complicated characters appear (under parsimony optimization) to evolve multiple times, investigators should consider alternative reconstructions featuring a relatively high rate of loss. Evolution of other morphological characters is also investigated. The results imply revised circumscription of some RTA-clade families, including Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Cybaeidae, Dictynidae and Hahniidae. Some nomenclatural changes are formally proposed here; others await further investigation. The family Penestomidae (NEW RANK) is established. Tamgrinia, not Neoramia, is the cribellate sister clade of the ecribellate Agelenidae. Tamgrinia and the subfamily Coelotinae are transferred from the family Amaurobiidae to the family Agelenidae. Zanomys and its relatives are not coelotines but belong to a clade tentatively identified as Macrobuninae. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| URL: | <Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14608055960 |
