TY - JOUR T1 - Body burdens of metals in spiders from the Lidice coal dump near Ostrava (Czech Republic) JF - Biologia (Bratislava) Y1 - 2005 A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna A1 - Babczynska, Agnieszka A1 - Majkus, Zdenek SP - 599 EP - 605 KW - / Content] [Metals / Heavy metals / ] [Czech Republic / Ostrava, Lidice KW - / taxonomy & web type relations]. KW - Abiotic factors KW - Animal KW - Araneae (Arachnida). KW - Araneae [Pollutants / Heavy metal content / foraging strategies KW - Biochemistry KW - Chemical factors KW - Chemical pollution KW - constructions KW - Ecology KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Habitat KW - habitat / Coal dump habitat / ] [Metal pollution / Heavy metal pollution KW - Land zones KW - Nutrition KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pollution KW - relations] [Foraging / Hunting strategies / ] [Webs / / Type] [Man made KW - Systematics KW - taxonomic position & web type relations] [Diet / / Heavy metal content AB - Spiders' feeding behaviour and external digestion expose them to man-made pollutants, especially those easily transferred along the food chain. The problem for this study was whether the levels of heavy metals in selected species of spiders from the Lidice coal dump reflect adaptation to environmental pollutants. We used flameless and flame AAS to measure the whole-body concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni and Mg in male and female spiders differing in their hunting strategies, type of web construction, prey, and taxonomic position (Araneidae, Agelenidae, Linyphiidae, Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae, Pisauridae, Clubionidae, Philodromidae). The levels of metals found in the spiders were species-dependent, indicating differences related to the hunting strategy and type of prey. Accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn was always higher in ground spiders than in web-constructing species. Sheet-web spiders Linyphia triangularis and wandering spiders Clubiona lutescens had the lowest Cd, Mg and Cu content of all the studied species. Web-building spiders of the Tetragnathidae family showed the highest Cd, Cu and Pb content, even in species with feeding behaviour similar to spiders of other families. There were no interspecific differences in accumulation only for Fe and Mg. The concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb were lower in females than in males, irrespective of their taxonomic position and the intensity of their hunting activity. This may suggest that females have better metal-excretion ability than males. VL - 60 SN - 0006-3088 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14205026618 N1 - ZOOR14205026618 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nesting behavior of Anoplius liukiu, in comparison with another semi-aquatic spider wasp, A. eous (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) JF - Japanese Journal of Entomology Y1 - 1997 A1 - Shimizu, Akira SP - 482 EP - 499 KW - [Japan / / Honshu KW - / / Structure] [Semiaquatic habitat / / ] [Japan / / Honshu KW - Animal KW - Anoplius eous KW - Anoplius eous (Pompilidae): [Predator]. KW - Anoplius liukiu (Pompilidae): [Predator]. KW - Anoplius liukiu [Arachnid prey / / Araneae KW - Araneae (Arachnida): [Prey]. KW - Araneae [Insect predators / / Anoplius eous & A. liukiu (Hymenoptera) KW - Asia KW - behaviour / / Nesting behaviour] [Reproductive behaviour / / ] [Nests KW - comparative study] KW - comparative study] [Feeding KW - constructions KW - Diet KW - Ecology KW - Eurasia KW - Habitat KW - Hymenopteran predator nesting behaviour & KW - Land zones KW - nesting behaviour & transport of prey KW - Nutrition KW - Palaearctic region KW - Predator KW - Predator nesting behaviour & transport of prey KW - Predators KW - Prey KW - Reproduction KW - Saitama KW - Saitama]. KW - transport of prey]. AB - Anoplius liukiu (DALLA TORRE) exhibits several characteristics in its nesting behavior. Females build their nests in the ground before hunting. They transport prey walking backward on the ground, grasping it in their mandibles by the base of the legs. Alternatively they may drag it forward along the surface film of the water, using their wings for locomotion, grasping it by the middle of the first or second leg, as do females of A. eous YASUMATSU. Their nests are often excavated in pre-existing large burrows opening into stream banks and contain 1-4 cells. Their prey consists of immature or adult males and females of Pardosa pseudoannulata (BOSFNBERG et STRAND) (Lycosidae). Other prey taken was an adult female of Pirata clercki (BOSENBERG et STRAND) (Lycosidae) and a juvenile of Coelotes sp. (Agelenidae). Nesting behavior and some morphological characteristics of this species are compared with those of A. eous, which occupies the same habitat as A. liukiu but is more versatile in its nesting and more adapted for a semi-aquatic mode of life. VL - 65 SN - 0915-5805 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13400060030 N1 - ZOOR13400060030 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ecology of the cooperative spider Agelena consociata in equatorial Africa (Araneae, Agelenidae) JF - Journal of Arachnology Y1 - 1986 A1 - Reichert, S. E. A1 - Roeloffs, R. A1 - Echternacht, A. C. SP - 175 EP - 191 KW - [Climate and weather / / Rain] [Gabon / / M'Passa KW - / / Colony composition & size KW - Abiotic factors KW - Africa KW - Afrotropical region KW - Agelena consociata (Araneae). KW - Agelena consociata [Energy requirements / / Energy budget & colony size KW - Animal KW - Behaviour KW - budget & fecundity] [Webs / / Survival KW - budget] [Population size / / Colony KW - Colony size KW - constructions KW - Ecology KW - effect KW - effect of rain & colony size] KW - effect on egg production & energy KW - effect on web survival KW - energy KW - Energy budget KW - fertility & web survival]. KW - Land zones KW - Nutrition KW - on energy budget KW - Physical factors KW - Population dynamics KW - relationship] [Fecundity / / Colony size relationship] [Group behaviour KW - Reproduction KW - Reproductive productivity KW - Social behaviour VL - 14 SN - 0161-8202 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400035163 N1 - ZOOR12400035163 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Social behaviour in a web-building lynx spider, Tapinillus sp. (Araneae: Oxyopidae) JF - Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Y1 - 1994 A1 - Aviles, Leticia SP - 163 EP - 176 KW - / / ] [Ecuador / / Sucumbios KW - & communal feeding in communal webs KW - Animal KW - Behaviour KW - behaviour in communal webs]. KW - communal webs KW - constructions KW - Cooperative KW - cooperative behaviour relationships] [Webs KW - Cuyabeno Nature Reserve KW - Ecology KW - Ecuador]. KW - Feeding behaviour KW - first report KW - first report for KW - Foraging KW - Land zones KW - Neotropical region KW - Nutrition KW - Oxyopidae (Araneae). KW - Oxyopidae [Cooperative behaviour / / Prey capture & communal feeding in KW - Oxyopidae] [Food capture / / ] [Cooperative behaviour / / Prey capture KW - Population dynamics KW - Population structure KW - sex ratio / / Communal webs KW - Sex ratio relations] [Population KW - Social behaviour KW - South America KW - Tapinillus (Araneae). KW - Tapinillus [Food handling / / Communal feeding AB - Social behaviour involving cooperative prey capture and communal feeding is reported for the first time in the spider family Oxyopidae (lynx spiders), in a web-building species of the genus Tapinillus. This social spider inhabits communal webs that may contain several dozen individuals, including adults of both sexes and juveniles of different cohorts. Its colonies occur in clusters and appear to be long-lived, much like those of non-territorial permanently social species such as Anelosimus eximius (Theridiidae) or Agelena consociata (Agelenidae). However, unlike colonies of these other cooperative spiders, the colonies of the social Tapinillus do not have highly female-biased sex ratios. The possible explanations for this difference are discussed. VL - 52 SN - 0024-4066 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13100027202 N1 - ZOOR13100027202 ER -