TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptosis and biochemical biomarkers of stress in spiders from industrially polluted areas exposed to high temperature and dimethoate JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology Y1 - 2005 A1 - Wilczek, Grazyna SP - 194 EP - 206 KW - [Temperature / High temperature / ] [Poland / Olkusz & Pilica / KW - Abiotic factors KW - Agelena labyrinthica KW - Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae). KW - Apoptosis / Midgut gland KW - Apoptosis & biochemical biomarkers of stress KW - Biochemistry KW - biomarkers KW - Chemical factors KW - Chemical pollution KW - Digestive system KW - enzyme activity / ] [Digestive gland / / Apoptosis & chemical stress KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - gland apoptosis & biochemical stress marker responses to temperature & KW - individuals from metal polluted sites] [Enzymes / Antioxidant KW - individuals from polluted sites] [Metal pollution / / Midgut KW - Land zones KW - Life cycle and development KW - metallothionein / Stress biomarkers KW - Midgut gland apoptosis & biochemical stress marker responses] KW - Palaearctic region KW - Pardosa lugubris (Araneae). KW - Pardosa lugubris [Proteins / Heat shock proteins & KW - pesticide KW - pesticide exposure]. KW - pesticide relationship] [Fertilizers and pesticides / Dimethoate / KW - Physical factors KW - Pollution KW - Proteins KW - responses to high temperature & KW - responses to temperature & KW - stress biomarker response to temperature & KW - temperature & pesticide pollution exposure] [Development / AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; catalase) and quantitative changes in stress protein positive cells (Hsp70; metallothionein) in midgut glands of funnel web spiders Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and wolf spiders Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) exposed to high temperature and pesticide under laboratory conditions. The spiders were collected from two meadow ecosystems differently polluted with metals (Olkusz and Pilica, southern Poland). Under stress conditions, P. lugubris had fewer apoptotic cells in the midgut glands than A. labyrinthica. In P. lugubris from both sites, the observed increase in the percentage of metallothionein and Hsp70-positive cells, simultaneous with intensification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, suggests an anti-apoptotic function of those proteins in representatives of wandering spiders. In the midgut glands of A. labyrinthica, heat shock and dimethoate increased the number of Annexin V-positive cells as well as the amounts of mitochondria with low transmembrane potential ([DELTA][PSI]m) versus the control. The changes in the percentage of MT and Hsp70-positive cells in funnel web spiders were less than in wolf spiders. The absence of change in SOD and CAT activity in A. labyrinthica shows that the participation of those enzymes in antioxidant reactions is minimal in this species. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. VL - 141 SN - 1532-0456 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201000233 N1 - ZOOR14201000233 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disturbances in the structure of the prosoma in Tegenaria atrica induced by alternating temperatures (Araneae: Agelenidae) JF - Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society Y1 - 2009 A1 - Templin, Julita A1 - Jacunski, Lech A1 - Napiorkowska, Teresa SP - 303 EP - 307 KW - / / ] [Diseases and disorders / / ] [Temperature / Alternating KW - Abiotic factors KW - disorders KW - General morphology KW - Life cycle and development KW - Parasites diseases and KW - Physical factors KW - Tegenaria atrica (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria atrica [Prosoma / Prosoma structure anomalies / ] [Development KW - temperatures / ]. AB - Some unique cases of bicephality in Tegenaria atriea C. L. Koch are described. This phenomenon is known to be the result of broadening and then sagittal bifurcation of the anterior germ band. In consequence there develop two head tagmae. equivalent if the germ band divides symmetrically or non-equivalent if the division is asymmetrical. The bifurcation of the germ band can be shallow. which produces two heads, or deep. which may lead to the development of so-called "Siamese twins". A less frequent cause of bicephality is bifurcation across the anterior end of the germ band in the horizontal plane. Then two head somites develop, the main head, usually with a normal structure. and a so-called accessory head. usually incomplete. situated one above the other. In the authors' opinion the study of the morphology of the anterior body in bicephalous individuals provides exceptional opportunities for studying the inter-relations between the functioning of the particular parts of the brain and widely understood behaviour of spiders. VL - 14 SN - 0524-4994 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14508050421 N1 - ZOOR14508050421 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polarisationsempfindlichkeit rhabdomerialer Systeme in den Hauptaugen der Trichterspinne Agelena gracilens (Arachnida: Araneae: Agelenidae) JF - Entomologica Germ Y1 - 1976 A1 - Schroer, W. D. SP - 88 EP - 92 KW - Abiotic factors KW - Agelena gracilens (Araneae). KW - Agelena gracilens [Eye / / Rhabdoms KW - Comparative study] [Light / / KW - Ommatidium rhabdom]. KW - Photoreception KW - Physical factors KW - Polarised light KW - Sensitivity to light KW - Sensory reception VL - 3 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR11300018750 N1 - ZOOR11300018750 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the biology of species of the genus Coelotes (Araneae, Agelenidae) in central European mountains JF - Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca Y1 - 1992 A1 - Sechterova, Eva SP - 337 EP - 349 KW - [Foraging / / Hunting activity] [Reproduction / / Seasonal dynamics KW - / / Vegetation type & altitude influence on biology] [Altitude / / KW - & vegetation type relationships] [Relative abundance / / ] [Population KW - Abiotic factors KW - altitude & vegetation relationships] [Parental care / / Mother care of KW - altitude & vegetation type KW - Behaviour KW - Beskydy KW - Coelotes atropos KW - Coelotes atropos (Araneae): [Predator]. KW - Coelotes inermis KW - Coelotes inermis (Araneae): [Predator]. KW - Coelotes terrestris (Araneae): [Predator]. KW - Coelotes terrestris [Prey / / KW - community KW - Composition KW - Diet KW - dynamics / / ] [Distribution within habitat / / ] [Terrestrial habitat KW - Ecology KW - Ecology & behaviour relationships] [Czech Republic / / Moravia KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Habitat KW - Land zones KW - Life cycle and development KW - Mountains KW - Nutrition KW - observations] [Activity patterns / / ] [Ecological niche / / Altitude KW - observations] [Food preferences / / Prey composition] KW - Palaearctic region KW - Physical factors KW - relations]. KW - Reproduction KW - reproduction & behaviour KW - reproductive KW - spiderlings] [Development / / Spiderling development & maternal care KW - Structure AB - This paper gives basic information on the ecology, seasonal dynamics, annual rhythm, mobility and ethology of three spider species of the genus Coelotes (C.L. Koch. 1936) - C. atropos (Walck., 1825), C. inermis (C.L. Koch, 1868) and C. terrestris (Wid., 1834). All these species often live together in some biotopes. The overlapping of spider niches is postulated and some factors allowing the species coexistence are discussed. VL - 89 SN - 0001-5601 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13000002895 N1 - ZOOR13000002895 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ecology of the cooperative spider Agelena consociata in equatorial Africa (Araneae, Agelenidae) JF - Journal of Arachnology Y1 - 1986 A1 - Reichert, S. E. A1 - Roeloffs, R. A1 - Echternacht, A. C. SP - 175 EP - 191 KW - [Climate and weather / / Rain] [Gabon / / M'Passa KW - / / Colony composition & size KW - Abiotic factors KW - Africa KW - Afrotropical region KW - Agelena consociata (Araneae). KW - Agelena consociata [Energy requirements / / Energy budget & colony size KW - Animal KW - Behaviour KW - budget & fecundity] [Webs / / Survival KW - budget] [Population size / / Colony KW - Colony size KW - constructions KW - Ecology KW - effect KW - effect of rain & colony size] KW - effect on egg production & energy KW - effect on web survival KW - energy KW - Energy budget KW - fertility & web survival]. KW - Land zones KW - Nutrition KW - on energy budget KW - Physical factors KW - Population dynamics KW - relationship] [Fecundity / / Colony size relationship] [Group behaviour KW - Reproduction KW - Reproductive productivity KW - Social behaviour VL - 14 SN - 0161-8202 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400035163 N1 - ZOOR12400035163 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance and prey of Coelotes terrestris (Wider) (Araneae, Agelenidae) in hedges JF - Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society Y1 - 1990 A1 - Petto, R. SP - 185 EP - 193 KW - / ] [Germany / / Aachen KW - & microclimate relationship] [Habitat preference / / ] [Terrestrial KW - Abiotic factors KW - Abundance & prey composition]. KW - Coelotes terrestris (Araneae): [Predator]. KW - Coelotes terrestris [Prey / / Arthropoda KW - Composition KW - Diet KW - Ecology KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Habitat KW - habitat / / Hedge structure & microclimate influence on abundance & KW - Habitat utilization KW - hedge structure & microclimate] [Population density / / Hedge structure KW - influence of KW - Land zones KW - microclimate influence on abundance & prey composition] [Temperature / KW - Nutrition KW - Palaearctic KW - Physical factors KW - Population dynamics KW - prey composition] [Man made habitat / / ] [Humidity / / Hedge KW - region VL - 8 SN - 0524-4994 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12700032450 N1 - ZOOR12700032450 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal activity of boreal forest-floor spiders (Araneae) JF - Journal of Arachnology Y1 - 1994 A1 - Niemela, Jari A1 - Pajunen, Timo A1 - Haila, Yrjo A1 - Punttila, Pekka A1 - Halme, Eero SP - 23 EP - 31 KW - [Community structure / / Seasonal KW - Abiotic factors KW - Activity patterns KW - Araneae (Arachnida). KW - Araneae [Seasonal activity / / Activity peaks KW - Behaviour KW - community structure relations] [Finland / / ]. KW - coniferous forest] KW - Ecology KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Habitat KW - Land zones KW - Palaearctic region KW - Physical factors KW - Rainfall KW - rainfall relations] [Forest and KW - Terrestrial habitat KW - woodland / / community structure & activity] [Climate and weather / / AB - We studied the seasonal occurrence of forest-floor spiders by collecting samples with 100 pitfall traps operated throughout the growing season of 1985 in a mature coniferous stand in southern Finland. Samples were collected at five-day intervals in May-August and at longer intervals in September-November. The entire sample from the 26 trapping periods consisted of 6753 adult spiders of 100 species. The overall abundance and species richness was highest in the early season, May and June. Seasonal spider catch was not correlated with fluctuations in temperature. but was negatively correlated with rainfall. Nine of the ten abundant species ( gtoreq 2% of the sample each) belonged to the family Linyphiidae (sensu lato) and one to the family Agelenidae. Macrargus rufus (Wider) was the most abundant species comprising approximately 1/3 of the sample followed by Lepthyphantes alacris (Blackwall) (17% of the sample). The activity peaks of the ten abundant species were usually short, only a few weeks, and occurred in the early and mid-season, May-July. Only L. alacris was collected every trapping period. Although numbers of males clearly exceeded that of females in most species, the seasonal occurrence of the sexes coincided. Our results differ somewhat from earlier observations about spider phenology in Finland. It is possible that this discrepancy depends to a great extent on different sampling methods used. VL - 22 SN - 0161-8202 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13100038325 N1 - ZOOR13100038325 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interspecific relations among insects and spiders in the habitat of Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Matsumura) in Aso area JF - Japanese Journal of Entomology New Series Y1 - 2005 A1 - Murata, Kouhei A1 - Nohara, Keigo SP - 79 EP - 90 KW - [Grassland / / Seasonal community structure & predators of lepidopteran KW - [Japan / Aso region / ]. KW - / Influencing factors] [Arachnid predators / Araneae / Records on food KW - Abiotic KW - Animals and man KW - Araneae (Arachnida): [Predator]. KW - Araneae [Insect prey / Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Lepidoptera) / KW - Asia KW - Commercial activities KW - Community structure on plants] [Fire / Burning / ] [Japan / Aso region / KW - Diet KW - Disturbance by man KW - Ecology KW - effects] [Community structure / / Influencing factors] [Grassland / / KW - Eurasia KW - factors KW - food plants effects] [Food plants / Sophora flavescens / Abundance KW - Habitat KW - influencing factors & arachnid predator records] [Population dynamics / KW - Insecta (Arthropoda). KW - Insecta [Farming and agriculture / / Community structure on plants KW - Land zones KW - Nutrition KW - Palaearctic region KW - Physical factors KW - plants] [Grassland / / Abundance on food plants] [Fire / Burning / ] KW - Predator records] [Community structure / / Seasonal activity] KW - Predators KW - Prey KW - prey] [Japan / Aso region / ]. KW - Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Lycaenidae): [Prey]. KW - Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis [Farming and agriculture / / Abundance on KW - Terrestrial habitat AB - The abundance of lycaenid, Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis is reduced by environmental change in some habitats in the Aso area. Our investigation of the influence of pasturage and grassland burning upon the abundance of insects and spiders on the host plant, Sophora flavescens indicated the following facts: (1) Collected from the host plant of this butterfly were 10 families, 19 species of spider. Thomisid spiders were most aboundant, followed by araneid spiders. (2) A number of spiders preyed on this butterfly: Linyphia radiata (Linyphiidae), Agelena limbata (Agelenidae), Neoscona adianta (Araneidae), Tibellus tenellus (Philodromidae), Xysticus ephippiatus (Thomisidae), Misumenops tricuspidatus (Thomisidae), Carrthotus xanthogramma (Salticidae). (3) The insect fauna on the host plant of this butterfly was from 41 families, 56 species from April to July. Dominant species were larvae of this butterfly, Formica japonica (Formicidae) and Camponotus japonicus (Formicidae). (4) Under the non-pasturage or non-grassland burning, the population of larvae of this butterfly, F japonica and C. japonicus decreased markedly. On the other hand, the spider density of the field under the non pasturage or non fire burning was higher than that of the field under the pasturage and grassland burning, especially Thomisidae. These results suggested that the number of ants and larvae of this butterfly on the host plant decreased in the habitat under the non-pasturage or non-grassland burning. The population of this butterfly decreased in these environments. VL - 8 SN - 1343-8794 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14204021392 N1 - ZOOR14204021392 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low temperature acclimation in the desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae, Agelenidae) JF - Journal of Arachnology Y1 - 1985 A1 - Lee, R. E., Jr. A1 - Baust, J. G. SP - 129 EP - 136 KW - Abiotic factors KW - acclimation effects on oxygen consumption]. KW - Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae). KW - Agelenopsis aperta [Oxygen consumption / / Low temperature acclimation KW - laboratory study] [Thermal acclimation / / Low KW - Metabolic rate KW - oxygen consumption relationship] [Temperature / / Low KW - Physical factors KW - relationship KW - temperature KW - Temperature relationships KW - Whole animal physiology AB - A. aperta (Gertsch) inhabits desert grasslands and lava beds in the southwestern USA. The capacity of this species to cold-harden was assessed by exposing 2nd generation laboratory-reared specimens to an artificial low temperature cycle simulating the summer-autumn-winter transition. Low temperature acclimation had no effect on whole body supercooling points, freeze tolerance or rates of O2 consumption. Elevated levels of cryoprotectants were not detected using high performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Cold tolerance was similar between males, females and immatures. Exposure to temperatures immediately above the whole body supercooling point cused no apparent injury. Movement into protected overwintering microhabitats may obviate the necessity for the evolution of seasonal mechanisms of cold-hardening in A. aperta. VL - 13 SN - 0161-8202 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12200013132 N1 - ZOOR12200013132 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communities of ground-living spiders in six habitats on a mountain in Quebec, Canada JF - Holarctic Ecology Y1 - 1987 A1 - Koponen, S. SP - 278 EP - 285 KW - [Community comparisons / / ] [Forest / / Mountain habitat communities] KW - [Mountain habitat / / Community analysis at different altitudes & KW - [Quebec / / Laurentide Upland KW - Abiotic factors KW - Araneae (Arachnida). KW - Araneae [Community structure / / effects of altitude & vegetation] KW - Canada KW - community KW - Ecology KW - Habitat KW - Land zones KW - Mont du Lac des Cygnes]. KW - Nearctic region KW - North America KW - Physical factors KW - Terrestrial habitat KW - vegetation] [Altitude / / Mountain habitat community relationships] AB - Ground-living spiders were studied, using pitfall traps, in six habitats between 580 and 960 m (deciduous forest, fir forest, forest-line and three alpine mountain top sites) on Mont du Lac des Cygnes. Altogether 88 species of spiders were found during the study summer (June-mid-September 1985), of which 51 belonged to Linyphiidae (s. lat.), 9 to Lycosidae and 8 to Gnaphosidae. The highest species number and diversity were found in the forest-line habitat, the highest individual number on the main summit and the lowest in deciduous forest, the lowest site. Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae species and individuals characterized the alpine habitats, Linyphiidae (especially Linyphiinae) the forested sites and Amaurobiidae and Agelenidae the deciduous forest site. Erigoninae occurred commonly at all sites; their individual numbers were very high at coniferous forest sites. The dominant species in all three alpine habitats was Pardosa concinna, on the forest-line Hybocoptus gibbosus, in balsam fir forest Sisicottus montanus and in deciduous forest Amaurobius borealis. The material included several (sub)arctic-alpine species. VL - 10 SN - 0105-9327 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400058058 N1 - ZOOR12400058058 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental disorders of internal metamerism in Tegenaria atrica C.L. Koch (Aranei Agelenidae) JF - Przeglad Zoologiczny Y1 - 1983 A1 - Jacunski, L. SP - 219 EP - 223 KW - Abiotic factors KW - alimentary system metameric disorders KW - Body form KW - cycle and development KW - Development KW - development] [Temperature / / Embryo development KW - Digestive system KW - Diseases and disorders KW - disorders KW - disorders]. KW - effect on metameric KW - embryo thermal reaction] [Metamerism / / Disorders KW - General morphology KW - Life KW - nervous & alimentary system] [Nervous system / / Metameric disorders KW - Nervous system KW - nervous system] [Developmental disorders / / Prosoma nervous & KW - Parasites diseases and disorders KW - Physical factors KW - prosomal KW - Prosomal digestive tract & KW - Tegenaria atrica (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria atrica [Prosoma / / Nervous & alimentary system metameric KW - Temperature effect in metameric disorders KW - temperature effect on embryo] [Digestive system / / ] [Embryology / / KW - Temperature effects during embryo VL - 27 SN - 0033-247X UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12000044980 N1 - ZOOR12000044980 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anomalies of the abdomen in Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch (Araneae Agelenidae) JF - Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences Y1 - 2002 A1 - Jacunski, Lech SP - 183 EP - 188 KW - Abiotic KW - adult KW - Development KW - effect on opisthsoma anomalies in adult]. KW - Evolution KW - factors KW - General morphology KW - Life cycle and development KW - Opisthosoma anomalies KW - Parasites diseases and disorders KW - phylogenetic significance] [Embryo development / / KW - Physical factors KW - significance] [Diseases and disorders / Anomalies / ] [Temperature / / KW - Systematics KW - Tegenaria atrica (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria atrica [Opisthosoma / / effect of temperature during embryo KW - temperature during embryo development KW - Temperature effect on opisthosoma anomalies in adult] [Phylogeny / / AB - By exposing embryos of Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch to alternate temperatures of 12[degree]C and 32[degree]C, structural anomalies were caused in all abdominal metameres of that spider. The changes in the shape of abdomen and the persistence of stump appendages in the prothelar and postthelar zone of the abdomen are considered atavistic characteristics related to the phylogenetic past of Arachnida. VL - 50 SN - 0867-1656 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13900033055 N1 - ZOOR13900033055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interesting cases of polymely in Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch (Agelenidae) JF - Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences Y1 - 2002 A1 - Jacunski, Lech A1 - Napiorkowska, Teresa A1 - Templin, Julita A1 - Tesznar, Lidia SP - 149 EP - 151 KW - Abiotic factors KW - by thermal treatment] [Diseases and disorders / Teratology / Larval KW - Development KW - disorders KW - Larval polymely teratology induction by thermal treatment of embryo]. KW - Life cycle and development KW - Parasites diseases and KW - Physical factors KW - polymely induction by thermal treatment of embryo] [Temperature / / KW - Tegenaria atrica (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria atrica [Embryo development / / Polymely teratology induction AB - The paper brings a description of two individuals of Tegenaria atrica C.L. Koch, in which polymely was experimentally induced by heating the embryos with alternating temperatures of 14[degree]C and 32[degree]C. In one case the increase in the number of appendages was associated with simultaneous increase in the number of mid-gut caeca. A peculiarity found in the other monster was the absence of epimorphic abilities in its polymelic appendage. A close histological and anatomical analysis of the two monsters has verified the rule that the best indicator of any developmental changes are disturbances in the neuromerism of the nervous system. Other organs, particularly those of non-metameric origin, can exhibit a very pronounced morphological stability. VL - 50 SN - 0867-1656 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13900003411 N1 - ZOOR13900003411 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Doubling of prosoma in larva of Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch (Agelenidae) JF - Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences Y1 - 2002 A1 - Jacunski, Lech A1 - Templin, Julita A1 - Napiorkowska, Teresa SP - 85 EP - 87 KW - [Diseases and disorders / Prosoma doubling in larva / ] [Temperature / KW - / Embryo development relations]. KW - Abiotic factors KW - Development KW - Diseases and disorders KW - embryo development] [Embryo development / / Temperature effects] KW - General morphology KW - Life cycle and development KW - Parasites KW - Physical factors KW - Tegenaria atrica (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria atrica [Prosoma / / Doubling in larva KW - temperature effects on AB - As a result of experiments carried out on embryos of Tegenaria atrica C.L.Koch incubated at alternating temperatures, a larva with doubled prosoma was obtained. One of them showed normal size and typical structure, while the other was smaller in size and showed considerable changes in the number, arrangement and structure of appendages. A histological analysis of the doubled prosoma revealed the presence of two independent brains and two laterally connected subesophageal nervous masses. VL - 50 SN - 0867-1656 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13800039374 N1 - ZOOR13800039374 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological and biological studies on urban and rural spiders, especially on Hololena adnexa (Araneae: Agelenidae) JF - Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering Y1 - 1984 A1 - Fraser, J. B. SP - 770 KW - [Climate and weather / / ] [Spatial environment / / Plant habitat KW - [Embryology / / ] [Humidity / / Egg development time relationship] KW - [Food availability / / Insect prey KW - [Temperature / / ] [California / / development & reproduction]. KW - Abiotic factors KW - Animals and man KW - arachnid KW - Araneae (Arachnida): [Predator]. KW - Araneae [Habitat modification / / Community relationship KW - architecture KW - architecture] [California / / Biology]. KW - areas] [Prey / / Insecta KW - Availability KW - Carnivorous feeding KW - Community structure KW - community structure relations] KW - community structure relationship] [Urban habitat / / ] KW - community] [California / / ]. KW - density / / ] [Predators / / Araneae (Arachnida) KW - Development KW - Diet KW - Ecology KW - effect on community] [Predator prey KW - effect on predator KW - Feeding KW - Habitat KW - Hololena adnexa (Araneae). KW - Hololena adnexa [Mating / / Observations KW - Influencing factors] [Plant and vegetation habitats / / Diversity & KW - Insecta (Arthropoda): [Prey]. KW - Insecta [Predator prey interactions / / Prey abundance KW - interactions / / Insect prey abundance] [Community structure / / KW - Land zones KW - Life cycle and development KW - Man made habitat KW - Nearctic region KW - North America KW - number / / ] [Life cycle / / Life history] [Development / / ] KW - Nutrition KW - Physical factors KW - Population dynamics KW - Predation KW - predator community relationship] [Relative abundance / / ] [Population KW - productivity KW - Reproduction KW - reproductive KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Terrestrial habitat KW - urban & rural KW - urban & rural areas] [Egg KW - USA VL - 45 SN - 0419-4217 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR12300065132 N1 - ZOOR12300065132 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The microhabitat of Tuberta maerens (Araneae, Agelenidae) JF - Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society Y1 - 1995 A1 - Evans, Karl L. A1 - Hambler, Clive SP - 101 EP - 103 KW - [Forest and woodland / / Coppiced woodland KW - Abiotic factors KW - Animals and man KW - Brasenose Wood]. KW - Commercial activities KW - Conservation KW - Conservation measures KW - distributional relationship] [England / / Oxfordshire KW - distributional relationships KW - Disturbance by man KW - Ecology KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Habitat KW - habitat / / Microhabitat determination KW - Land zones KW - management implications] [Habitat management / / ] [Distribution within KW - management implications] [Temperature / / Coppiced woodland habitat KW - microhabitat analysis & KW - Palaearctic KW - Physical factors KW - region KW - temperature significance] KW - Terrestrial KW - Tuberta maerens (Araneae). KW - Tuberta maerens [Forestry / / Coppicing KW - United Kingdom VL - 10 SN - 0524-4994 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13200037495 N1 - ZOOR13200037495 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acrocerid (Insecta: Diptera) life histories, behaviors, host spiders (Arachnida: Araneida), and distribution records JF - Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 1993 A1 - Cady, Alan A1 - Leech, Robin A1 - Sorkin, Louis A1 - Stratton, Gail A1 - Caldwell, Michael SP - 931 EP - 944 KW - Abiotic factors KW - Acroceridae (Orthorrhapha): [Parasite]. KW - Acroceridae [Metamorphosis / / Pupation duration KW - and disorders KW - Araneida (Araneae): [Host]. KW - Araneida [Behaviour / / Dipteran parasitism relationship] [Dipteran KW - Behaviour KW - Development KW - Host parasite behaviour & KW - Host parasite behaviour & host development]. KW - Hosts KW - Insect parasites KW - Life cycle and development KW - Parasites KW - parasites / / Acroceridae KW - Parasites diseases KW - Physical factors KW - pupation duration] [Temperature / / Pupation duration relations]. KW - relations] [Arachnid hosts / / Araneida KW - temperature AB - The family Acroceridae (Insecta: Diptera; "Small Headed Flies") are a seldom seen yet cosmopolitan group of endoparasitoids of spiders. Recent host and distribution records are presented here for six species of acrocerids: Ogcodes borealis Cole, 1919; Ogcodes pallidipennis (Loew, 1866); Ogcodes sp.; Acrocera bimaculata Loew, 1866; Turbopsebius sulphuripes (Loew, 1869); and Exetasis eickstedtae Schlinger, 1972. New hosts for each fly species are: O. borealis-Schizocosa rovneri Uetz and Dondale, 1979, Pardosa spp.; O. pallidipennis-Schizocosa rovneri, Schizocosa spp.; Ogcodes sp.-Anyphaena californica (Banks, 1904); Acrocera bimaculata -Coras montanus (Emerton, 1890b); T. sulphuripes-C. montanus. Detailed field measurements and behavioral observations of host spiders and fly development are described and compared with known data. Examination of these comparisons suggests that host-parasitoid relationships follow spider guild associations (i.e. ground/surface dwelling hosts or those building webs in close contact with surfaces), especially with the spider family Agelenidae. These affiliations probably result from a combination of the spider's web building, web maintenance, hunting behaviors, and fly oviposition activities, which dispose spiders exhibiting these behaviors to greater chances for parasitoidism. These factors act in concert to increase probabilities for host-parasitoid interactions. Compiled data indicate duration of pupation may be related to ambient temperature. Evidence is presented that acrocerid larvae may alter their hosts' behavior to increase the parasitoids' probability of survival. VL - 125 SN - 0008-347X UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR13100026482 N1 - ZOOR13100026482 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular evidence for Pleistocene glacial cycles driving diversification of a North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta JF - Molecular Ecology Y1 - 2004 A1 - Ayoub, Nadia A. A1 - Riechert, Susan E. SP - 3453 EP - 3465 KW - Abiotic factors KW - Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae): [Fossil]. KW - Agelenopsis aperta [Enzymes / Cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA gene sequence / KW - Biochemistry KW - Caenozoic KW - Diversification patterns KW - diversification patterns] [North America / / ] [Pleistocene / / ]. KW - Evolution KW - Genetics KW - Geological time periods KW - influence of climatic vs geological KW - influences] [Molecular genetics / / ] [Population genetics / / KW - Land zones KW - molecular evidence] [Biochemical variation / / Cytochrome oxidase I KW - mtDNA sequences] [Climate and weather / / Influence on diversification KW - Nearctic region KW - patterns] [Geophysical events / / Geological influences on KW - Physical factors KW - Proteins KW - Quaternary KW - Variation AB - The influence of historical climatic vs. geological changes on species diversification patterns was investigated in a widely distributed North American desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta (Araneae: Agelenidae), with particular reference to Pleistocene glacial cycles and earlier patterns of mountain building. Levels of sequence divergence obtained from the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I, dated to the Pleistocene, eliminating Rocky Mountain orogeny as a cause of diversification, as orogeny ended 4 million years ago. The results of phylogenetic and network analyses showed the presence of three geographically defined clades, which were consistent with the presence of at least three glacial refugia: (i) east of the Rocky Mountains; (ii) between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevadas; and (iii) west of the Sierra Nevadas. In addition, populations within the Rocky Mountains exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity than populations east of the Rocky Mountains and the haplotypes found within the Rockies were a subset of eastern haplotypes. These patterns suggest that a post-Pleistocene range expansion occurred out of an eastern glacial refugium into the Rocky Mountains. Examination of phylogeographical studies of other North American desert taxa indicated that mountain building explained diversification patterns more effectively for some taxa but Pleistocene climate change was more important for others, including A. aperta. VL - 13 SN - 0962-1083 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101006872 N1 - ZOOR14101006872 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting range overlap in two closely related species of spiders JF - Insect Conservation and Diversity Y1 - 2009 A1 - Anderson, Barbara J. A1 - Bai, Yixuan A1 - Thomas, Chris D. A1 - Oxford, Geoff S. SP - 135 EP - 141 KW - [Climate and weather / Climate change / ] [England / / distribution] KW - [Wales / / ]. KW - Abiotic factors KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - Generalised linear models / range overlap of species prediction] KW - Land zones KW - Palaearctic KW - Physical factors KW - region KW - Techniques KW - Tegenaria gigantea KW - Tegenaria gigantea (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria saeva (Araneae). KW - Tegenaria saeva [Mathematical techniques / KW - United Kingdom AB - 1. Predicting when and where species are likely to experience inter-specific interactions as a result of climate change may be as relevant to understanding their evolutionary futures as predicting responses to physical environmental variables. 2. In this paper, models built using data for the distributions of two species of large house spider, Tegenaria saeva and T. gigantea (Agelenidae), from relatively long-established parts of their ranges are used to predict species overlap in a region of more recent range expansion. 3. Generalised linear models (GLMs) are used to identify the key environmental variables associated with the distributions of the spider species in an east[long dash]west band across central Britain. Using this model, the distributions of the two species both north and south of the central band are predicted and tested for how closely they matched observed distributions, and thus whether environmental factors are a sufficient explanation for current distribution patterns in England and Wales. 4. Results demonstrate that predictions of both species distributions and overlap in the south region are almost as good as in the model-building zone, but that predicted distributions in the north are no better than random. Here either climate is of no importance in determining species distributions or, perhaps more likely, the system is still in a state of flux and currently reflects the stochasticity of recent colonisation. 5. Further long-term monitoring of the populations may allow discrimination between alternative hypotheses that could explain the current mismatch between climate and species' distributions VL - 2 SN - 1752-458X UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14511070670 N1 - ZOOR14511070670 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding and growth of Coelotes atropos (Araneae, Agelenidae) at low temperatures JF - Journal of Arachnology Y1 - 1981 A1 - Aitchison, C. W. SP - 327 EP - 330 KW - Abiotic factors KW - Coelotes atropos (Araneae). KW - Coelotes atropos [Feeding / / Temperature relationships] [Growth / / KW - Development KW - Feeding KW - Life cycle and development KW - Physical factors KW - Temperature minimum] [Temperature / / Feeding & growth relationships]. AB - Feeding by C. atropos decreases sharply at and below 6.degree. C compared to that at 8.degree. C and 10.degree. C. As temperature decreases, each individual requires less energy in terms of calories. No growth occurred below 8.degree. C, suggesting a developmental zero between 6-8.degree. C. VL - 9 SN - 0161-8202 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR11800036248 N1 - ZOOR11800036248 ER -