@article {522,
	title = {The comparative protein profiles of venom and venom gland extracts of Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Gazi Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14201002913},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {555-561},
	abstract = {Spider venoms are biologically active substances which affect a variety of vital physiological functions in both insects and mammals. The major constituents of spider venoms are protein, polypeptide and polyamine neurotoxins, enzymes, nucleic acids, free amino acids, monoamines and inorganic salts. The identification of the proteins in spider venoms is an essential step for identification of venom. In this study, we compared with protein profiles of Agelena labyrinthica venom obtained by electrostimulation of the prosoma and extracted directly from gland. There were seven components identified in whole venom, when whole venom and venom gland extracts composition of A. labyrinthica were compared by SDS-PAGE.},
	keywords = {/ Comparison with venom gland protein profiles] [Venom glands / Venom, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Agelena labyrinthica [Proteins / Protein profiles / Venom \& venom gland, Biochemistry, Cephalic glands, comparative study] [Toxins and venoms / Venom protein profiles, Digestive system, extracts, gland protein profiles / Comparison with venom protein profiles].},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201002913},
	author = {Yigit, Nazife}
}
@article {523,
	title = {Functional morphology of the venom apparatus of the funnel spider, Agelena gracilens (Araneae: Agelenidae) from Turkey},
	journal = {Entomological News},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2007},
	note = {ZOOR14605036686},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {161-167},
	keywords = {[Venom glands / Venom gland functional morphology / ] [Turkey /, Agelena gracilens (Araneae)., Agelena gracilens [Chelicerae / Chelicerae functional morphology / ], Appendages, Cephalic, Digestive system, Eurasia, General morphology, glands, Land zones, Mouthparts, Palaearctic region, Yahsihan-Kirkkale / ].},
	isbn = {0013-872X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14605036686},
	author = {Yigit, Nazife and Bayram, Abdullah and Danisman, Tarik and Sancak, Zafer}
}
@article {524,
	title = {Functional structure of Agelena labyrinthica{\textquoteright}s (Araneae: Agelenidae) venom gland and electrophoresis of venom},
	journal = {Toxicon},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ZOOR14206035267},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {58-67},
	abstract = {The funnel-web spider, Agelena labyrinthica, is widely distributed throughout Turkey. The objective of the present study was to describe the histological and functional fine structure of A. labyrinthica{\textquoteright}s venom gland by using light microscope, scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). We have also preliminarily analyzed venom components by SDS-PAGE. Each venom gland has surrounded by a thin adventitia and gross striated muscular bundles. Basal lamina underlies between muscular bundles and the inner glandular epithelium, and ties up them each other. The striated muscular bundles spirally covered venom gland has been observed by SEM. Intricate relations formed between motor neuron axons and the muscle fibers have been revealed by TEM. The secretory epithelium, which made up of simple columnar cells, formed the secretory region of the venom gland. The secretory surface of the gland was increased by a sort of fringes extended from basal membrane into the gland lumen. The epithelial cells have many rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and different size and shape of secretory granules. These granules have been accumulated in apical portion of the secretory cells. After the gland is emptied, the apical portions of secretory cells deteriorate and the basal epithelial cells regenerate the columnar cells. The analysis of A. labyrinthica venom, which was achieved by SDS-PAGE showed that there have been at least seven components ranging from 10 to 40 kDa molecular weight. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Venom glands / / Functional structure]., Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Agelena labyrinthica [Toxins and venoms / Venom electrophoresis / ], Biochemistry, Cephalic glands, Digestive system},
	isbn = {0041-0101},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14206035267},
	author = {Yigit, Nazife and Guven, Turan}
}
@article {525,
	title = {A morphological study on the venom apparatus of the spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae, Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Turkish Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14011067157},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {149-153},
	abstract = {The morphology of the venom apparatus of the spider Agelena labyrinthica was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The venom apparatus, situated in the anterior of the prosoma, is composed of a pair of chelicerae and venom glands. Each chelicera consists of two parts, a stout basal segment covered by hair, and a movable articulated fang. There are regular, parallel fine grooves on the surface of the cheliceral fang. The venom pore is situated on the subterminal portion of the fang. All of the venom glands are the same size and are shaped like long tubes. Each gland is surrounded by bundles of muscular fibers. Venom is produced in the venom glands, and it is carried by a venom duct passing through the chelicera, exiting from the venom pore during muscular contraction.},
	keywords = {Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Agelena labyrinthica [Toxins and venoms / Venom apparatus /, Biochemistry, Cephalic glands, Digestive system, Morphological study] [Venom glands / / ].},
	isbn = {1300-0179},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14011067157},
	author = {Yigit, Nazife and Guven, Turan and Bayram, Abdullah and Cavusoglu, Kultigin}
}
@article {506,
	title = {Apoptosis and biochemical biomarkers of stress in spiders from industrially polluted areas exposed to high temperature and dimethoate},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology \& Pharmacology},
	volume = {141},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14201000233},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {194-206},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; catalase) and quantitative changes in stress protein positive cells (Hsp70; metallothionein) in midgut glands of funnel web spiders Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and wolf spiders Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) exposed to high temperature and pesticide under laboratory conditions. The spiders were collected from two meadow ecosystems differently polluted with metals (Olkusz and Pilica, southern Poland). Under stress conditions, P. lugubris had fewer apoptotic cells in the midgut glands than A. labyrinthica. In P. lugubris from both sites, the observed increase in the percentage of metallothionein and Hsp70-positive cells, simultaneous with intensification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, suggests an anti-apoptotic function of those proteins in representatives of wandering spiders. In the midgut glands of A. labyrinthica, heat shock and dimethoate increased the number of Annexin V-positive cells as well as the amounts of mitochondria with low transmembrane potential ([DELTA][PSI]m) versus the control. The changes in the percentage of MT and Hsp70-positive cells in funnel web spiders were less than in wolf spiders. The absence of change in SOD and CAT activity in A. labyrinthica shows that the participation of those enzymes in antioxidant reactions is minimal in this species. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Temperature / High temperature / ] [Poland / Olkusz \& Pilica /, Abiotic factors, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Apoptosis / Midgut gland, Apoptosis \& biochemical biomarkers of stress, Biochemistry, biomarkers, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, Digestive system, enzyme activity / ] [Digestive gland / / Apoptosis \& chemical stress, Eurasia, Europe, gland apoptosis \& biochemical stress marker responses to temperature \&, individuals from metal polluted sites] [Enzymes / Antioxidant, individuals from polluted sites] [Metal pollution / / Midgut, Land zones, Life cycle and development, metallothionein / Stress biomarkers, Midgut gland apoptosis \& biochemical stress marker responses], Palaearctic region, Pardosa lugubris (Araneae)., Pardosa lugubris [Proteins / Heat shock proteins \&, pesticide, pesticide exposure]., pesticide relationship] [Fertilizers and pesticides / Dimethoate /, Physical factors, Pollution, Proteins, responses to high temperature \&, responses to temperature \&, stress biomarker response to temperature \&, temperature \& pesticide pollution exposure] [Development /},
	isbn = {1532-0456},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201000233},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna}
}
@article {509,
	title = {Cellular stress reactions assessed by gender and species in spiders from areas variously polluted with heavy metals},
	journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ZOOR14410058564},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {127-137},
	abstract = {In the funnel web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae; A. l.), sheet web spider Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae; L. t.) and wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae; X. n.) from two differently polluted meadow sites in southern Poland, we studied the relations between antioxidant parameters (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidases, GPOX, GSTPx; catalase, CAT; stress proteins-Hsp70, metallothioneins Mts), the intensity of apoptosis and necrosis, and heavy metal burdens of the midgut gland. Cellular reactions against stress caused by pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the midgut glands of male A. l. and X. n. were more than double that of the females, from both study sites. In male spiders from the heavily polluted site, both negative correlations (activity of caspase-3-like proteins vs Cu, Zn concentration; number of depolarized mitochondria vs Cu concentration) and positive correlations (number of necrotic cells vs Cu concentrations; activity of CAT vs Zn) were noted. The defense of males against high metal content and its prooxidative effects is based mainly on GSH and CAT. In females the antioxidative reactions are species-specific and depend mainly on high peroxidase activity and on stress protein level. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the midgut gland of female spiders from the heavily polluted site suggests the defensive role of this process in maintaining the proper functioning of this organ. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Cytology / Apoptosis \& necrosis / ] [Pollutants / Midgut gland heavy, [Digestive system / / ] [Sex differences / / ] [Grassland / Meadows /, ] [Metal pollution / Heavy metal pollution / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland /, Abiotic, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Biochemistry, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, Cytology, Digestive system, Eurasia, Europe, factors, Habitat, Land zones, Linyphia triangularis, Linyphia triangularis (Araneae)., metal content / ] [Proteins / Antioxidant parameters / ] [Enzymes / / ], Olkusz \& Pilica / ]., Palaearctic region, Pollution, Proteins, Reproduction, Terrestrial habitat, Xerolycosa nemoralis, Xerolycosa nemoralis (Araneae).},
	isbn = {0147-6513},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14410058564},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna and Babczynska, Agnieszka and Wilczek, Piotr and Dolezych, Bogdan and Migula, Pawel and Mlynska, Hanna}
}
@article {312,
	title = {Fine structural analysis of the neuromuscular junction in the venomous organ of the spider, Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Korean Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {1996},
	note = {ZOOR13300031593Serial Number 133
},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {223-230},
	abstract = {Fine structure of the neuromuscular junction in the venomous organ of the spider, Agelena limbata, was studied using high magnification electron microscope. The motor nerve endings at neuromuscular contact area composed of neurons and neuroglial cells were located between musculature and extracellular sheath of the venom gland. At the synaptic contact between a motor axon and a muscle fiber in the musculature, spherical synaptic vesicles were prominent in the nerve terminal. The sarcoplasm beneath the neuromuscular synapse has a granular appearance and lacks myofilaments. And the main axon gives off a branch between the muscle fibers. The synaptic regions of this organ are located close to the myofilaments unlike to other chelicerate classes. Moreover the postsynaptic complex of vesicles and membrane invaginations present in other synaptic regions are absent from these regions in this venomous organ.},
	keywords = {Agelena limbata (Araneae)., Agelena limbata [Toxins and venoms / / Venomous organ, Biochemistry, Cephalic glands, Digestive system, gland] [Venom glands / / ]., junction, Nervous system, neuromuscular, ultrastructure] [Synapses / / Neuromuscular junction in venom},
	isbn = {0440-2510},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR13300031593},
	author = {Moon, Myung-Jin}
}
@article {302,
	title = {Observations on the morphology and histochemistry of the foregut muscles of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida)},
	journal = {Journal of Morphology},
	volume = {170},
	year = {1981},
	note = {ZOOR11800014951},
	month = {1981},
	pages = {113-131},
	abstract = {The morphology of the foregut muscles of 5 spider families (Theraphosidae, Agelenidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae) was described, and the individual fiber numbers and fiber cross diameters of the muscles were determined. The nomenclature of these muscles was reviewed and modified if necessary. Oxidative enzyme and myosin-ATPase histochemistry revealed 8 dilatatory muscles of the foregut to consist of slow (type I) fibers, fast fibers (type IIB) and intermediate fibers, were only found in the 2 other muscles of the foregut, and in the remaining prosomal muscles (type IIA fibers around the poison gland). The 8 sucking muscles proper of the foregut also showed stronger activities of transmitter metabolizing enzymes [monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD)], and comparatively distinct amounts of glycogen and lipids.},
	keywords = {/ / histochemistry \& morphology] [Muscle arrangement and gross muscle, anatomy / / ] [Digestive system / / ]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Biochemistry / / Histochemistry, Biochemistry, Digestive system, foregut muscles] [Musculature, Musculature},
	isbn = {0362-2525},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11800014951},
	author = {Meyer, W.}
}
@article {280,
	title = {Digestion in spiders: histology and fine structure of the midgut gland of Coelotes terrestris (Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1988},
	note = {ZOOR12500053246},
	month = {1988},
	pages = {709-718},
	abstract = {The fine structure of the midgut gland and its changes according to the nutritional state have been examined in the spider Coelotes terrestris (Agelenidae). In the epithelium of the midgut gland two types of cells are present: secretory cells and digestive cells. The epithelia are connected by an intermediate tissue. Secretory cells, characterized by great amounts of rER extrude enzyme containing granula into the lumen where extracellular digestion takes place. The digestive cells take up predigested food by pinocytosis and the resorbed nutrients are digested in nutritional vacuoles. Fat and glycogen originating from intracellular digestion in these vacuoles are stored in the intermediate tissue. Some nutritional vacuoles serve as an intracellular store in digestive cells. Metabolic wastes are collected in excretory vacuoles and extruded into the lumen. Histochemical examinations reveal that unspecific esterase and aminopeptidase seem to play an important role in digestive processes, whereas alkaline phosphatase is involved in transportation processes.},
	keywords = {/ / Midgut gland histology \& ultrastructure]., Coelotes terrestris (Araneae)., Coelotes terrestris [Digestion / / Midgut gland role] [Digestive system, Digestive system, Nutrition},
	isbn = {1122-9497},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12500053246},
	author = {Ludwig, M. and Alberti, G.}
}
@article {226,
	title = {Experimental disorders of internal metamerism in Tegenaria atrica C.L. Koch (Aranei Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Przeglad Zoologiczny},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1983},
	note = {ZOOR12000044980},
	month = {1983},
	pages = {219-223},
	keywords = {Abiotic factors, alimentary system metameric disorders, Body form, cycle and development, Development, development] [Temperature / / Embryo development, Digestive system, Diseases and disorders, disorders, disorders]., effect on metameric, embryo thermal reaction] [Metamerism / / Disorders, General morphology, Life, nervous \& alimentary system] [Nervous system / / Metameric disorders, Nervous system, nervous system] [Developmental disorders / / Prosoma nervous \&, Parasites diseases and disorders, Physical factors, prosomal, Prosomal digestive tract \&, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria atrica [Prosoma / / Nervous \& alimentary system metameric, Temperature effect in metameric disorders, temperature effect on embryo] [Digestive system / / ] [Embryology / /, Temperature effects during embryo},
	isbn = {0033-247X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12000044980},
	author = {Jacunski, L.}
}
