@article {1792,
	title = {Bioaccumulation of Mercury and Its Effects on Survival, Development and Web-weaving in the Funnel-Web Spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-05-2013},
	pages = {558 - 562},
	abstract = {<p>This study investigated the bioaccumulation and effects of mercury (Hg) in funnel-web spiders, Agelena labyrinthica, following exposure to sublethal concentrations of Hg(NO3)2 in their drinking water. The results showed that the Hg content in adult A. labyrinthica increased rapidly with the number of days exposed to the Hg(NO3)2 solution, and the mortality of adult spiders within 30 days increased with increased concentrations of Hg(NO3)2 in the drinking water. The total developmental duration of A. labyrinthica exposed to Hg(NO3)2 was significantly longer than in the control spiders, but there were no significant differences in the total developmental duration of spiders among the three treatment groups (exposed to 10, 20 and 50 mg/L Hg(NO3)2 solution). We also compared the web-weaving of the control and treated spiders, and found no significant differences in shape, structure, color, or size of the webs between the control and treated spiders; however, there was a significant difference in web placement between the treatment and control groups. The spiders in the control group appeared to have an episodic-like memory, choosing to weave their five webs in the same corner in the five time periods allowed.</p>
},
	issn = {0007-4861},
	doi = {10.1007/s00128-013-0966-y},
	author = {Liu, Jin and Gao, Jin and Yun, Yueli and Hu, Zhiyong and Peng, Yu}
}
@article {506,
	title = {Apoptosis and biochemical biomarkers of stress in spiders from industrially polluted areas exposed to high temperature and dimethoate},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology \& Pharmacology},
	volume = {141},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14201000233},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {194-206},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between apoptosis and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase; catalase) and quantitative changes in stress protein positive cells (Hsp70; metallothionein) in midgut glands of funnel web spiders Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and wolf spiders Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) exposed to high temperature and pesticide under laboratory conditions. The spiders were collected from two meadow ecosystems differently polluted with metals (Olkusz and Pilica, southern Poland). Under stress conditions, P. lugubris had fewer apoptotic cells in the midgut glands than A. labyrinthica. In P. lugubris from both sites, the observed increase in the percentage of metallothionein and Hsp70-positive cells, simultaneous with intensification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, suggests an anti-apoptotic function of those proteins in representatives of wandering spiders. In the midgut glands of A. labyrinthica, heat shock and dimethoate increased the number of Annexin V-positive cells as well as the amounts of mitochondria with low transmembrane potential ([DELTA][PSI]m) versus the control. The changes in the percentage of MT and Hsp70-positive cells in funnel web spiders were less than in wolf spiders. The absence of change in SOD and CAT activity in A. labyrinthica shows that the participation of those enzymes in antioxidant reactions is minimal in this species. [copyright] 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Temperature / High temperature / ] [Poland / Olkusz \& Pilica /, Abiotic factors, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Apoptosis / Midgut gland, Apoptosis \& biochemical biomarkers of stress, Biochemistry, biomarkers, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, Digestive system, enzyme activity / ] [Digestive gland / / Apoptosis \& chemical stress, Eurasia, Europe, gland apoptosis \& biochemical stress marker responses to temperature \&, individuals from metal polluted sites] [Enzymes / Antioxidant, individuals from polluted sites] [Metal pollution / / Midgut, Land zones, Life cycle and development, metallothionein / Stress biomarkers, Midgut gland apoptosis \& biochemical stress marker responses], Palaearctic region, Pardosa lugubris (Araneae)., Pardosa lugubris [Proteins / Heat shock proteins \&, pesticide, pesticide exposure]., pesticide relationship] [Fertilizers and pesticides / Dimethoate /, Physical factors, Pollution, Proteins, responses to high temperature \&, responses to temperature \&, stress biomarker response to temperature \&, temperature \& pesticide pollution exposure] [Development /},
	isbn = {1532-0456},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14201000233},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna}
}
@article {507,
	title = {Relations between metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {132},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101004601},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {453-461},
	abstract = {We studied the relations between glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes and heavy metal burdens in the web-building spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and the wolf spider Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) from five meadow sites along a heavy metal pollution gradient. We assayed the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPOX, GSTPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in both sexes. Except for GSH vs Pb content, we found significant correlations between GPOX and GSTPx activity and metal concentrations in females of A. labyrinthica. The highest activity of these enzymes measured in the web-building spiders was found in the individuals from the most polluted sites. In P. lugubris males significant correlations were found between GST and Pb and Zn concentrations, and between GPOX and GSTPx and the concentration of Cu. GST activity was higher in males collected from less polluted areas. Thus, detoxifying strategies against pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. Actively hunting spiders had higher metal concentrations, maintaining lower activity of detoxifying enzymes and a lower glutathione level. [copyright] 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {/ Relations with glutathione dependent detoxifying enzymes] [Enzymes /, Abiotic factors, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Biochemistry, burden] [Grassland / Meadow / Heavy metal burden \& glutathione dependent, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, detoxifying enzymes] [Metal pollution / / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland /, Eurasia, Europe, Glutathione dependent detoxifying enzymes / Relations with heavy metal, Habitat, Land zones, Olkusz / meadow habitat]., Palaearctic region, Pardosa lugubris (Araneae)., Pardosa lugubris [Pollutants / Heavy metal burdens, Pollution, Proteins, Terrestrial habitat},
	isbn = {0269-7491},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101004601},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna and Babczynska, Agnieszka and Augustyniak, Maria and Migula, Pawel}
}
@article {509,
	title = {Cellular stress reactions assessed by gender and species in spiders from areas variously polluted with heavy metals},
	journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ZOOR14410058564},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {127-137},
	abstract = {In the funnel web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae; A. l.), sheet web spider Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae; L. t.) and wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae; X. n.) from two differently polluted meadow sites in southern Poland, we studied the relations between antioxidant parameters (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidases, GPOX, GSTPx; catalase, CAT; stress proteins-Hsp70, metallothioneins Mts), the intensity of apoptosis and necrosis, and heavy metal burdens of the midgut gland. Cellular reactions against stress caused by pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the midgut glands of male A. l. and X. n. were more than double that of the females, from both study sites. In male spiders from the heavily polluted site, both negative correlations (activity of caspase-3-like proteins vs Cu, Zn concentration; number of depolarized mitochondria vs Cu concentration) and positive correlations (number of necrotic cells vs Cu concentrations; activity of CAT vs Zn) were noted. The defense of males against high metal content and its prooxidative effects is based mainly on GSH and CAT. In females the antioxidative reactions are species-specific and depend mainly on high peroxidase activity and on stress protein level. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the midgut gland of female spiders from the heavily polluted site suggests the defensive role of this process in maintaining the proper functioning of this organ. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Cytology / Apoptosis \& necrosis / ] [Pollutants / Midgut gland heavy, [Digestive system / / ] [Sex differences / / ] [Grassland / Meadows /, ] [Metal pollution / Heavy metal pollution / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland /, Abiotic, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Biochemistry, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, Cytology, Digestive system, Eurasia, Europe, factors, Habitat, Land zones, Linyphia triangularis, Linyphia triangularis (Araneae)., metal content / ] [Proteins / Antioxidant parameters / ] [Enzymes / / ], Olkusz \& Pilica / ]., Palaearctic region, Pollution, Proteins, Reproduction, Terrestrial habitat, Xerolycosa nemoralis, Xerolycosa nemoralis (Araneae).},
	isbn = {0147-6513},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14410058564},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna and Babczynska, Agnieszka and Wilczek, Piotr and Dolezych, Bogdan and Migula, Pawel and Mlynska, Hanna}
}
@article {471,
	title = {On European Spiders. Part I. Review of the European Genera of Spiders, preceded by some observations on Zoological Nomenclature},
	journal = {Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3},
	volume = {vii},
	year = {1869},
	note = {ZOOR00600000052},
	month = {1869},
	pages = {pp. 1-242},
	abstract = {This is undoubtedly the most valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Araneida that has appeared of late years. The author discusses in it the general classification of the group, and the bibliography and literature of the subject generally; and many remarks upon extra-European forms of Spiders will be found scattered through it, or in the notes appended to the text. The author has also discussed the general question of zoological nomenclature and synonymy, his remarks upon which are exceedingly valuable. A great number of generic names are changed by the author on account of their having been preoccupied in other groups (see especially p. 37). Thorell also gives a notice of Fossil Spiders, including descriptions of some new forms. THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) combines Eresus with the Salticidae to form his suborder Saltigradae, which he divides into two families as follows (l. c. p. 198):-1. Eresoidae: cephalothorax antice valde elevato-convexus; oculi 2 postici inter se multo longius distantes quam sunt 2 proximo antecedents; tarsi unguibus trinis aut binis instructi, fasciculo unguiculari carentes. 2. Attoidae: cephalothorax deplanatus, parte cephalica non vel paullo tantum altiore quam parte thoracica; oculi 2 postici inter se non multo longius quam 2 antecedentes remoti; oculi 4 majores inter se proximi, medii (antici) eorum reliquis omnibus multo majores; tarsi unguibus tantum binis et fasciculo unguiculari instructi. The Eresoidae, including only the two genera Eresus and Palpimanus, are divided into the subfamilies Eresinae with an infra-mammillary organ and calamistrum, and Palpimaninae, in which those organs are wanting. Each, of Course, includes a single genus, the type of Eresus being E. cinnabarinus (Oliv.), and that of Palpimanus P. gibbulus (Duf.). THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) adopts the suborder Laterigradae and includes in it only the family Thomisoidae, in which he admits the following European genera (l. c. pp. 173-175):-I. Mamillae ut et ungues in apice tarsorum adsunt. A. Pedes 4 posteriores reliquis non vel parum graciliores, saepissime iis non vel parum breviores; tarsi in apice sub unguibus fasciculis 2 pilorum plus minus dilatatorum instructi Subf. I. Philodrominae. 1. Utraque oculorum series ex oculis 4 composita. a.Oculi medii antici vix vel non longius a margine clypei quam a mediis posticis remoti; maxillae plerumque rectae et parallelae. Series oculorum antica paullo recurva, postica paullo procurva. Micrommata (Lat.). Series oculorum antica paullo recurva, postica subrecta. Sparassus (Walck.). [ Series oculorum antica subprocurva vel recta, postica paullo recurva vel subrecta; oculi laterales antici mediis anticis non manifeste majores 3. Heteropoda (Lat.).] b.Oculi medii antici evidenter longius a margine clypei quam a mediis posticis remoti; maxillae in labium inclinatae. Pedum proportio 2, 1, 4, 3 (vel 2, 1, 3, 4); cephalothorax breviter ovatus, vel suborbiculatus. ?. Series oculorum antica modice, postica levius recurva; abdomen depressum, breviter et inverse ovatum vel subpentagonum 5. Artanes, g. n. [beta]. Series oculorum ambae modice et aequaliter recurvae; abdomen plerumque ovatum vel inverse ovatum. 6. Philodromus (Walck.). Pedum proportio 2, 4, 1, 3 (vel 2, 4, 3, 1); series oculorum ambae fortiter recurvae; cephalothorax et abdomen oblonga. 7.Thanatus (Koch). 2. Series oculorum antica ex oculis 6, postica ex 2 tantum oculis constat. 4. Selenops (Duf.). B. Pedes 4 posteriores reliquis graciliores et breviores multo; tarsi fasciculis unguicularibus carentSubf. II. THOMISINAE. 1.Frons cum mandibulis declivis, subporrecta; oculi medii antici a margine clypei longius distantes quam a mediis posticis. a.Series oculorum antica levius, postica fortius recurva; laterales antici evidenter majores quam medii antici. 8.Monaeses, g. n. b.Series oculorum antica fortius, postica levius recurva; laterales antici non majores quam medii antici. 9. Thomisus (Walck.). 2.Frons et mandibulae subverticales; oculi medii antici non longius a margine clypei quam a mediis posticis remoti. a.Series oculorum antica plus minus recurva. Oculi laterales postici vix vel non majores quam medii postici; aculei tibiarum graciles. ?. Series oculorum anticorum fortius, posticorum levius recurva; laterales antici non vel parum majores quam intermedii antici 10. Misumena (Lat.). [beta]. Series oculorum anticorum levius, posticorum fortius recurva; laterales antici manifeste majores quam intermedii antici. 11.Diaea, g. n. Oculi laterales postici evidenter majores quam medii postici; tibiae et metatarsi anteriores subtus aculeis robustis armati. 12. Xysticus (Koch). b.Series oculorum antica subrecta, oculi laterales inter se manifeste longius distantes quam medii antici a mediis posticis; oculi 4 medii in rectangulum latiorem quam longiorem dispositi; corpus valde depressum13. Coriarachne, g. n. II. Mamillae et ungues desunt Subf. III. ANETINAE. Oculi laterales longe remoti 14. Anetes (Menge). THORELL (European Spiders, part I.), as already stated, includes three families under his suborder Territelariae; but of these only one, his Theraphosoidae, representing the Mygalidae of most authors, is represented in Europe. He gives the following table of the European genera (l. c. p. 164):-I.Maxillae versus basin dilatatae; palpi dilatationi lateris affixi; cephalothorax anteriora versus dilatatus 1. Atypus (Latr.). II.Maxillae angustae, subcylindratae; palpi apice earum inserti. A.Area oculorum 21/2-3-plo latior quam longior; cephalothorax antice alte elevatus; pedes breves, robusti, 3tif paris roliquis breviores. 2. Cyrtauchenius, g. n. B.Oculi conferti, eminentiae communi parvae impositi; area quam occupant, circa dimidio-duplo tantum latior quam longior. 1.Mandibulae ad apicem dentibus vel lamellis corneis liberis, rastellum vel pecten formantibus, armatae. 3. Nemesia (Sav. \& Aud.). 2.Mandibulae rastello carentes. a. Pedes versus apicem attenuati, unguibus ipsi apici tarsorum insertis. Mamillae superiores (posteriores) articulis quaternis. 4. Diplura (Koch). Mamillae superiores articulis trinis. 5. Trechona (Koch). [b. Pedes robusti, versus apicem vix vel parum attenuati, unguibus supra apicem tarsi insertis, retrahendis. 6. Avicularia (Lam.).] The type of Atypus is A. piceus (Sulzer); the type of Nemesia (=Cteniza) is N. cellicola (Sav. \& Aud.); Diplura has D. macrura (Koch) as its type, and includes also Myg. calpeiana (Walck.) and M. luctuosa (Luc.); of Trechona the type adopted by Thorell is Myg. valentina (Duf.); Avicularia is represented by Ar. avicularia (Linn.)=vestiaria (De G.)=Avic. canceridea (Lam.). The European genera of Lycosoidae are tabulated by THORELL as follows (l. c. p. 189):-I. Series oculorum antica ex oculis 4 formata. A. Oculi medii seriei anticae a margine clypei spatio remoti quod diametrum oculorum non vel paullo tantum superat. 1.Mamillae superiores reliquis saltem dimidio longiores. 1. Aulonia (Koch). 2.Mamillae superiores reliquis vix vel non longiores. a. Series oculorum antica paullo brevior quam media; area oculorum aeque saltem longa atque lata; facies alta. Facies subquadrata, versus mandibulas non vel parum latior, lateribus rectis 2. Lycosa (Lat.). Facies versus mandibulas multo latior, lateribus fortiter convexis 3. Tarentula (Sund.). b. Series oculorum antica plerumque paullo longior, saltem non brevior quam media; area oculorum plerumque latior quam longior; facies humilis. Oculi medii seriei anticae majores, vix vel non minores quam oculi seriei posticae; cephalothorax plerumque densius appresso-pubescens 4. Trochosa (Koch). Oculi medii seriei anticae parvi, evidenter minores quam oculi seriei posticae; cephalothorax parce pubescens. 5. Pirata (Sund.). B.Oculi medii seriei anticae a margine clypei spatio remoti, quod diametro oculorum maximorum duplo saltem majus est. 1.Oculi 4 seriei anticae subaequales; pedes robustiores. 6.Dolomedes (Lat.). 2.Oculi 2 laterales seriei anticae evidenter majores quam medii ejusdem seriei; pedes graciles 7. Ocyale (Sav. \& Aud.). [II. Series oculorum antica ex duobus tantum oculis constans; oculi laterales seriei modiae ab oculis 2 seriei posticae longe disjuncti. 8. Ctenus (Walck.).] The Oxyopoidae include only 2 genera, namely:-1.Peucetia, g. n. (=Pasithea, Blackw.): oculi in series 3, sectorem circuli fere formantes, ordinati. 2.Oxyopes (Lat.): oculi in series 4 ordinati. The European genera of Attoidae are tabulated by THORELL as follows (l. c. pp. 206-208):-I. Pars cephalica parte thoracica abrupte altior. 1. Salticus (Lat.). II. Pars cephalica parte thoracica non altior. A. Quadrangulus oculorum longior quam latior; oculi seriei 3tiae fere in medio cephalothorace siti.; corpus longum et angustum; pedes tenues 2. Leptorchestes, g. n. B.Quadrangulus oculorum saltem postice latior quam longior. Metatarsi et tibiae omnes aculeiscarentes. 3. Epiblemum (Hentz). Metatarsi pedum saltem anteriorum evidenter aculeati. a. Oculi seriei 3tiae non longius a margine cephalothoracis quam inter se remoti. Cephalothorax plerumque duplo fere longior quam latior. 4. Heliophanus (Koch). Cephalothorax non duplo longior quam latior. a. Cephalothorax humilis valde, dorso subplano; oculi seriei 3tiae plerumque multo longius inter se quam a margine cephalothoracis remoti. ?.Quadrangulus oculorum postice evidenter latior quam antice; oculi seriei 3tiae non multo ante medium cephalothoracis siti5. Ballus (Koch). b.Quadrangulus oculorum postice vix vel non latior quam antice; oculi seriei 3time longe ante medium cephalothoracis siti 6. Marpessa (Koch). [beta]. Cephalothorax altus, antice non angustatus, dorso evidenter arcuato 9. Euophrys (Koch). b. Oculi seriei 3tiae longius a margine cephalothoracis quam inter se remoti. Cephalothorax minus altus, dorso leviter tantum arcuato, parte cephalica parum declivi, ita ut oculi seriei 3tiae vix diametro sua altius quam oculi laterales seriei 1mae sint siti 7. Menemerus (Sim.). Cephalothorax altus, immo altissimus, parte cephalica adeo declivi ut oculi seriei 3tiae multo altius quam oculi laterales seriei 1mae siti sint. a. Metatarsi pedum posteriorum circa apicem tantum aculeis armati 8. Dendryphantes (Koch). [beta]. Metatarsi pedum posteriorum non tantum ad apicem aculeati. a. Oculi medii seriei 1mae ante frontem eminentes. Mandibulae facie circa duplo longiores. 10.Philaeus, g. n. Mandibulae facie non vel paullo tantum altiores. 11.Attus (Walck.). b. Frons adeo prominens, ut oculi medii seriei 1mae a margine frontis occultentur. Tibia pedum 4ti paris evidenter brevior quam meta tarsus cum tarso. 12. AElurops, g. n. Tibia pedum 4ti paris aeque saltem longa ac metatarsus cum tarso. 13. Yllenus (Sim.). The type of Salticus is A. formicaria (De G.), and the genus=Pyrophorus (Koch)=Pyroderes (Sim.); that of Epiblemum is E. faustum (Hentz), and the genus nearly represents. Calliethara (Koch), which is a later name; Heliophanus has Attus cupreus (Walck.) for its type; Ballus has for its type Attus heterophthalmus (Reuss), and includes A. depressus (Walck.)=S. brevipes (Hahn) and S. obscurus (Blackw.); the type of Marpessa is A. muscosus (Cl.), and the genus includes M. radiata (Grube), M. hamata (Koch), Salticus pulchellus (Hahn), Menemerus falsificus (Sim.), and Attus lucasii (Sim.); the type of Menemerus is Salt. semilimbatus (Hahn); that of Dendryphantes is A. hastatus (Cl.); Euophrys has Attus frontalis (Walck.) as its type; the type of Attus is A. terebratus (Cl.); and the type of Yllenus is Y. arenarius (Sim.). To the first three of these families reference will be made under Agelenidae; the other three form the group which has been included under the name of Drassidae in these {\textquoteright}Records.{\textquoteright} Their genera are tabulated as follows by THORELL. Under the Drassoidae we have (l. c. p. 139):-I. Oculi 8. A. Maxillae convexae, non impressae. 1.Series oculorum postica, desuper visa, recurva. a. Pedes aculeati. Oculi laterales inter se longius quam medii antici a mediis posticis distantes. 1. Zora (Koch). Oculi laterales inter se non longius remoti, quam medii antici a mediis posticis. 2. Apostenus (Westr.). (?) b. Pedes non aculeati. 3. Trachelas (L. Koch). 2. Series oculorum postica procurva vel recta. a. Abdomen subtus pone plicam genitalem aliam plicam transversam praebet5. Anyphoena (Sund.). b. Abdomen plica pone plicam genitalem caret. Mandibulae ad basin inermes. a. Pedes 4u paris reliquis longiores. a. Labium ad summum dimidiam maxillarum longitudinem aequat. 4. Liocranum (L. Koch). b. Labium 1/3 brevius quam maxilla. 6. Clubiona (Lat.). [beta]. Pedes 1ml paris reliquis longiores. 7. Chiracanthium(Koch). Mandibulae ad basin aculeo armatae.. 8. Phrurolithus (Koch). B. Maxillae in medio impressae. 1. Cephalothorax linea media impressa caret. 9. Micaria (Westr.). 2. Cephalothorax linea media impressa praeditus. a.Series oculorum postica plus minus procurva, et evidenter longior quam series antica. 10. Drassus (Walck.). b. Series oculorum postica recta vel recurva. Series oculorum postica subrecta, non recurva, parum longior quam series antica. 11. Melanophora (Koch.). Oculi laterales inter se evidenter longius distantes quam medii antici a mediis posticis; series oculorum posticorum saepissime evidenter recurva 12. Gnaphosa (Lat.). II.Oculi 6 13. Thysa (Kempel.). The type of the genus Zora is Z. lycaena (Walck.)=spinimana (Sund.); the genus also includes Dolomedes spinimanus (Duf.), D. errans (Duf.), and D. hippomane (Sav. \& Aud.). Apostenus has as its type A. fuscus (Westr.) and includes Agelena celans and gracilipes (Blackw.), Apostenus saxatilis (Auss.), and probably Ar. spinicrus (Duf.) and Drassus subniger (Cambr.). Liocranum is represented by Clubiona domestica (Reuss), and probably includes Drassus praelongipes (Cambr.). The type of Anyphaena is Club. accentuata (Walck.), that of Clubiona is A. holosericea (De G.), that of Chiracanthium is Club. nutrix (Walck.), and that of Phrurolithus is P. festivus (Koch). Micaria has as its type Drassus fulgens (Walck.). Aranea quadripunctata (Linn.) is the type of Drassus as restricted by Thorell, which includes Drassodes (Westr.). Melanophora, the distinctness of which from Gnaphosa is considered to be doubtful, has Drassus ater (Lat.) as its type. Gnaphosa (=Pythonissa, Koch) is typified by Drassus lucifugus (Walck.); and Thysa includes only its original species T. pythonissaeformis (Kempelen). The following is the table of genera of Dysderoidae given by Thorell (l. c. p. 153):-I. Oculi 6 perfecte explicati. A. Series oculorum antica ex 4, postica ex 2 oculis constans; oculi non ommes valde appropinquantes. 1. Maxillae longae, rectae, subparallelae; ungues tarsorum trini. 1. Segestria (Lat.). 2. Maxillae breves, latae, basi gibbosae, in labium paullo inclinatae. 2. Schaenobates (Blackw.). B. Series oculorum antica ex 2, postica ex 4 oculis constans. 1.Oculi laterales seriei posticae subrectae, longius ab oculis mediis ejusdem seriei disjuncti; oculi duo antici inter se longe remoti; ungues tarsorum trini 3. Ariadne (Sav. \& Aud.). 2. Oculi saltem seriei posticae inter se valde appropinquantes. a. Oculi duo anteriores reliquis plerumque manifeste majores, plus minus longe disjuncti; series oculorum postica procurva. Mandibulae subporrectae, ungue longo et valido. Dysdera (Lat.). Mandibulae verticales, ungue brevi; ungues tarsorum trini. Harpactes (Temp.). b. Oculi omnes inter se valde appropinquantes, in tria paria dispositi, 2 utrinque, 2, reliquis majores, in medio; tarsi articulo libero unguifero aucti; ungues bini. 7. Oonops (Temp.). II. Oculi aut 6 valde imperfecti, aut O; ungues tarsorum trini. 4. Stalita (Schiodte). The type of Segestria is A. senoculata (Linn.). Schaenobates includes only S. walkeri (Blackw.). Ariadne is represented by A. insidiatrix (Forsk.). The type of Stalita is S. taenaria (Schiodte), and the species described under that name by Keyserling is distinct. The type of Dysdera is A. punctoria (Vill.); that of Harpactes is A. hombergii (Scop.); and that of Oonops is O. pulcher (Temp.). Thorell{\textquoteright}s family Filistatoidae includes only the genus Filistata. The family Hersilioidae, of which the genus Hersilia (Sav. \& Aud.) is the type, includes only one European species, Hersilia oraniensis (Luc.), which Thorell makes the type of a new genus, characterized as follows (l. c. p. 115):- Hersiliola: Tarsorum articulus unguiferus ipso tarso multo brevior; mamillarum superiorum articuli bini, primus et secundus subaequales; pedes 3til paris reliquis non valde breviores. .Of his Agalenoidae, THORELL (l. c. p. 119) gives the following table of genera:- I. Nulla stigmata trachealia in medio ventris paullo pone plicam genitalem. A.Organum inframamillare et calamistrum adsunt. Subf. 1. AMAUROBIINae. 1. Maxillae in labium subtriangulum inclinatae; pedes omnes aculeis carentes. a. Oculi laterales inter se contingentes; antici eorum a mediis anticis longius distantes 1. Dictyna (Sund.). b.Oculi laterales et omnes oculi seriei anterioris inter se valde et aeque appropinquantes. 2. Argenna, g. n. 2. Maxillae subparallelae. a. Oculi laterales disjuncti. Pedes saltem 6 posteriores aculeis carentes; labium semiovale. 3. Titanaeca, g. n. Pedes omnes aculeati; labium ad basin constrictum, apice truncatum vel subemarginatum; oculi seriei 1mae subaequales, medii postici paullo longius a lateralibus posticis quam inter se distantes. 5. Amaurobius (Koch). b.Oculi laterales subcontingentes. 4. Lethia (Menge). B.Organum inframamillare et calamistrum desunt. Subf. II. AGALENINAE. 1. Mamillae superiores reliquis longiores, articulis binis, 2do acuminato, in latere inferiore, non in apice tautum, tubulis teztoriis instructo. a. Oculi 8. Mandibulae ad basin geniculato-convexae. 7. Caelotes (Blackw.). Mandibulae dorso recto vel leviter modo convexae, non ad basin geniculatae. a. Series oculorum posticorum plus minus recurva vel subrecta. [beta]. Series oculorum anticorum subrecta vel recurva, posticorum fortiter recurva. 13. Textrix (Sund.). b. Series oculorum anticorum procurva vel subrecta, posticorum subrecurva vel recta 12. Histopona, g. n. [beta]. Series oculorum posticorum procurva vel saltem recta. a. Mamillae superiores et inferiores in trapezium postice paullo latius vel in aream subrectangulum dispositae. Series oculorum anticorum fortiter procurva. aa. Series oculorum posticorum procurva; mamillarum superiorum articulus 2dus 1mo longior. 11. Agalena (Walck.). [beta][beta]. Series oculorum posticorum subrecta; mamillarum superiorum articulus 2dus 1mo saltem dimidio brevior. 9. Cryphoeca, g. n. Series oculorum anticorum subrecta vel paullo procurva; mamillarum superiorum articulus 2dus 1mo saepissime multo brevior 8. Tegenaria (Lat.). b. Mamillae longae, superiores inter se valde remotae, cum inferioribus in lineam transvesam recurvam dispositae, et iis fere dimidio longiores 10. Hahnia (Koch). b. Oculi nulli; mamillae superiores valde longae, articulo 2do aeque fere longo atque 1mo 14. Hadites (Keys.). 2. Mamillae superiores inferioribus non vel parum longiores, in ipso apice tantum tubulis textoriis praeditae. a. Mamillae superiores articulis distinctis binis; ungues tarsorum bini. 15.Agroeca (Westr.). b.Mamillae superiores articulo 2do exserto nullo; ungues tarsorum trini 6. Cyboeus (L. Koch). II. Pone plicam genitalem alia plica, stigmata trachealia duo in medio ejus sita continens, ad basin ventris adest. Subf. III. Argyronetinae. 16. ARGYRONETA (Lat.). .As already indicated (p. 144), THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) places this family under his suborder Retitelariae, which he divides into families as follows (l. c. 1869 p. 72):-I. Mamillae inferiores (anteriores) reliquis non vel parum longiores. A. Tarsi articulo unguifero libero carentes; labium liberum; mandibulae non ad basin coalitae 1. THERIDIOIDAE. B.Tarsi articulo libero unguifero aucti; labium cum sterno plerumque sine sutura coalitum; mandibulae versus basin plerumque inter se unitae 2. SCYTODOIDAE. II.Mamillae inferiores reliquis multo longiores. 3. ENYOIDAE. .THORELL{\textquoteright}s Scytodoidae are divided by him as follows (l. c. p. 101):-I.Oculi aut 8, aut 6, et tum tres in utroque latere frontis. (Palpi marium valde incrassati, clava complicata.) Subf. 1. Pholcinae. A. Oculi 8; pedes omnium longissimi 1. Pholcus (Walck.). B. Oculi 6 2. Spermophora (Hentz). II. Oculi 6, in tria paria dispositi, duo in utroque latem frontis. (Palpi marium tenues, clava parum complicata.) Subf. 2. SCYTODINAE. A. Cephalothorax postice alte convexus; mandibulae parvae, debiles; unguen tarsorum trini 3. Scytodes (Lat). n 2 B. Cephalothorax plus minus depresaus; mandibulae fortiores; ungues tarsorum bini 4. Loxosceles (Lowe). The Enyoidoe include only two genera, namely:-I.Series oculorum anticorum procurva 1. Zodarium (Walck.). II. Series oculorum anticorum subrecta. 2. Enyo (Say. \& Aud.). .THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) excludes the genera Eresus and Deinopis from this family, but includes in it the genera Uloborus (=Veleda, Blackw.), Hyptiotes and Zosis (=Orithyia, Blackw.). He gives the following Table1 (l. c. p. 49) of the European genera which he admits into his Epeiroidoe:-I. Organum inframamillare nullum; metatarsi postici calamistro carent. Subf. I. EPEIRINAE. A. Maxillae breves, latitudine non vel parum longiores. 1.Series oculorum postica, desuperne visa, fortiter procurva3. Cephalothorax subplanus, parte cephalica parva, humili. 1. Argiope (Sav. \& Aud.). 2.Series oculorum postica, desuperne viss, subrecta vel recurva. Cephalothorax modice convexus, parte cephalica (in feminis saltem) sat magna. a. Oculi laterales postici a mediis posticis multo longius distantes quam hi inter se. Pedes 1ml paris reliquis longiores. a. Oculi laterales antici ab anticis mediis saepissime evidenter, plerumque dimidio-duplo longius distantes quam hi inter se2. Epeira (Walck.). [beta]. Oculi laterales antici ab anticis mediis non vel paulle tantum longius distantes quam hi inter se. a. Oculi laterales saepissime sat late disjuncti. Abdomen postice in formam coni productum vel ibi tuberculatum. 3. Cyrtophora (Simon). b. Oculi laterales subcontingentes; abdomen cute molli tectum, cylindrato-ovali. 4. Singa (Koch). Pedes 4ti paris reliquis longiores. Abdomen cute duriuscula tectum 5. Cercidia, g. n. b.Oculi laterales postici non vel (in [male]) parum longius a mediis posticis distantes quam hi inter se. 6. Zilla (Koch). B. Marillae dimidio-duplo vel ultra longiores quam latiores. 1.Series oculorum anticorum fortiter recurva; oculi laterales sub-contingentes. 7. Meta (Koch). 2.Series oculorum anticorum subrecta; oculi laterales disjuncti. 8. Tetragnatha (Lat.). II. Organum inframamillare adest; metatarsi postici calamistro instructi. Subf. II. ULOBORINAE. A.Series oculorum antica margini frontis proxima, procurva, postica recurva 9. Uloborus (Lat.). B. Oculi a margine frontis longe remoti, spatium magnum occupantes; series antica procurva, postica recurva, longa. 10. Hyptiotes (Walck.). The type of Argiope is A. lobata (Pall.), and the genus also includes A. brunnichii (Scop.)=fasciata (Oliv.), and probably Ep. ambagiosa (Walck.), which is referred by Simon to Nephila. The type of Epeira is E. diademata (Cl.); the values of the genera established at the expense of Epeira are discussed by the author (pp. 53-56). The type of Cyrtophora is Ep. opuntioe (Duf.); it includes also A. conica (Pall.), for which Menge has established the genus Cyclosa, which falls, as later in date than Cyrtophora. Of Simon {\textquoteright}s Cyrtophoroe the author rejects Ep. mexicana (Luc.), Ep. paradoxa (Luc.), probably a Cyrtarachne (Thor.)=Cyrtogaster (Keys.), and E. mitralis (Vins.), which belongs to Coerostris (Thor.), including also C. tuberculata (Vins.) and C. imperialis (Walck.). The type of Singa is A. hamata (Cl.). Cercidia is proposed instead of Cerceis (Menge), the latter name being previously employed; its type is Ep. prominens (Westr.). Zilla has for its type A. x-notata (Cl.)=calophylla (Walck.); it includes also Z. montana (Koch) and Ep. atrica (Koch). The type of Meta is Ep. menardi (Lat.); it includes also M. merianoe and M. muraria (Koch), and A. segmentatus (C1.)=reticulata (Linn.). Tetragnatha has for its type A. extensa (Linn.). The type of Uloborus (=Phillyra, Hentz=Veleda, Blackw.) is U. walckenaerii (Lat.); it includes U. latreillii and U. coatoe (Thor.). The type of Hyptiotes (Uptiotes, Walck.) is Mithras paradoxus (Koch); and the position of this genus is discussed at great length (pp. 67-71). THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) proposes to divide this order (which he calls Araneae) into 7 suborders, nearly corresponding to the families of Latreille, namely the Orbitelariae, Retitelariae (=Inaequitelae, Lat.), Tubitelariae, Territelariae, Citigradae, Laterigradae, and Saltigradae. These include in all 22 families (16 of which are represented in Europe), of which the author gives a scheme or diagram showing their mutual relations in accordance with the hypothesis of evolution-that is to say, on the principle of "propinquity of descent, " which he regards, with Darwin, as the sole cause of the similarity of organic beings. This diagram we cannot reproduce here; but its general indications may be understood from the following statement. The whole genealogical tree of the true Spiders springs from the Opiliones; it forms two branches, one of which is simple, the other very complex. The simple branch bifurcates, leading to the families Enyoidae and Scytodoidae; from the latter spring the Theridioidae, and from these again the Epeiroidae. The direct line of the second branch forms the family Filistatoidae; but the families Urocteoidae and Omanoidae (=OEcobiidae, Blackw.) are supposed to be given off from this branch before the discrimination of the Filistatoidae. From the latter springs a branch which gives off the Dysderoidae close to its origin, and leads up directly, after a longish interval, to the Theraphosoidae (=Mygalidae); and from these the Catadysoidae (founded for Catadysas, Hentz) spring on one side, pointing towards the Thomisoidae, and the Liphistioidae (founded for the genus Liphistius, Schiodte) on the other, pointing in the direction of the Phrynoidae. Another branch, originating from the Filistatoidae, bifurcates near its base into the Hersilioidae and Drassoidae; from the latter spring directly the Agalenoidae, Thomisoidae, and Lycosoidae, and from the last the Oxyopoidae, pointing towards the Saltigrade group. The Saltigradae likewise spring from the Drassoidae; their direct line terminates in the Myrmecioidae, and gives off the Attoidae; another branch is formed by a new family, Othiothopoidae (founded by the author for the reception of M{\textquoteright}Leay{\textquoteright}s genus Othiothops); a third branch bifurcates and bears the families Dinopoidae and Eresoidae. These 22 families are placed by the author in his suborders as follows:-I. ORBITELARIAE: I. Epeiroidae; II. RETITELARIAE: 2. Theridioidae, 3. Scytodoidae, 4. Enyoidae; III. TUBITELARIAE: 5. Urocteoidae, 6. Omanoidae, 7. Hersilioidae, 8. Agalenoidae, 9. Drassoidae, 10. Dysderoidae, 11. Filistatoidae; IV. TERRITELARIAE: 12. Theraphosoidae, 13. Liphistioidae, 14. Catadysoidae; V. LATERIGRADAE: 15. Thomisoidae; VI. CITIGRADAE: 16. Lycosoidae, 17. Oxyopoidae; VII. SALTIGRADAE: 18. Myrmecioidae, 19. Othiothopoidae, 20. Dinopoidae, 21. Eresoidae, 22. Attoidae. The Spiders of this family are referred by Thorell (European Spiders, part I.) to his suborder Retitelariae, which is chiefly made up of the Theridiidae. For convenience, and in order to keep Thorell{\textquoteright}s results as much as possible together, the analysis of the whole of this suborder is given under the last-mentioned family. THORELL{\textquoteright}s suborder Citigradae (European Spiders, part I.) corresponds with this group, and is divided by him into the following two families:-I. LYCOSOIDAE: Oculi in series transversas tres vel duas dispoaiti; oculi 4 posteriores in trapezium postice latius, vel in lineam fortiter recurvam dispositi. II.OXYOPOIDAE: Oculi in series transversas 4 vel 3 dispositi; oculi 4 posteriores in trapezium postice angustius vel in seriem procurvam dispositi. The type of Micrommata is A. virescens (Cl.); the species placed under this genus by Hentz do not belong to it; Sparassus has S. argelasii (Walck.)=Ocypete tersa (Koch) as its type; Heteropoda is represented by A. venatoria (Linn.)=Olios leucosios (Walck.); Selenops has only S. homalosoma (Duf.) in Europe; the type of Philodromus is A. aureolus (Cl.); that of Thomisus is T. abbreviatus (Walck.)=T. diadema (Hahn); Misumena has A. vatius (Cl.)=A. citrea (De G.) as its type, and includes A. truncata (Pall.)=horrida (Fab.), T. lateralis (Koch), and T. villosus (Lat.); the type of Xysticus is X. kochii, sp. n.=X. viaticus (Koch nec Linn.), and the genus includes also A. viatica (Linn.)=X. audax (Koch), and Thom. claveatus (Walck.), and T. scabriculus (Westr.) forming part of Oxyptila (Sim.); Anetes, of which the author makes a distinct subfamily, includes only one species, A. caeletrum (Menge). THORELL (European Spiders, i. p. 109) divides his suborder Tubitelariae into the following six families:- I. Stigma tubi trachealis utrinque pone stigma sacci trachealis in latere ventris non adest. A. Tarsi articulo unguifero aucti; mamillae superiores reliquis multo longiores, articulis trinis aut binis: subtus tubulis textoriis praeditae; series oculorum 8 ambae recurvae; tarsorum ungues trini. II. HERSILIOIDAE. B. Tarsi articulo unguifero distincto carentes. 1. Pars cephalica impressionibus lateralibus a parte thoracica saepissime distincta; mamillae superiores inferioribus plerumque multo longiores. a. Cephalothorax brevis, subreniformis vel inverse cordatus, parte cephalica parva; matmillae superiores reliquis multo longiores, artic. binis, 2de longo, compresso; mandibulae parvae, debiles; maxillae in labium valde inclinatae; oculi 8; tarsorum ungues trini. I. UROCTEOIDAE. b.Cephalothorax oblongus, parte cephalica majore, saepissime elevata, convexa; mamillae superiores reliquis plerumque longiores et tum subtus tubulis textoriis praeditae; oculi 8, rarissime O; tarsorum ungues trini (exc. in Agraeca). III. AGALENOIDAE. 2.Pars cephalica a parte thoracica non distincta; mamillae superiores inferioribus non vel parum longiores. a.Mandibulae inter se liberae, ungue mediocri vel longo; labium non cum sterno coalitum; oculi 8, rarissime (in gen. Thysa) 6; ungues tarsorum bini IV. DRASSOIDAE. b.Mandibulae versus basin interse unitae; labium cum sterno coalitum; oculi 8; ungues tarsorum trini.VI. FILISTATOIDAE. II. Stigmata 4, bina in utroque latere ad basin ventris; oculi 6, rarissime (in Stalita) O; ungues tarsorum trini aut bini. V. DYSDEROIDAE. Thorell {\textquoteright}s family Filistatoidae includes only the genus Filistata. Under his suborder Tubitelariae THORELL (European Spiders, part I.) includes six families, the characters of which will be found under Drassidae (p. 152). The first two families, which are newly established by Thorell, may be referred to in this place. The Urocteoidae, according to the author, "stand just upon the boundary-line between Tubitelariae and Retitelariae; " they include:-1. Urocta (Duf.)=Clotho (Walck.), the latter name previously employed: Oculi omnes rotundati, convexi; cephalothorax subreniformis; pedes robusti; mamillae superiores subtus tubulis textoriis vestiti; type Clotho durandi (Walck.); and 2. OEcobius (Luc.): Oculi intermedii postici subtrianguli, deplanati; cephalothorax inverse subcordatus; pedes graciliores; type OE. domesticus (Luc); also includes OE. annulipes (Luc.); both species possess eight eyes. THORELL{\textquoteright}s Amaurobiinoe nearly correspond with the Ciniflonidoe of Blackwall after the removal of those genera, such as Veleda, which agree with Ciniflo only in possessing an inframamillary organ and a calamistrum. The type of Dictyna is A. arundinacea (Linn.); Lethia includes only Ciniflo humilis (Blackw.)=L. varia(Menge); and the type of Amaurobius (=Ciniflo, Blackw.) is A. fenestralis (Strom)=atrox (De G.). Of the Agaleninoe, Cyboeus includes C. tetricus and angustiarum (L. Koch); the type of Coelotes is C. saxatilis (Blackw.); the type of Tegenaria is T. civilis (Walck.), and the genus includes most of the species referred to Philoica, the relations of which are discussed (p. 130); Hahnia has for its type Ag. montana (Blackw.)=H. pusilla (Koch), and includes Ag. elegans (Blackw.) and other species; Agalena (changed from Agelena on etymological grounds) has as its type A. labyrinthica (Cl.); the type of Textrix is A. denticulate (Oliv.)=T. lycosina (Sund.); Hadites (Keys.) includes only H. tegenarioides (Keys.); the type of Agroeca is Agel. brunnea (Blackw.)=linotina (Koch). The Argyronetinoe require no notice. THORELL{\textquoteright}s Theridioidae include the following European genera:-I. Abdomen petiolo longo, nodoso cum cephalothorace unitum. 2. Formicina (Canestr.). II. Petiolum brevissimum, angustum. A. Oculi non in tres turmas dispositi, neque inter se valde inaequales. 1. Oculi laterales inter se spatio minore disjuncti, quam quo distant medii antici a mediis posticis. a.Pedes aculeis sparsis armati. Oculi medii in trapezium antice angustius dispositi. ?. Oculi medii antici a margine clypei spatio non breviore distantes, quam quo a mediis posticis distant. 6. Linyphia (Lat.). ?. Oculi medii antici a margine clypei multo minus distantes, quam quo a mediis posticis distant. 5. Tapinopa (Westr.). Oculi medii in quadratum dispositi. 10. Ero (C. Koch). b. Pedes aculeis carentes (rarissime serie aculeorum subtus instructis).Mandibulae femore plus duplo crassiores, usque a basi divergentes. 1. Pachygnatha (Sund.). Mandibulae non vel apice tantum divergentes. ?. Mandibulae non vel parum crassiores quam femora anteriora; maxillae paralleliter porrectae; pedum prop. 1, 2, 4, 3. 4. Argyrodes (Sim.). ?. Mandibulae plerumque femore crassiores et apice divergentes; pedum prop. 4, 1, 2, 3. a. Maxillae subparallelae vel in labium inclinatae, ad basin non vel parum latiores 8. Walckenaera (Blackw.). b. Maxillae ad basin valde dilatatae. 7. Erigone (Sav. \& Aud.). Mandibulae saepissime femore angustiores et subcylindratae; maxillae plerumque in labium fortiter inclinatae. a. Oculi laterales contingentes. a.Oculi medii trapezium antice duplo angustius formantes, maxillae latae 9. Nesticus, g. n. b.Oculi medii aream antici non vel parum angustiorem quam postici occupantes; maxillae plerumque angustae et sub-lineares. aa. Spatium inter oculos posticos medios et laterales duplo circiter majus, quam spatium, quo distant oculi medii inter se 11. Phyllonethis, g. n. bb. Spatium inter oculos posticos medios et laterales non vel paullo tantum majus, quam quo distant illi inter se. Series oculorum postica, desuperne visa, procurva vel subrecta. aa. Oculi minores 13. Theridium (Walck.). bb. Oculi majores. 14. Steatoda (Sund.). Series oculorum posticorum, evidenter recurva. aa. Pedes 1ml paris reliquis longiores; abdomen subglobosum12. Dipoena, g. n. bb. Pedes 4ti paris reliquis longiores; series oculorum posticorum fortiter recurva; abdomen ovatum. 17. Euryopis (Menge). ?. Oculi laterales disjuncti. a. Spatium inter oculos anticos medios et laterales vix majus, quam spatium quo distant laterales inter se. 3. Episinus (Walck.). b.Spatium inter oculos anticos medios et laterales multo majus, quam quo distant hi inter se. aa. Clypeus humilior; oculi medii in rectangulum dispositi. 15. Lithyphantes, g. n. [beta][beta]. Clypeus altus; oculi medii aream antice paullo angustiorem occupantes 18. Asagena (Sund.). 2. Oculi in duas series subparallelas dispositi. 16. Lathrodectus (Walck.). B. Oculi in tres turmas dispositi, duas laterales ex oculis trinis magnis constantes, tertiam ex oculis duobus minutissimis inter illas sitis. 19. Pholcomma, g. n. Of Pachygnatha the type is P. clerckti (Sund.), and of Formicina, F. mutinensis (Canest.); the type of Episinus is E. truncatus (Walck.), that of Argyrodes is A. epeirae (Sim.)=Linyphia argyrodes (Walck.), and that of Tapinopa is Linyphia longidens (Reuss). Linyphia has for its type A. triangularis (Cl.), and to it Thorell restores all the species which have lately been formed into new genera especially by Menge, with the exception of A. cellulanus (C1.), of which he makes the type of a new genus. Neriene (Blackw.) consists of species which Thorell refers to Linyphia, Walckenaera, and Erigone. The type of Erigone is E. vagans (Sav. \& Aud.). Walckenaera, which has for its type W. acuminata (Blackw.)=Erigone cornuta (Reuss); includes many of the genera proposed by Menge. Ero has for its type A. tuberculata (De G.); E. saxatilis (Koch) is a Theridium. Of Theridium, as restricted by him, Thorell regards A. sisyphium (Cl.) as the type; the genus corresponds to Walckenaer {\textquoteright}s third family. Steatoda has as ita type A. castaneus (C1.), and is very nearly synonymous with Eucharia (C. Koch). The type of Lathrodectus is A. 13-guttata (Rossi), and that of Euryopis, Micryphantes flavo-maculatus (Koch); the latter genus also includes Therid. laetum (Westr.) and T. acuminatum (Luc). Asagena has as its type Ph. phaleratum (Panz.). In Thorell {\textquoteright}s family Scytodoidae, the genus Pholcus has Aranea pluchii (Scop.) for its type, and Spermophora (=Rachus, Walck.) has S. meridionalts (Hentz). Scytodes is represented by S. thoracica (Lat.) and Loxosceles (=Omosites, Walck.) has as its type L. citigrada (Hein. \& Lowe), and includes Scytodes rufescens (Duf.). The Enyoidae include only the genera Zodarium and Enyo, the former having as its type Enyo longipes (Sav. \& Aud.) and including E. graeca (Koch) and E. occitanica (Dog.), which may all form one species; and the type of the latter being E. nitida (Sav. \& Aud.), with which E. germanica (Koch) is probably identical, and a second (or third) species, E. italica (Canestr.). E. amaranthina (Luc.) ought probably to form the type of a third genus.},
	keywords = {(Blackw.) = Ox. littoralis (Sim.) as its type, (C. Koch), (Cambr.)]., (Cl.), (Cl.) the type of Ctenus is Ctenus dubius (Walck.) Peucetia substitued, (Cl.)]., (De G.), (Keys. nec, (Koch), (Koch), (See Table, p. 148.) Type, Attus formicaeformis, (Luc.)]., (Linn.)]., (Luc.)]., (Luc), (Panz.)]., (Rossi), (see p. 156)]., (See Table, p. 149.) Type, A. sanguinolenta, (Linn.)]., (See Table, p. 151.) Type, A. margaritatus, (Cl.)]., (Sund.), (Walck.), (Walck.)]., (Westr.), = Aulonia alacris, = Aulonia silvicola, = Stalita taenaria, 13-guttata, 151.) Type, Xysticus depressus, (Koch)]., 4-guttatum, (Hahn), = Amaurobius kochii, (Auss.), =?, Ther. obscurum,, A. cellulanus - (Cl.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., A. corollota, acuminatum, Aelurops (Araneae): [Gen nov, Agalenoidae, Agalenoidae (Araneae)., Agelena, Agelena (Araneae)., Agelena celans, Agelena celans (Araneae)., Agelenidae, Agelenidae (Araneae)., Agelenidae gracilipes - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Agelenidae spinimana - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Agroeca, Agroeca - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Amaurobiinae, Amaurobiinae (Araneae)., Amaurobius, Amaurobius - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Amaurobius kochii - (Auss.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., and Oxyopes has O., Anyphaena, Anyphaena (Araneae)., Apostenus, Apostenus - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Apostenus saxatilis - (Auss.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Araneae, Araneae (Arachnida)., Arctosa, Arctosa (Araneae)., Argenna (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Argenna mengei (Araneae): [Sp nov, Type, sp. n., p. 123, Upsal]., Argyrodes, Argyrodes - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes 13-guttata - (Rossi) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes castaneus - (Cl.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes epeiroe - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes sisyphium, Argyrodes sisyphium - (Cl.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes triangularis - (Cl.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyrodes tuberculata - (De G.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Argyroneta - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Artanes (Araneae): [Gen nov, as its, Asagena, Asagena - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Atea melanogaster, Atea melanogaster - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attoidae, Attoidae (Araneae)., Attus, Attus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus cupreus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus formicaeformis - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus frontalis - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus heterophthalmus - (Reuss) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus lucasii - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Attus piceus - (Sulzer) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Atypus, Atypus - (Latr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Aulonia (Araneae)., Aulonia [Zoology / / The type of, Aulonia alacris - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Aulonia ruricola, Aulonia ruricola - (De G.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Aulonia silvicola - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Avicularia, Avicularia - (Lam.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ballus, Ballus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Biology, Caelotes - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., castaneus, Cercidia (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Chiracanthium, Chiracanthium - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ciniflo, Ciniflo - Blackw. (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ciniflo humilis - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Citigradae, Citigradae (Araneae)., Clubiona - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Clubiona domestica - (Reuss) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Coelotes, Coelotes (Araneae)., Coriarachne (Araneae): [Gen nov, Cryphoeca (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Cteniza, Cteniza (Araneae)., Ctenus, Ctenus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ctenus dubius - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Cyclosa, Cyclosa (Araneae)., Cyrtarachne - (Thor.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Cyrtauchenius (Araneae): [Gen nov, Cyrtocephalus, Luc.) (See Table, p. 145.) Type, C. walckenaerii,, Cyrtophora, Cyrtophora - (Simon) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Deinopis, Deinopis (Araneae)., Dendryphantes, Dendryphantes - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Diaea (Araneae): [Gen nov, Dictyna, Dictyna - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Dipoena (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Dipoena [Zoology / / pp. 77 \& 91, Dolomedes, Dolomedes - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Dolomedes spinimanus - (Duf.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassidae, Drassidae (Araneae)., Drassodes - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus, Drassus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus ater - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus fulgens - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus lucifugus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus praelongipes - (Cambr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Drassus subniger - (Cambr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Dysdera, Dysdera - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Dysderoidae, Dysderoidae (Araneae)., Episinus, Episinus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Episinus truncatus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Eresus, Eresus (Araneae)., Eresus calophylla - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Eresus fasciata - (Oliv.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Eresus faustum - (Hentz) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Eresus reticulata - (Linn.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Erigone, Erigone (Araneae)., Ero - (C. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero [Zoology / / Argyrodes tuberculata, Ero amaranthina - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero germanica - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero groeca - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero italica - (Canestr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero nitida - (Sav. \& Aud.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero occitanica - (Dog.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Ero saxatilis (Koch), Ero saxatilis (Koch) (Araneae)., Eucharia, Euophrys, Euophrys - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Euryopis, Euryopis (Araneae)., Filistata, Filistata (Araneae)., Filistatoidae, Filistatoidae (Araneae)., for its type, for Pasithea (the latter name being preoccupied) has P. viridis, Gen nov, g. n., p. 133, Type, Agelena, Gen nov, g. n., p. 165, (=, Gen nov, g. n., p. 180, (= Artamus, Koch), Gen nov, g. n., p. 184, (See Table, p. 151.), Gen nov, g. n., p. 186, (See Table, p., Gen nov, g. n., p. 209, = Salticus,, Gen nov, g. n., p. 217, = Philia, (Koch),, Gen nov, g. n., p. 219, (= Dia, and,, Gnaphosa, Gnaphosa - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Hadites - (Keys.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., has, Heliophanus, Heliophanus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Hersilia - (Sav. \& Aud.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Hersilia oraniensis - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Hersilia oraniensis [Zoology / / is made the type of a new genus by, Hersilioidae, Hersilioidae (Araneae)., Hersiliola, Hersiliola (Araneae)., Heteropoda, Heteropoda - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Histopona (Araneae): [Gen nov, Hyptiotes, Hyptiotes - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Idiops - (Perty) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Laterigradae, Laterigradae (Araneae)., Lathrodectus, latter genus also includes, Leptorchestes (Araneae): [Gen nov, Linyphia, Linyphia - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia argyrodes - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Linyphia longidens - (Reuss) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Liocranum, Liocranum - (L. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Liphistius - Schiodte (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lithyphantes (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Lithyphantes [Zoology / / pp. 77 \& 91, Loxosceles, Loxosceles - (Lowe) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Loxosceles citigrada - (Hein. \& Lowe) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosa, Lycosa - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosa albimana, Lycosa albimana - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosa apuliae, Lycosa apuliae - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosa lugubris, Lycosa lugubris - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Lycosoidae, Lycosoidae (Araneae)., Marpessa, Marpessa - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Menemerus, Menemerus - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Menemerus falsificus - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., merianoe, Meta, Meta - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Meta merianoe (Araneae)., Meta muraria - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Micrommata, Micrommata - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Micrommata horrida - (Fab.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Micryphantes flavo-maculatus, Micryphantes flavo-maculatus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Misumena, Misumena - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Monaeses (Araneae): [Gen nov, g. n., p. 182, (= Monastes, Luc.) (See, Monases (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Monastes - Luc. (Araneae): [Systematics]., Nemesia, Nemesia - (Say. \& Aud.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Nemesia cellicola - (Sav. \& Aud.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Nephila, Nephila (Araneae)., Neriene - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Nesticus, Nesticus (Araneae): [Gen nov]., New taxa, Nomenclature, Ocyale, Ocyale (Araneae)., Ocyale (Sav. Aud.), Ocyale (Sav. Aud.) (Araneae)., OEcobiidae - Blackw. (Araneae): [Systematics]., OEcobius - (Luc.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Olios leucosios - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Oonops, Oonops - (Temp.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Oonops pulcher - (Temp.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Opiliones, Opiliones (Arachnida)., Oxyopes, Oxyopes - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Oxyopes by probably belongs to the Mygalidae]., Oxyptila - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Pachygnatha, Pachygnatha (Araneae)., Palpimanus, Palpimanus (Araneae)., Palpimanus P. gibbulus - (Duf.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Parthenia, Koch) (See Table, p. 149.) Type, AElurops v-insignitus,, Peucetia, Peucetia (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Ph. phaleratum, Philaeus (Araneae): [Gen nov, Philodromus, Philodromus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Pholcomma (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Pholcomma [Zoology / / pp. 77 \& 98, Pholcus, Pholcus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phrurolithus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phrurolithus Phrurolithus festivus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Phyllonethis, Phyllonethis (Araneae): [Gen nov]., piochardi, (Sim.), and, Xysticus cuneolus, (Koch)]., Pirata, Pirata - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., piraticus (Cl.) and includes P. uliginosus (Thor.) Dolomedes typically, Pythonissa - Koch (Araneae): [Systematics]., represented by A. fimbriatus (Cl.) the type of Ocyale is A. mirabilis, rest of Koch{\textquoteright}s genus Arctosa Pirata (= Potamia Ohl ) has for its type A., Retitelariae, Retitelariae (Araneae)., Salticidae, Salticidae (Araneae)., Salticus, Salticus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Salticus - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Salticus brevipes - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Salticus obscurus - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Salticus pulchellus - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Schiodte)]., Scytodoidae, Scytodoidae (Araneae)., Segestria, Segestria - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Selenops, Selenops - (Duf.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Singa - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Sparassus, Sparassus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Sparassus argelasii - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Spermophora, Spermophora - (Hentz) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Stalita, Stalita - (Schiodte) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Stalita schiaedtii (Araneae)., Stalita schiaedtii [Zoology / / p. 156, Stalita taenaria - (Keys. nec Schiodte) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Steatoda, Steatoda - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Systematics, Table, p. 151.) Type, M. paradoxus, (Luc.), Other species, Thom., Tapinopa, Tapinopa (Araneae)., Tapinopa (Westr.), Tapinopa (Westr.) (Araneae)., Tarentula, Tarentula - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tegenaria, Tegenaria - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tegenaria civilis - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Territelariae, Territelariae (Arachnida)., Tetragnatha, Tetragnatha - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Textrix, Textrix - (Sund.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Textrix montana - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Th. congener, Thanatus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., the, Therid. loetum, Therid. projectum, Theridiidae, Theridiidae (Araneae)., Theridioidae, Theridioidae (Araneae)., Theridium, Theridium - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Theridium 4-guttatum - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Theridium acuminatum - (Luc). (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus, Thomisus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus abbreviatus - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus diadema - (Hahn) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus lateralis - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus scabriculus - (Westr.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Thomisus villosus - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Titanaeca (Araneae): [Gen nov]., Titanoeca (Araneae): [Gen nov, g. n., p. 124, Type, Theridium, torpida, (Koch), incl. also, Textrix montana, (Koch)]., Trachelas - (L. Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Trechona, Trechona - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., tricuspidata, (Fab.), = Thom. diana, (Walck.)]., Trochosa, Trochosa - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tubitelariae, Tubitelariae (Araneae)., type, type includes T. intricaria Koch also Lyc. leopardus (Sund.) and the, Type, A. dorsata, (Fab.), Other species, A. globosa, (Fab.), and, A., Uloborus, Uloborus - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Uloborus latreillii, Uloborus latreillii (Araneae)., Uloborus walckenaerii - (Lat.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Uroctea - (Duf.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., variegatus (Lat.) The Brazilian genus Idiops (Perty) combined with, Walckenaera, Walckenaera - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Walckenaera acuminata - (Blackw.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus, Xysticus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus audax - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus cuneolus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus depressus - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Xysticus kochii (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Xysticus viaticus - (Koch nec Linn.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Yllenus, Yllenus - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Yllenus arenarius - (Sim.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zilla, Zilla - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zodarium, Zodarium - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zora, Zora - (Koch) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zora lycaena - (Walck.) (Araneae): [Systematics]., Zosis (Araneae)., Zosis [Zoology / / ].},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR00600000052},
	author = {Thorell, T.}
}
@article {393,
	title = {Araneae Lycosaeformia 1. (Agelenidae, Hahniidae, Pisauridae)},
	journal = {Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission de G F de Witte},
	volume = {No. 30},
	year = {1955},
	note = {ZOOR09200001161},
	month = {1955},
	pages = {1-420},
	keywords = {[female] Marua, Cameroons p. 192 figs., [female] Nairobi, Kenya p. 348 figs., Thalassius contactus, sp. nov.,, [female] p. 37 figs., Agelena jumbo kiwuensis, [male] + [female] p. 39, [female] p. 44 figs., Agelena dubiosa, [male] + [female] p. 23 figs.,, [female] Rehoboth, Southwest Africa p. 289 figs., Thalassius preussi,, [female] Southwest Africa p. 141 figs., Euprosthenops heart-manni, sp., [female] Upemba Park, Belgian Congo p. 369 figs., Dolomedes furcatus,, [female] Upemba, Belgian Congo p. 295 figs., Thalassius wittei, sp., [female] Upemba, Belgian Congo p. 302 fig., Thalassius cromei, sp. nov.,, [male] + [female] Bismarckburg, Togo p. 320 figs., Thalassius gaerdesi,, [male] + [female] Upemba Park, Belgian Congo p. 53 figs., Agelena, [Sp nov]]., [Systematics]., / / Arachnida, / Arachnida, + [female] p. 46 figs., Agelena zorica, [female] p. 40 fig., 104 figs., Hahnia rouleti, p. 108 figs., Hahnia schubotzi, p. 105 figs.,, 117, 125, [Nom nov]]., 153 figs., Maypacius stuhlmanni, p. 156 figs., 1916, nec, Euprosthenops armatus, Strand, p. 133, Euprosthenops lesserti, 1928, p. 134, Euprosthenops annulipes, p. 129 fig., Euprosthenops, 194 figs., Phalaeops somalica, sp. nov., [female] Djibuti, Somaliland p., 196 figs., [Sp nov]]., 214 figs., Rothus pictus, sp. nov., [female] Mabwe: [male] Tete,, 219, 229 figs., Pisaura ducis, p. 223 figs., Pisaura faradjensis, p. 225, 238 figs., Cispius aethiopicus, p. 248 fig., Cispius ambiguus, p. 246, 254 fig., 261, 265 figs., Perenethis simoni, p. 262 fig., 273, 354, 393, 395, 76] [ / / HAHNIIDAE of the Ethopian, aethiops, Africa, Africa p. 107 fig., Hahnia annulata, p. 111 fig., Hahnia macrovulva, p., Africa p. 67 figs., Agelena jaundea, sp. nov., [male] Jaunde, Cameroons, Afrotropical, Afrotropical region, Agelena, Agelena annulipedella, Agelena annulipedella (Araneae)., Agelena bornemiszai, Agelena bornemiszai (Araneae)., Agelena dubiosa, Agelena dubiosa (Araneae)., Agelena fagei (Araneae)., Agelena fagei, [female] p. 29 fig., Agelena funerea, [female] p. 32, Agelena funerea, Agelena funerea (Araneae)., Agelena gaerdesi (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female] Okahandja, Southwest, Agelena hirsutissima, Agelena hirsutissima (Araneae)., Agelena jaundea (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena jumbo, Agelena jumbo (Araneae)., Agelena jumbo kiwuensis (Araneae)., Agelena keniana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena kiboschensis, Agelena kiboschensis (Araneae)., Agelena lawrencei (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena leucopyga, Agelena leucopyga (Araneae)., Agelena lingua (Araneae)., Agelena littoricola, Agelena littoricola (Araneae)., Agelena longimamillata (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena moschiemis (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena mossambica (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena nairobii, Agelena nairobii (Araneae)., Agelena nyassana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena nyassana, sp. nov., [female] Nyasaland p. 52 figs., Agelena, Agelena tenuella (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena teteana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena upembana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Agelena zorica, Agelena zorica (Araneae)., Agelena zuluana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., albopunctatus, p. 335 figs., Thalassius auratus, p. 309 fig., Thalassius, Angola, annulipedella, [female] p. 33 figs., Agelena bornemiszai, [male] +, Arachnida, Aran] [, Aran] [ /, Aran] [ / /, Aran] [ / / Arachnida, Aran]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Zoology / / AGELENIDAE of the Ethiopian region p. 3 keys to, armatus, p. 137 figs., Euprosthenops australis, p. 144 fig.,, Arthropoda (Animalia)., Arthropoda [Zoology / / Arachnida, atomarius, Available name, Belgian Congo, Belgian Congo p. 299 fig., Thalassius parallelus, sp. nov., [female], Belgian Congo p. 370 figs., Dolomedes fageli, sp. nov., [male] +, Berland 1922, non Bosenberg \& Lenz 1895 p. 160, Maypacius bilineatus, p., Biology, bulcobensis, bulcobensis, p. 341 fig., Thalassius cataractus, p. 287 fig., Thalassius, Cameroons, Campostichomma, Campostichomma disparile (Araneae)., Campostichomma disparile [Zoology / / p. 93 figs, Campostichomma melanum, Campostichomma melanum (Araneae)., Campostichomma natalense, Campostichomma natalense (Araneae)., Campostichomma punctatum (Araneae)., Campostichomma robustum, Campostichomma robustum (Araneae)., Campostichomma urbense, Campostichomma urbense (Araneae)., Campostichomma zuluense, Campostichomma zuluense (Araneae)., Caripetella madagascariensis (Araneae)., Caripetella madagascariensis [Zoology / / p. 184 figs]., characterised p. 234]., Cispinilus (Araneae): [Gen nov, [Pisauridae] defined p. 258, Cispiolus (Araneae): [Gen nov, [Pisauridae] defined p. 187, Cispiolus angolensis (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Cispiolus cruciatus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Cispiolus marfieldi (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Cispiolus upembensis (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Cispiomma (Araneae): [Gen nov, [Pisauridae] defined p. 259, Cispius, Cispius aethiopicus, Cispius aethiopicus (Araneae)., Cispius ambiguus, Cispius ambiguus (Araneae)., Cispius atomarius (Araneae)., Cispius bidentatum - Lessert (Araneae): [Systematics]., Cispius flavidus - Simon (Araneae): [Systematics]., Cispius natalensis, Cispius natalensis (Araneae)., Cispius novus, Cispius novus (Araneae)., Cispius novus, p. 250 fig., Cispius strandi, p. 239 figs., Cispius, Cispius quadrimaculatus (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female] Moschi, East Africa, Cispius strandi, Cispius strandi (Araneae)., Cispius tanganus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Cispius tertalei (Araneae)., Congo p. 188 figs., Cispiolus angolensis, sp. nov., [male] + [female], Congo p. 302 fig., Thalassius multimaculatus, sp. nov., [female] Upemba., Desis beckeri, Desis beckeri (Araneae)., Desis tangana (Araneae): [Sp nov, [male] + [female] Tanga, East Africa, Desis tubicola, Desis tubicola (Araneae)., Dolomedes, Dolomedes actaeon, Dolomedes actaeon (Araneae)., Dolomedes actaeon, p. 374 fig., Dolomedes aethiops, p. 382 fig.,, Dolomedes aethiops (Araneae)., Dolomedes bistylus (Araneae): [Sp nov, [male] + [female] Upemba Park,, Dolomedes crosbyi, Dolomedes crosbyi (Araneae)., Dolomedes crosbyi, p. 361 figs., Dolomedes gracilipes, p. 364 figs.,, Dolomedes fageli (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Dolomedes furcatus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Dolomedes fuscipes (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Dolomedes gracilipes, Dolomedes gracilipes (Araneae)., Dolomedes ingens, Dolomedes ingens (Araneae)., Dolomedes ingens, p. 379 figs., Dolomedes smithi, p. 384 figs.,, Dolomedes lesserti (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Dolomedes machadoi (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Dolomedes smithi, Dolomedes smithi (Araneae)., Dolomedes straeleni (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Dolomedes transfuga, Dolomedes transfuga (Araneae)., Dolomedes transfuga, p. 372 fig., East Africa, Ethiopian species characterised p. 17, Ethiopian species p. 160, Ethiopian species p. 169, Ethiopian species p. 199, Euophrys proximus - Lessert 1919 (Araneae): [Systematics]., Euophrys proximus - Schenkel 1936 (Araneae): [Systematics]., Euprosthenomma (Araneae): [Gen nov, [Pisauridae] defined p. 148, Euprosthenops annulipes, Euprosthenops annulipes (Araneae)., Euprosthenops armatus, Euprosthenops armatus - Lessert 1916 (Araneae): [Systematics]., Euprosthenops armatus - Strand (Araneae): [Systematics]., Euprosthenops armatus garambensis - Lessert 1928 (Araneae):, Euprosthenops australis, Euprosthenops australis (Araneae)., Euprosthenops biguttatus (Araneae): [Sp nov, [male] + [female] Upemba, Euprosthenops grimmi (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Euprosthenops heart-manni (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Euprosthenops lesserti garambensis (Araneae): [Nom nov]., Euprosthenops lessertii (Araneae): [Nom nov]., Euprosthenops lessertii, nom. nov., pro, Euprosthenops armatus, Lessert, Euprosthenops pedatus, Euprosthenops pedatus (Araneae)., Euprosthenops pedatus, p. 128 figs., Euprosthenops proximus, p. 130, Euprosthenops proximus, Euprosthenops proximus (Araneae)., Euprosthenops schenkeli (Araneae): [Nom nov]., Euprosthenops wuhlischi (Araneae): [Sp nov]., exilipes, fagei, faradjensis, fig, fig., Agelena lawrencei, sp. nov., [female] Salisbury, Rhodesia p. 60, fig., Agelena littoricola, [female] p. 49 fig., Agelena nairobii, [male], fig., Cispius atomarius, p. 242 figs., Cispius natalensis, p. 245 fig.,, fig., Thalassius kastneri, sp. nov., Kenya p. 339 figs., Thalassius, figs., figs., Agelena hirsutissima, [male] p. 17 fig., Agelena jumbo, [male] +, figs., Agelena kiboschensis, [male] + [female] p. 41 figs., Agelena, figs., Agelena longimamillata, sp. nov., [female] Tete, Mosambique p. 58, figs., Agelena moschiemis, sp. nov., [female] Moschi, East Africa p. 35, figs., Agelena mossambica, sp. nov., [female] Tete, Mosambique p. 56,, figs., Maypacius berlandi, nom. nov., pro, Tetragonophthalma stuhlmanni,, figs., Nilus sparassiformis, [female] lectotype described, Madagascar p., figs., Pisaura rothiformis, p. 220 figs., figs., Thalassius harpago, sp. nov., [male] Tete, Mosambique p. 352, figs., Thalassius jaundeus, sp. nov., [female] Jaunde, Cameroons p. 315, figs., Thalassius malitiosus, sp. nov., [female] Upemba, Belgian Congo, figs., Thalassius regalis, p. 310 fig., Thalassius rossii, p. 287 fig.,, figs., Thalassius spenceri, p. 285 figs., Thalassius tuckeri, p. 291, figs., Thalassius trifasciatus, sp. nov., [female] Upemba, Belgian Congo, figs., Thalassius unicolor, p. 303 fig., fimbriatus, p. 283 figs., Thalassius formosus, p. 312 fig., Thalassius, formosus, fulvus, p. 330 fig., Thalassius guineensis, p. 305 figs., Thalassius, garambensis, nom. nov., pro, Euprosthenops armatus garambensis, Lessert, genera within subfamilies pp. 9, gressorius, sp. nov., [female] Rio Cassini, Portuguese Guinea p. 326, guineensis annulatus, guineensis annulatus, p. 308 fig., Thalassius inornatus, p. 308 fig.,, Hahnia kastneri (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female] Southwest Ruanda, East, Hahnia tubicola, p. 112 fig.]., Hahniops eidmanni (Araneae)., Hahniops eidmanni [Zoology / / p. 114 fig]., jumbo kiwuensis, kazibius, sp. nov., [female] Upemba, Belgian Congo p. 298 figs.,, Kenya, Key to, key to Ethiopian, key to Ethiopian genera p. 118]., key to Ethiopian species, key to Ethiopian species p., key to Ethiopian species p. 123, key to Ethiopian species p. 13]., key to Ethiopian species p. 187,, key to Ethiopian species p. 232, key to Ethiopian species p. 253, key to Ethiopian species p. 357, key to Ethiopian species p. 85]., key to genera p. 102] [ / / of the Ethopian region p., leucopyga, [male] + [female] p. 25 figs., Agelena lingua, [female] p. 50, lingua, Madagascar, Madagascar p. 354 figs., [Sp nov]]., Marua, Cameroons p. 217 figs., Rothus aethiopicus, p. 206 figs., Maypacius berlandi (Araneae): [Nom nov]., Maypacius bilineatus, Maypacius bilineatus (Araneae)., Maypacius kastneri (Araneae): [Sp nov, [male] Bosoni, Cameroons p. 158, Maypacius stuhlmanni, Maypacius stuhlmanni (Araneae)., melanum, Mosambique, Mosambique p. 210 figs., Rothus upembanus, sp. nov., [female] Upemba, Mosambique p. 396 figs., [Sp nov]]., Moschi, East Africa p. 189 figs., Cispiolus marfieldi, sp. nov.,, Mossamedes, Angola p. 191 figs., Cispiolus cruciatus, sp. nov., [female], Namaqualand, Namaqualand p. 166 figs., Spencerella sexmaculata, p. 162 figs., New taxa, Nilus maruanus (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female] Marua, Cameroons p. 256, Nilus sparassiformis, Nilus sparassiformis (Araneae)., Nomenclature, nov., [female] Jaunde, Cameroons p. 374 figs., Dolomedes lesserti, sp., nov., [female] Massai, Aruscha, East Africa p. 131 figs., Euprosthenops, nov., [female] Rio Cassini, Portuguese Guinea p. 378 figs., Dolomedes, nov., [female] Tete, Mosambique p. 385 fig., Dolomedes machadoi, sp., nov., [female] Upemba, Belgian Congo p. 293 figs., Thalassius, nov., [male] + [female] Upemba Park, Belgian Congo p. 181 figs., nov., [male] Tete, Mosambique p. 59 figs., Agelena upembana, sp. nov.,, Nyasaland, Other, other species, other species characterised, other species characterised p., other species characterised p. 161]., other species characterised p. 170]., other species characterised p. 201]., other species characterised p. 220]., other species characterised p. 267]., other species characterised p. 297]., other species characterised p. 403]., p. 152, [Nom nov]]., p. 172 fig., Tetragonophthalma pelengea, sp. nov., [male] + [female], p. 235 figs., Cispius tanganus, sp. nov., [male] Tanga, East Africa p., p. 253]., p. 296 figs., Thalassius umbrosus, sp. nov., [female] Rio Cassini,, p. 297, Thalassius maculatipes, sp. nov., [female] Moschi, East Africa, p. 315 figs., Thalassius albiabundans, sp. nov., [female] Rio Cassini,, p. 318 figs., Thalassius mossambicus, sp. nov., [female] Tete Mosambique, p. 320 figs., Thalassius maruanus, sp. nov., [female] Marua, Cameroons, p. 347 figs., Thalassius marfieldi, sp. nov., [female] Marua, Cameroons, p. 351 figs., Thalassius mubaleus, sp. nov., [female] Upemba, Belgian, p. 404, p. 405 fig. key to Ethiopian species p. 403, p. 69 figs., Agelena keniana, sp. nov., [female] Nairobi, Kenya p. 28, p. 86 figs, p. 87 fig, p. 89 fig, p. 91 fig, p. 92 figs, p. 96 figs., Desis beckeri, p. 101 fig., Desis tubicola, p. 100 fig.]., Park, Belgian Congo p. 135 figs., Euprosthenops grimmi, sp. nov.,, Park, Belgian Congo p. 209 figs., Rothus vestitus, sp. nov., [female], Perenethis simoni, Perenethis simoni (Araneae)., Perenethis straeleni (Araneae): [Sp nov, [male] Mabwe, Belgian Congo p., Phalaeops (Araneae): [Gen nov, [Pisauridae] defined p. 194, Phalaeops mossambica (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Phalaeops somalica (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Phanotea simoni (Araneae)., Phanotea simoni [Zoology / / [female] p. 81 fig., Pisaura, Pisaura camerunensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female] Jaunde, Cameroons p., Pisaura ducis, Pisaura ducis (Araneae)., Pisaura faradjensis (Araneae)., Pisaura rothiformis, Pisaura rothiformis (Araneae)., Portuguese Guinea, Portuguese Guinea p. 325 figs., Thalassius biseriatus, sp. nov.,, Portuguese Guinea p. 327 figs., Thalassius upembanus, sp. nov., [male] +, punctatum, region, region p. 101, Rothus aethiopicus, Rothus aethiopicus (Araneae)., Rothus mossamedesus (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female] Mossamedes, Angola p., Rothus pictus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Rothus upembanus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Rothus vestitus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Schenkel 1936, nec, Euophrys proximus, Lessert 1919, p. 149, [Nom nov]]., sexmaculata, signatus, sp. nov., [female] Moschi, East Africa p. 349 figs.,, Somaliland, Southwest, sp. nov., [female] Okahandja, Southwest Africa p. 288 fig., Thalassius, sp. nov., [male] + [female] Bakombe, Cameroons p. 316 figs., Thalassius, sp. nov., [male] Tete, Mosambique p. 387 figs., Dolomedes fuscipes, sp., species characterised p. 376]., species p. 78]., species, Cispiolus upembensis, sp. nov., [female] Upemba Park, Belgian, species, Cispius bidentatum, Lessert, [male] 1936 p. 259]., species, Cispius flavidus, Simon, [female] 1909 p. 258]., species, Euprosthenops schenkeli, nom. nov., pro, Euophrys proximus,, species, Phalaeops mossambica, sp. nov., [female] Tete, Mosambique p., Spencerella, Spencerella namaquensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female] Grootfontein,, Spencerella sexmaculata (Araneae)., straeleni, sp. nov., [female] Upemba Park, Belgian Congo p. 366 figs.,, Systematics, Tapinothele concolor - Caporiacco 1947 (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tapinothele vittipes - Caporiacco (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tapinothelella laboriosa (Araneae)., Tapinothelella laboriosa [Zoology / / p. 392 figs]., Tapinothelops (Araneae): [Gen nov, [Pisauridae: Thaumasiinae] defined p., tenuella, sp. nov., [female] Cameroons p. 71 figs., Agelena teteana, sp., tertalei, tertalei, p. 247 figs., Tetragonophthalma guentheri (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female] Belgian Congo, Tetragonophthalma pelengea (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Tetragonophthalma stuhlmanni - Berland 1922 (Araneae): [Systematics]., Tetragonophthalma wittei (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassiopsis (Araneae): [Gen nov, [Pisauridae: Thalassiinae] defined p., Thalassiopsis vachoni (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius, Thalassius alacer (Araneae): [Sp nov, [male] + [female] Marua, Cameroons, Thalassius albiabundans (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius albopunctatus, Thalassius albopunctatus (Araneae)., Thalassius auratus, Thalassius auratus (Araneae)., Thalassius biseriatus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius bulcobensis (Araneae)., Thalassius cataractus, Thalassius cataractus (Araneae)., Thalassius contactus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius cromei (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius fimbriatus, Thalassius fimbriatus (Araneae)., Thalassius formosus (Araneae)., Thalassius fulvus, Thalassius fulvus (Araneae)., Thalassius gaerdesi (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius gressorius (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius guineensis, Thalassius guineensis (Araneae)., Thalassius guineensis annulatus (Araneae)., Thalassius harpago (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius inornatus, Thalassius inornatus (Araneae)., Thalassius insignis, Thalassius insignis (Araneae)., Thalassius insignis, p. 309 fig., Thalassius insulanus, p. 338 fig.,, Thalassius insulanus, Thalassius insulanus (Araneae)., Thalassius jaundeus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius kastneri (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius kazibius (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius kolosvaryi, Thalassius kolosvaryi (Araneae)., Thalassius kolosvaryi, p. 345 figs., Thalassius leonensis, p. 322 fig.,, Thalassius lanceolatus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius lanceolatus, sp. nov., [female] Jaunde, Cameroons p. 313, Thalassius leonensis, Thalassius leonensis (Araneae)., Thalassius maculatipes (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius majungensis, Thalassius majungensis (Araneae)., Thalassius majungensis, p. 328 fig., Thalassius margaritatus, p. 333, Thalassius malitiosus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius marfieldi (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius margaritatus, Thalassius margaritatus (Araneae)., Thalassius maruanus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius mossambicus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius mubaleus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius multimaculatus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius parallelus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius poecilis (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius preussi (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius regalis, Thalassius regalis (Araneae)., Thalassius rossii, Thalassius rossii (Araneae)., Thalassius ruwenzoricus, Thalassius ruwenzoricus (Araneae)., Thalassius ruwenzoricus, p. 342 figs., Thalassius schubotzi, p. 343, Thalassius schubotzi, Thalassius schubotzi (Araneae)., Thalassius signatus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius spenceri, Thalassius spenceri (Araneae)., Thalassius straeleni (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius straeleni, sp. nov., [female] Upemba, Belgian Congo p. 292, Thalassius trifasciatus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius tuckeri, Thalassius tuckeri (Araneae)., Thalassius umbrosus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius unicolor, Thalassius unicolor (Araneae)., Thalassius upembanus (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Thalassius wittei (Araneae): [Sp nov]., to gen., Tapinothele vittipes, Caporiacco, p. 395]., Togoland, type, type species, Tapinothele concolor, Caporiacco 1947, p. 393 added, type species, Thalassiopsis vachoni, sp. nov., [male] Maroantsetra,, type species, Voraptipus agilis, sp. nov., [female] Tete,, Upemba Park, Belgian Congo p. 179 figs., Tetragonophthalma wittei, sp., Upemba, Belgian Congo p. 299 figs., Thalassius poecilis, sp. nov.,, Voraptipus (Araneae): [Gen nov, [Pisauridae: Thaumasiinae] defined p., Voraptipus agilis (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Voraptus, Voraptus affinis (Araneae)., Voraptus affinis [Zoology / / p. 406 fig, Voraptus exilipes, Voraptus exilipes (Araneae)., Voraptus extensus, Voraptus extensus (Araneae)., Voraptus extensus [Zoology / / ]., wuhlischi, sp. nov., [male] Gobadis, Southwest Africa p. 140 figs.,, zuluana, sp. nov., [female] Ulundi, Zululand p. 63 figs., Agelena, Zululand},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR09200001161},
	author = {Roewer, C. F.}
}
@article {345,
	title = {New species of spider family (Pholcidae, Clubionidae, Agelenidae) from the Lazovsky State Reserve},
	journal = {Zoologicheskii Zhurnal},
	volume = {62},
	year = {1983},
	note = {ZOOR12000010225},
	month = {1983},
	pages = {627-629},
	keywords = {Agelena silvatica, Agelena silvatica (Araneae): [Sp nov, Russia, P. 628, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Eurasia, Land zones, Lazov Nature Reserve, Micaria violens, Micaria violens (Araneae): [Sp nov, Russia, P. 628, fig{\textquoteright}d]., New species]., New taxa, Nomenclature, Palaearctic region, Pholcus phungiformes (Araneae): [Sp nov, Russia, P. 627, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Pholcus phungiformes [Russia / /, Systematics},
	isbn = {0044-5134},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR12000010225},
	author = {Oliger, T. I.}
}
@article {334,
	title = {Spiders from Nepal. 1. Two new species of the genus Agelena (Araneae: Agelenidae) from the Khumbu area},
	journal = {Acta Arachnologica},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1980},
	note = {ZOOR11700018378},
	month = {1980},
	pages = {73-81},
	abstract = {New agelenid spiders described from the area south of Namche Bazar in the Solukhumbu District, East Nepal, are A. lukla and A. sherpa.},
	keywords = {Agelena lukla, Agelena lukla (Araneae): [Sp nov, Nepal, P. 74, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Agelena sherpa (Araneae): [Sp nov, Nepal, P. 77, fig{\textquoteright}d]., Agelena sherpa [Nepal / / Solukhumbu district, Asia, Eurasia, Land zones, New, New taxa, Nomenclature, Oriental region, species]., Systematics},
	isbn = {0001-5202},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700018378},
	author = {Nishikawa, Y.}
}
@book {279,
	title = {British Spiders 2},
	series = {British Spiders 2.},
	year = {1953},
	note = {ZOOR09000001081Book
London
},
	month = {1953},
	pages = {pp. viii + 449},
	publisher = {(Ray Society)},
	organization = {(Ray Society)},
	keywords = {102 figs, 110 fig, 119 figs, 139 fig]., 155 figs]., 189 figs, 199 figs]., 20 figs]., 212 figs, 215 figs, 223 figs]., 225 figs, 23 figs]., 237 figs]., 244 figs]., 246 figs, 251 figs, 253 figs, 258 figs]., 285 figs, 289 figs]., 295 figs]., 298 figs]., 305 figs]., 31 figs]., 313 figs]., 353 figs, 357 figs, 360 figs, 376 figs, 383 figs, Acartauchenius scurrilis, Acartauchenius scurrilis (Araneae)., Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Agyneta, Agyneta cauta (Araneae)., Agyneta cauta [Zoology / / p. 341 figs, Agyneta conigera, Agyneta conigera (Araneae)., Agyneta decora, Agyneta decora (Araneae)., Agyneta ramosa, Agyneta ramosa (Araneae)., Agyneta subtilis, Agyneta subtilis (Araneae)., alsine, Amaurobius atropos (Araneae)., Amaurobius atropos [Zoology / / p. 19 figs, Amaurobius terrestris, Amaurobius terrestris (Araneae)., Anacotyle stativa (Araneae)., Anacotyle stativa [Zoology / / p. 260 figs]., angulatus, Antistea elegans (Araneae)., Antistea elegans [Zoology / / p. 26 figs]., Araeoncus crassiceps (Araneae)., Araeoncus crassiceps [Zoology / / p. 298 figs, Araeoncus humilis, Araeoncus humilis (Araneae)., Aran]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Zoology / / Keys to British genera and species of Agelenidae, Araneus, Araneus adiantus (Araneae)., Araneus adiantus [Zoology / / p. 141 figs, Araneus alpicus, Araneus alpicus (Araneae)., Araneus alsine, Araneus alsine (Araneae)., Araneus angulatus, Araneus angulatus (Araneae)., Araneus bituberculatus, Araneus bituberculatus (Araneae)., Araneus ceropegius, Araneus ceropegius (Araneae)., Araneus cornutus, Araneus cornutus (Araneae)., Araneus cucur bitinus, Araneus cucur bitinus (Araneae)., Araneus cucurbitinus var., Araneus cucurbitinus var. opistographus, Araneus cucurbitinus var. opistographus (Araneae)., Araneus diadematus, Araneus diadematus (Araneae)., Araneus displicatus var. westringi, Araneus displicatus var. westringi (Araneae)., Araneus gibbosus, Araneus gibbosus (Araneae)., Araneus inconspicuus, Araneus inconspicuus (Araneae)., Araneus marmoreus, Araneus marmoreus (Araneae)., Araneus marmoreus var. pyramidatus, Araneus marmoreus var. pyramidatus (Araneae)., Araneus patagiatus, Araneus patagiatus (Araneae)., Araneus quadratus, Araneus quadratus (Araneae)., Araneus redii, Araneus redii (Araneae)., Araneus sclopetarius, Araneus sclopetarius (Araneae)., Araneus sturmi, Araneus sturmi (Araneae)., Araneus triguttatus, Araneus triguttatus (Araneae)., Araneus umbraticus, Araneus umbraticus (Araneae)., Argiope bruennichi (Araneae)., Argiope bruennichi [Zoology / / 168 fig]., Argiopidae and, Argyroneta aquatica (Araneae)., Argyroneta aquatica [Zoology / / p. 6 figs]., Arthropoda (Animalia)., Arthropoda [Zoology / / Arachnida, Asagena phalerata (Araneae)., Asagena phalerata [Zoology / / p. 54 fig]., Asthenargus paganus (Araneae)., Asthenargus paganus [Zoology / / p. 301 figs]., Aulacocyba subitanea (Araneae)., Aulacocyba subitanea [Zoology / / p. 270 figs]., Baryphyma pratensis (Araneae)., Baryphyma pratensis [Zoology / / p. 229 figs]., Bathyphantes, Bathyphantes approximatus (Araneae)., Bathyphantes approximatus [Zoology / / p. 366 figs, Bathyphantes concolor, Bathyphantes concolor (Araneae)., Bathyphantes dorsalis, Bathyphantes dorsalis (Araneae)., Bathyphantes gracilis, Bathyphantes gracilis (Araneae)., Bathyphantes nigrinus, Bathyphantes nigrinus (Araneae)., Bathyphantes parvulus (Araneae)., Bathyphantes pullatus, Bathyphantes pullatus (Araneae)., Bathyphantes setiger, Bathyphantes setiger (Araneae)., Biology, blackwlli, Bolyphantes, Bolyphantes alticeps (Araneae)., Bolyphantes alticeps [Zoology / / p. 378 figs, Bolyphantes luteolus, Bolyphantes luteolus (Araneae)., Bolyphantes luteolus sub nigripes, Bolyphantes luteolus sub nigripes (Araneae)., Caledonia evansi (Araneae)., Caledonia evansi [Zoology / / p. 303 figs]., Cambridgeshire p. 419 figs.]., carri, Centromerita bicolor (Araneae)., Centromerita bicolor [Zoology / / p. 357 figs, Centromerita concinna, Centromerita concinna (Araneae)., Centromerus arcanus (Araneae)., Centromerus arcanus [Zoology / / p. 351 figs, Centromerus dilutus, Centromerus dilutus (Araneae)., Centromerus expertus, Centromerus expertus (Araneae)., Centromerus incilium, Centromerus incilium (Araneae)., Centromerus incultus, Centromerus incultus (Araneae)., Centromerus jacksoni, Centromerus jacksoni (Araneae)., Centromerus laevitarsis, Centromerus laevitarsis (Araneae)., Centromerus persimilis, Centromerus persimilis (Araneae)., Centromerus prudens, Centromerus prudens (Araneae)., Centromerus subacutus, Centromerus subacutus (Araneae)., Centromerus sylvaticus, Centromerus sylvaticus (Araneae)., Ceratinella brevipes (Araneae)., Ceratinella brevipes [Zoology / / p. 188 figs, Ceratinella brevis, Ceratinella brevis (Araneae)., Ceratinella scabrosa, Ceratinella scabrosa (Araneae)., Cicurina cicur (Araneae)., Cicurina cicur [Zoology / / p. 21 figs]., Clubiona rosserae (Araneae): [Sp nov, [female]+[male] Chippenham Fen,, Cnephalocotes obscurus (Araneae)., Cnephalocotes obscurus [Zoology / / p. 255, Collinsia distincta (Araneae)., Collinsia distincta [Zoology / / p. 305 figs, Collinsia holm greni, Collinsia holm greni (Araneae)., concolor, Cornicularia, Cornicularia cuspidata (Araneae)., Cornicularia cuspidata [Zoology / / p. 207 figs, Cornicularia karpinskii, Cornicularia karpinskii (Araneae)., Cornicularia kochi, Cornicularia kochi (Araneae)., Cornicularia unicornis, Cornicularia unicornis (Araneae)., Cornicularia vigilax, Cornicularia vigilax (Araneae)., cristatus, Crustulina guttata (Araneae)., Crustulina guttata [Zoology / / p. 51 figs, Cryphoeca silvicola (Araneae)., Cryphoeca silvicola [Zoology / / p. 22 figs]., Cyclosa conica, Cyclosa conica (Araneae)., Dicymbium libiale, Dicymbium libiale (Araneae)., Dicymbium nigrum (Araneae)., Dicymbium nigrum [Zoology / / p. 209 figs, Diplocentria bidentata, Diplocentria bidentata (Araneae)., Diplocephalus, Diplocephalus adjacens (Araneae)., Diplocephalus adjacens [Zoology / / p. 294 figs, Diplocephalus cristatus, Diplocephalus cristatus (Araneae)., Diplocephalus jacksoni, Diplocephalus jacksoni (Araneae)., Diplocephalus latifrons, Diplocephalus latifrons (Araneae)., Diplocephalus permixtus, Diplocephalus permixtus (Araneae)., Diplocephalus picinus, Diplocephalus picinus (Araneae)., Diplocephalus protuberant, Diplocephalus protuberant (Araneae)., Dipoena coracina (Araneae)., Dipoena coracina [Zoology / / p. 48 figs, Dipoena erythropus, Dipoena erythropus (Araneae)., Dipoena inornata, Dipoena inornata (Araneae)., Dipoena melanogaster, Dipoena melanogaster (Araneae)., Dipoena prona, Dipoena prona (Araneae)., Dipoena torva, Dipoena torva (Araneae)., Dipoena trislis, Dipoena trislis (Araneae)., Dismodicus bifrons (Araneae)., Dismodicus bifrons [Zoology / / p. 221 figs, Dismodicus elevatus, Dismodicus elevatus (Araneae)., Donacochara speciosa (Araneae)., Donacochara speciosa [Zoology / / p. 318 figs]., dorsalis, Drapetisca socialis (Araneae)., Drapetisca socialis [Zoology / / p. 371 figs]., Drassodes sorenseni (Araneae)., Drassodes sorenseni [Zoology / / p. 406 fig]., Drepanotylus uncatus, Drepanotylus uncatus (Araneae)., Eboria caliginosa (Araneae)., Eboria caliginosa [Zoology / / p. 317 figs, Eboria fausta, Eboria fausta (Araneae)., Enoplognatha, Enoplognatha mandibularis (Araneae)., Enoplognatha mandibularis [Zoology / / p. 85 figs, Enoplognatha schaufussi, Enoplognatha schaufussi (Araneae)., Enoplognatha thoracica, Enoplognatha thoracica (Araneae)., Entelecara acuminata (Araneae)., Entelecara acuminata [Zoology / / p. 212 figs, Entelecara errata, Entelecara errata (Araneae)., Entelecara erythropus, Entelecara erythropus (Araneae)., Entelecara flavipes, Entelecara flavipes (Araneae)., Entelecara omissa, Entelecara omissa (Araneae)., Eothorax agrestis (Araneae)., Eothorax agrestis [Zoology / / p. 241 figs, Eothorax apicatus, Eothorax fuscus, Eothorax gibbosus, Eothorax retusus, Eothorax tuberosus, Episinus angulatus (Araneae)., Episinus angulatus [Zoology / / p. 41 figs, Episinus truncalus, Episinus truncalus (Araneae)., ericatus, Erigona, Erigona arctica (Araneae)., Erigona arctica [Zoology / / p. 311 figs, Erigona atra, Erigona capra, Erigona dentipalpis, Erigona promiscua, Erigona vagans, Erigona welchi, Erigonella hiemalis (Araneae)., Erigonella hiemalis [Zoology / / p. 288 figs, Erigonella ignobilis, Erigonella ignobilis (Araneae)., Erigonidium graminicola, Erigonidium graminicola (Araneae)., Ero, Ero cambridgei (Araneae)., Ero cambridgei [Zoology / / p. 32 figs, Ero furcata, Ero furcata (Araneae)., Ero tuberculata, Ero tuberculata (Araneae)., Euophrys molesta, Euophrys molesta (Araneae)., Euryopis flavomaculata (Araneae)., Euryopis flavomaculata [Zoology / / p. 44 fig]., Evansia merens (Araneae)., Evansia merens [Zoology / / p. 261 figs]., fig, fig]., figs, figs]., flavipes, Floronia bucculenta (Araneae)., Floronia bucculenta [Zoology / / p. 373 figs]., fugax, furcata, fuscipes, G. serratus, G. sticta, General Literature, gibbosus, Glyphesis cottonae (Araneae)., Glyphesis cottonae [Zoology / / p. 287 figs]., Gnathonarium dentatum (Araneae)., Gnathonarium dentatum [Zoology / / p. 217, Gonatium rubellum (Araneae)., Gonatium rubellum [Zoology / / p. 231 figs, Gonatium rubens, Gonatium rubens (Araneae)., Gongylidiellum, Gongylidiellum latebricola (Araneae)., Gongylidiellum latebricola [Zoology / / p. 281 figs, Gongylidiellum murcidum, Gongylidiellum murcidum (Araneae)., Gongylidiellum vivum, Gongylidiellum vivum (Araneae)., Gongylidium rufipes (Araneae)., Gongylidium rufipes [Zoology / / p. 221 figs]., gracilis, Hahnia Candida (Araneae)., Hahnia Candida [Zoology / / p. 29 figs, Hahnia helveola, Hahnia montana, Hahnia nava, Hahnia pusilla, Halorates reprobus (Araneae)., Halorates reprobus [Zoology / / p. 325 figs]., Helophora insignis (Araneae)., Helophora insignis [Zoology / / p. 395 figs]., Hilaira, Hilaira excisa (Araneae)., Hilaira excisa [Zoology / / p. 321 figs, Hilaira frigida, Hilaira frigida (Araneae)., Hilaira nubigena, Hilaira nubigena (Araneae)., Hilaira pervicax, Hilaira pervicax (Araneae)., Hillhousia misera (Araneae)., Hillhousia misera [Zoology / / p. 327 figs]., Hybocoplus decollatus, Hybocoplus decollatus (Araneae)., Hypomma biluberculatum (Araneae)., Hypomma biluberculatum [Zoology / / p. 223 figs, Hypomma cornutum, Hypomma cornutum (Araneae)., Hypomma fulvum, Hypomma fulvum (Araneae)., Hypselisles florens (Araneae)., Hypselisles florens [Zoology / / p. 237 figs, Hypselisles jacksoni, impressum, Insecta, Jacksonella falconeri (Araneae)., Jacksonella falconeri [Zoology / / p. 280 figs]., karpinskii, Labulla thoracica, Labulla thoracica (Araneae)., Land zones, latifrons, Lepthyphantes, Lepthyphantes alacris (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes alacris [Zoology / / p. 383 figs, Lepthyphantes angulatus, Lepthyphantes angulatus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes audax, Lepthyphantes audax (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes carri, Lepthyphantes carri (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes cristatus, Lepthyphantes cristatus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes ericatus, Lepthyphantes ericatus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes expunctatus, Lepthyphantes expunctatus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes flavipes, Lepthyphantes flavipes (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes insignis, Lepthyphantes insignis (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes leprosus, Lepthyphantes leprosus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes mengei, Lepthyphantes mengei (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes minutus, Lepthyphantes minutus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes nebulosus, Lepthyphantes nebulosus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes obscurus, Lepthyphantes obscurus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes pallidus, Lepthyphantes pallidus (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes pinicola, Lepthyphantes pinicola (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes tenebricola (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes tennis, Lepthyphantes tennis (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes whymperi, Lepthyphantes whymperi (Araneae)., Lepthyphantes zimmermanni, Lepthyphantes zimmermanni (Araneae)., Leptorhoptrum robustum (Araneae)., Leptorhoptrum robustum [Zoology / / p. 320 figs]., Lessertia dentichelis, Lessertia dentichelis (Araneae)., Linyphia, Linyphia clathrala (Araneae)., Linyphia clathrala [Zoology / / p. 399 figs, Linyphia furtiva, Linyphia furtiva (Araneae)., Linyphia horlensis, Linyphia horlensis (Araneae)., Linyphia impigra, Linyphia impigra (Araneae)., Linyphia marginata, Linyphia marginata (Araneae)., Linyphia montana, Linyphia montana (Araneae)., Linyphia peltata, Linyphia peltata (Araneae)., Linyphia pusilla, Linyphia pusilla (Araneae)., Linyphia triangularis, Linyphia triangularis (Araneae)., Linyphiidae, Lithyphantes albomaculatus (Araneae)., Lithyphantes albomaculatus [Zoology / / p. 55 fig]., lividus, longipalpis, Lophocarenum, Lophocarenum elongatum (Araneae)., Lophocarenum elongatum [Zoology / / p. 247 fig, Lophocarenum nemorale, Lophocarenum nemorale (Araneae)., Lophocarenum parallelump, Lophocarenum parallelump (Araneae)., Lophocarenum radicicola, Lophocarenum radicicola (Araneae)., Lophocarenum stramineum, Lophocarenum stramineum (Araneae)., Lophomma punctatum (Araneae)., Lophomma punctatum [Zoology / / p. 277 figs]., luteolus, Lycosa paludicola (Araneae)., Lycosa paludicola [Zoology / / p. 415 fig]., Macrargus, Macrargus rufus (Araneae)., Macrargus rufus [Zoology / / p. 363 figs, Macrargus rufus carpenteri, Macrargus rufus carpenteri (Araneae)., macrophthalmus, Mangora acalypha (Araneae)., Mangora acalypha [Zoology / / p. 166 fig]., marmoreus, marmoreus var. pyramidatus, Maro minutus (Araneae)., Maro minutus [Zoology / / p. 348 figs, Maro sublestus, Maro sublestus (Araneae)., Maso gallica (Araneae)., Maso gallica [Zoology / / p. 233 figs, Maso sundevalli, Maso sundevalli (Araneae)., Mecopisthes pusillus (Araneae)., Mecopisthes pusillus [Zoology / / p. 253 figs]., Meioneta, Meioneta beata (Araneae)., Meioneta beata [Zoology / / p. 345 figs, Meioneta gulosa, Meioneta gulosa (Araneae)., Meioneta mollis, Meioneta mollis (Araneae)., Meioneta nigripes, Meioneta nigripes (Araneae)., Meioneta rurestris, Meioneta rurestris (Araneae)., Meioneta saxatilis, Meioneta saxatilis (Araneae)., melanocephala, Mengea scopigera (Araneae)., Mengea scopigera [Zoology / / p. 403 figs, Mengea warburkmi, mengei, merianae, Meta, Meta bourneti (Araneae)., Meta bourneti [Zoology / / p. 119 figs, Meta menardig, Meta menardig (Araneae)., Meta merianae, Meta merianae (Araneae)., Meta segmenlata, Meta segmenlata mengei, Meta segmenlata mengei (Araneae)., Meta segmentata, Meta segmentata (Araneae)., Metapobaclrus prominulus (Araneae)., Metapobaclrus prominulus [Zoology / / p. 227, Micaria silesiaca (Araneae)., Micaria silesiaca [Zoology / / p. 409 fig, Micaria subopaca, Micraryus herbigradus (Araneae)., Micraryus herbigradus [Zoology / / p. 283 figs, Micraryus laudatus, Micraryus subaequalis, Micronda viaria (Araneae)., Micronda viaria [Zoology / / p. 347 figs]., Mimetidae, Minyrioloides trifrons (Araneae)., Minyrioloides trifrons [Zoology / / p. 231 figs]., Minyriolus pusillus (Araneae)., Minyriolus pusillus [Zoology / / p. 266 figs]., Mioxena blanda (Araneae)., Mioxena blanda [Zoology / / p. 278 figs]., Moebelia penicillata (Araneae)., Moebelia penicillata [Zoology / / p. 215 figs]., Monocephalus, Monocephalus castaneipes (Araneae)., Monocephalus castaneipes [Zoology / / p. 275 figs, Monocephalus fuscipes, Monocephalus fuscipes (Araneae)., murcidum, Nesticidae, Nesticus cellulanus (Araneae)., Nesticus cellulanus [Zoology / / p. 92 fig]., New taxa, Nomenclature, Notioscopus sarcinatus (Araneae)., Notioscopus sarcinatus [Zoology / / p. 285 figs]., obscurus, Oercidia prominens (Araneae)., Oercidia prominens [Zoology / / p. 159 fig]., opistographus, Oreonetides, Oreonetides abnormis (Araneae)., Oreonetides abnormis [Zoology / / p. 360 figs, Oreonetides firmus, Oreonetides firmus (Araneae)., Oreonetides vaginatus, Oreonetides vaginatus (Araneae)., Ostearius melanopygius (Araneae)., Ostearius melanopygius [Zoology / / p. 326 figs]., p. 10, p. 102 figs]., P. 104, p. 104 figs, p. 11 figs, p. 110 figs]., p. 115 figs, p. 117 figs, p. 117 figs]., p. 123 figs, p. 124 figs, p. 127 figs, p. 130 figs, p. 132 figs, p. 133 figs, p. 134 figs, p. 136 figs, p. 138 figs, p. 139 figs, p. 141 figs, p. 143 figs, p. 144 figs, p. 145 fig, p. 146 figs, p. 149, p. 149 figs, p. 15 figs, p. 155 figs, p. 157 figs, p. 159 figs]., p. 16 figs, p. 16 figs]., p. 163, p. 190 figs]., p. 195 figs, p. 196 figs, p. 197 figs, p. 197 figs]., p. 201 fig, p. 201 figs]., p. 204 figs, p. 206 figs, p. 207 figs, p. 207 figs]., p. 209, p. 212 figs, p. 213 figs]., p. 225 figs]., p. 229, p. 232 figs]., p. 239 figs, p. 239 figs]., p. 240 figs, p. 241, p. 241 figs, p. 247 figs, p. 247 figs]., p. 250 figs, p. 252 figs]., p. 261 figs]., p. 264 figs]., p. 266 figs]., p. 267, p. 268 figs, p. 271 figs]., p. 273 figs]., p. 28 figs, p. 281 figs]., p. 283 figs, p. 283 figs]., p. 291 figs, p. 293, p. 293 figs, p. 295 fig, p. 295 figs, p. 30 figs, p. 309 figs, p. 31 figs, p. 310 figs, p. 311 figs, p. 313 figs, p. 317, p. 323 figs, p. 325 figs]., p. 329 figs, p. 330, p. 332 figs, p. 332 figs]., p. 333 figs, p. 334 figs, p. 335 figs, p. 339 figs, p. 339 figs]., p. 34 figs, p. 341 figs, p. 343 figs, p. 345 figs, p. 345 figs]., p. 346 fig, p. 349 figs]., p. 35 figs]., p. 351 figs, p. 353 figs, p. 355 fig, p. 355 figs, p. 357 figs, p. 358 figs]., p. 360 figs]., p. 363 figs, p. 363 figs]., p. 364 figs, p. 366 figs, p. 368 figs, p. 369 figs]., p. 377]., p. 381 figs, p. 382 figs, p. 383 figs, p. 384 figs, p. 385 figs, p. 386, p. 386 figs, p. 388, p. 388 figs, p. 391 figs, p. 392, p. 392 figs, p. 394 figs, p. 397 figs, p. 397 figs]., p. 399 figs, p. 400 figs, p. 401 figs, p. 402, p. 403 figs, p. 404, p. 410, p. 44, p. 46, p. 46 figs, p. 47 figs, p. 48 figs]., p. 50 figs, p. 51 figs, p. 53 figs]., p. 59 figs]., p. 61 figs, p. 62 figs, p. 63, p. 63 figs, p. 66 figs, p. 67 figs, p. 68, p. 68 figs, p. 70 figs, p. 71 figs, p. 72, p. 73, p. 75 figs, p. 76, p. 77 figs, p. 79, p. 80 figs, p. 81 figs, p. 83 figs, p. 83 figs]., p. 86 figs, p. 87 figs, p. 89, p. 89 fig]., Pachygnatha clercki (Araneae)., Pachygnatha clercki [Zoology / / p. 106 figs, Pachygnatha degeeri, Pachygnatha listen, pagana, pallens, Panamomops sulcifrons (Araneae)., Panamomops sulcifrons [Zoology / / p. 300 figs]., parallelump, parasilicus, parvulus, peltata, Peponocranium ludicrum (Araneae)., Peponocranium ludicrum [Zoology / / p. 234 figs]., Perimones britteni (Araneae)., Perimones britteni [Zoology / / p. 271 figs]., pervicax, Phaulothrix hardyi (Araneae)., Phaulothrix hardyi [Zoology / / p. 321 figs]., Pholcomma gibbum (Araneae)., Pholcomma gibbum [Zoology / / p. 89 fig]., Pirata uliginosus (Araneae)., Pirata uliginosus [Zoology / / p. 416 fig]., Pocadicnemis pumila (Araneae)., Pocadicnemis pumila [Zoology / / p. 235 figs]., Poeciloneta globosa (Araneae)., Poeciloneta globosa [Zoology / / p. 369 figs]., Porrhomma campbeli (Araneae)., Porrhomma campbeli [Zoology / / p. 333 figs, Porrhomma convexum, Porrhomma convexum (Araneae)., Porrhomma egeria, Porrhomma egeria (Araneae)., Porrhomma errans, Porrhomma errans (Araneae)., Porrhomma microphthalmum, Porrhomma microphthalmum (Araneae)., Porrhomma montanum, Porrhomma montanum (Araneae)., Porrhomma oblitum, Porrhomma oblitum (Araneae)., Porrhomma pallidum, Porrhomma pallidum (Araneae)., Porrhomma pygmaeum, Porrhomma pygmaeum (Araneae)., Porrhomma rosenliaueri, Porrhomma rosenliaueri (Araneae)., Prosopotheca corniculans (Araneae)., Prosopotheca corniculans [Zoology / / p. 201 figs, Prosopotheca incisa, Prosopotheca incisa (Araneae)., Prosopotheca monoceros, Prosopotheca monoceros (Araneae)., protuberant, pusilla, radicicola, redii, Rhaebothorax morulus (Araneae)., Rhaebothorax morulus [Zoology / / p. 315 figs]., Robertus, Robertus arundineti (Araneae)., Robertus arundineti [Zoology / / p. 87 figs, Robertus insignia, Robertus insignia (Araneae)., Robertus lividus, Robertus lividus (Araneae)., Robertus negleclus, Robertus negleclus (Araneae)., Robertus scoticus, Robertus scoticus (Araneae)., rufus carpenteri, rurestris, Saloca diceros (Araneae)., Saloca diceros [Zoology / / p. 279 figs]., Savignia frontata (Araneae)., Savignia frontata [Zoology / / p. 289 figs]., saxatile, saxatilis, schaufussi, Scotargus inerrans (Araneae)., Scotargus inerrans [Zoology / / p. 307 figs]., Scotina palliardi (Araneae)., Scotina palliardi [Zoology / / p. 410 figs]., segmentata, setiger, Silometopus ambiguus (Araneae)., Silometopus ambiguus [Zoology / / p. 251 figs, Silometopus curtus, Silometopus curtus (Araneae)., Silometopus elegans, Silometopus elegans (Araneae)., Silometopus incurvatus, Silometopus incurvatus (Araneae)., Silometopus interjectus, Silometopus interjectus (Araneae)., silvestris, Singa albovittata (Araneae)., Singa albovittata [Zoology / / p. 154 figs, Singa hamata, Singa hamata (Araneae)., Singa heri, Singa heri (Araneae)., Singa pygmaea, Singa pygmaea (Araneae)., Singa sanguinea, Singa sanguinea (Araneae)., Siniula cornigera (Araneae)., Siniula cornigera [Zoology / / p. 359 figs]., Spiders] [Palaearctic region / / Great Britain, Steatoda bipunctata (Araneae)., Steatoda bipunctata [Zoology / / p. 56 fig]., Stemonyphantes lineatus (Araneae)., Stemonyphantes lineatus [Zoology / / p. 376 figs]., stroemi, Styloctetor romanus (Araneae)., Styloctetor romanus [Zoology / / p. 258 figs]., subtilis, Syedra gracilis, Syedra gracilis (Araneae)., Syedrula innotabilis (Araneae)., Syedrula innotabilis [Zoology / / p. 337 figs]., Systematics, Tapinocyba, Tapinocyba antepcnultima (Araneae)., Tapinocyba antepcnultima [Zoology / / p. 268 figs, Tapinocyba insecta, Tapinocyba insecta (Araneae)., Tapinocyba milis, Tapinocyba milis (Araneae)., Tapinocyba pallens, Tapinocyba pallens (Araneae)., Tapinocyba praecox, Tapinocyba praecox (Araneae)., Tapinopa longidens (Araneae)., Tapinopa longidens [Zoology / / p. 372 figs]., Taranucnus setosus (Araneae)., Taranucnus setosus [Zoology / / p. 375 figs]., Tegenaria, Tegenaria agreslis (Araneae)., Tegenaria agreslis [Zoology / / p. 13 figs, Tegenaria atrica, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria domestica, Tegenaria domestica (Araneae)., Tegenaria larva, Tegenaria larva (Araneae)., Tegenaria pagana, Tegenaria pagana (Araneae)., Tegenaria parietina, Tegenaria parietina (Araneae)., Tegenaria silvestris, Tegenaria silvestris (Araneae)., tenebricola, Tetragnatha extensa (Araneae)., Tetragnatha extensa [Zoology / / p. 100 figs, Tetragnatha monlana, Tetragnatha monlana (Araneae)., Tetragnatha nigrita, Tetragnatha nigrita (Araneae)., Tetragnatha obtusa, Tetragnatha obtusa (Araneae)., Tetragnatha pinicola, Tetragnatha pinicola (Araneae)., Tetragnathidae, Tetrilus, Tetrilus arietinus (Araneae)., Tetrilus arietinus [Zoology / / p. 24 fig, Tetrilus macrophthalmus, Tetrilus macrophthalmus (Araneae)., Teutana grossa (Araneae)., Teutana grossa [Zoology / / p. 58 fig]., Texlrix denticulaki (Araneae)., Texlrix denticulaki [Zoology / / p. 7 figs]., Text-books, Thanatus striatus (Araneae)., Thanatus striatus [Zoology / / p. 414 figs]., Thenoe minutissima (Araneae)., Thenoe minutissima [Zoology / / p. 90 fig]., Theridiidae, Theridion, Theridion aulicum (Araneae)., Theridion aulicum [Zoology / / p. 61 fig, Theridion bellicosum, Theridion bellicosum (Araneae)., Theridion bimaculatum, Theridion bimaculatum (Araneae)., Theridion blackwlli, Theridion blackwlli (Araneae)., Theridion denticulatum, Theridion denticulatum (Araneae)., Theridion familiure, Theridion familiure (Araneae)., Theridion impressum, Theridion impressum (Araneae)., Theridion instabile, Theridion instabile (Araneae)., Theridion lunatum, Theridion lunatum (Araneae)., Theridion ovatum, Theridion ovatum (Araneae)., Theridion pallens, Theridion pallens (Araneae)., Theridion pictum, Theridion pictum (Araneae)., Theridion pulchellum, Theridion pulchellum (Araneae)., Theridion saxatile, Theridion saxatile (Araneae)., Theridion simile, Theridion simile (Araneae)., Theridion sisyphium, Theridion sisyphium (Araneae)., Theridion tepidariorum, Theridion tepidariorum (Araneae)., Theridion tinctum, Theridion tinctum (Araneae)., Theridion varians, Theridion varians (Araneae)., Theridion vittatum, Theridion vittatum (Araneae)., Theridiosoma gemmosum (Araneae)., Theridiosoma gemmosum [Zoology / / p. 170 figs]., Thyreosthenins, Thyreosthenins biovatus (Araneae)., Thyreosthenins biovatus [Zoology / / p. 273 figs, Tigellinus furcillalus (Araneae)., Tigellinus furcillalus [Zoology / / p. 204 figs]., tirolensis, Tiso aestivus (Araneae)., Tiso aestivus [Zoology / / p. 264 figs, Tiso vagans, Tiso vagans (Araneae)., Tmeticus affinis (Araneae)., Tmeticus affinis [Zoology / / p. 219 figs]., Trachynella nudipalpis (Araneae)., Trachynella nudipalpis [Zoology / / p. 199 figs, Trachynella obtusa, Trachynella obtusa (Araneae)., triangularis, Trichoncus affinis (Araneae)., Trichoncus affinis [Zoology / / p. 258 figs, Trichoncus saxicola, Trichoncus saxicola (Araneae)., Trichopterna mengei (Araneae)., Trichopterna mengei [Zoology / / p. 245 figs, Trichopterna thorelli, Trichopterna thorelli (Araneae)., triguttatus, Troxochrus cirrifrons (Araneae)., Troxochrus cirrifrons [Zoology / / p. 264 fig, Troxochrus scabricvius, Troxochrus scabricvius (Araneae)., tuberculata, Tuberia moerens (Araneae)., Tuberia moerens [Zoology / / p. 25 figs]., Typhocrestus digitalus (Araneae)., Typhocrestus digitalus [Zoology / / p. 304 figs]., unicornis, vaginatus, Walckenaera acuminata (Araneae)., Walckenaera acuminata [Zoology / / p. 191 figs]., Wideria, Wideria antica (Araneae)., Wideria antica [Zoology / / p. 194 figs, Wideria capito, Wideria capito (Araneae)., Wideria cucullata, Wideria cucullata (Araneae)., Wideria fugax, Wideria fugax (Araneae)., Wideria melanocephala, Wideria melanocephala (Araneae)., Wideria nodosa, Wideria nodosa (Araneae)., Wideria polita, Wideria polita (Araneae)., with check list of British species]., Xysticus acerbus (Araneae)., Xysticus acerbus [Zoology / / p. 413 fig]., Zelotes petrensis (Araneae)., Zelotes petrensis [Zoology / / p. 409 fig]., Zilla diodia (Araneae)., Zilla diodia [Zoology / / p. 151 fig]., zimmermanni, Zygiella, Zygiella atrica (Araneae)., Zygiella atrica [Zoology / / p. 163 figs, Zygiella stroemi, Zygiella stroemi (Araneae)., Zygiella x-notata, Zygiella xnotata (Araneae)., Zygiella xnotata [Zoology / / ].},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR09000001081},
	author = {Locket, G. H. and Millidge, A. F.}
}
@article {199,
	title = {Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 5. Faunistic review of the funnel-web spiders (Agelenidae) with the description of new genus and species},
	journal = {Arthropoda Selecta},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2005},
	note = {ZOOR14208050858},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {153-177},
	abstract = {<p>One new genus Azerithonica gen. n. and 14 new species from Azerbaijan are described: Agelescape caucasica sp. n. ([female]), A. dunini sp.n. ([male] [female]), A. levyi sp. n. ([male]), A. talyshica sp.n. ([female]), Azerithonica hyrcanica sp.n. ([male] [female], generotype), Malthonica lehtini sp. n. ([male]), M. lenkoranica sp. n. ([male] [female]), M. nakhchivanica sp. n. ([male] [female]), M. pseudolyncea sp. n. ([male] [female]), T. halidi sp. n. Tegenaria adomestica sp. n. ([male] [female]), T. ismaillensis sp. n. ([female]), T. halidi sp. n. ([male] [female] ), T. talyshica sp.n. ([female]) and T. zagatalensis sp.n. (S). The following new combinations have been established: Malthonica aliquoi (Brignoli, 1971) comb. n., M. anchela (Brignoli, 1972) comb. n., M. nulata (Kulczynski, 1912) comb. n., M. argaeica (Nosek, 1905) comb. n., M. campestris (C. L. Koch, 1834) comb. n., M. dalmatica (Kulczynski, 1906) comb. n., M. eleonorae (Brignoli, 1974) comb. n., M. epacris (Levy, 1996) comb. n., M. ferruginea (Pal 1804) comb. n., M. lyncea (Brignoli, 1978) comb. n. M. maronita (Simon, 1873) comb. n., M. mediterranea (Levy, 1996) comb. n., M. montana (Deltshev, 1993) comb. n., M. nemorosa (Simon, 1916) comb. n. M. pagana (C. L. Koch, 1840) comb. n., M. parvula (Thorell, 1875) comb. n., M. pasquinii (Brignoli, 1971), comb .n., M. pitta (Simon, 1870) comb. n., M. rilaensis (Deltshev, 1993) comb. n., M. sbordonii (Brignoli, 1971) comb. n., M. silvestris (L. Koch, 1872) comb n., M. soriculata (Simon, 1873) comb. n., M. tyrrhenica (Dalmas, 1922) comb. n., M. vallei (Brignoli, 1972) comb. n., M. vomeroi (Brignoli, 1977) comb. n., all ex Tegenaria. One species, Malthonica lyncea, is reported for the first time for the fauna of the former Soviet Union. In addition to new species three other species are illustrated: Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) ([male] ), Malthonica lyncea (Brignoli, 1978) ([male] [female]), Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757) ([male] [female]). Revised fauna of Azerbaijan encompass 19 species from 5 genera.</p>
},
	keywords = {Agelenidae, Aranei, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, funnel spiders, new combination, new genus, new records, new species},
	isbn = {0136-006X},
	url = {http://arthropodaselecta.britishspiders.org.uk/articles/14_2_153_177_guseinov_et_al.pdf},
	author = {Guseinov, Elchin F. and Marusik, Yuri M. and Koponen, Seppo}
}
@article {173,
	title = {Chinese spiders of the families Agelenidae, Pisauridae and Sparassidae},
	journal = {Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {Vol. 26},
	year = {1936},
	note = {ZOOR07300000741},
	month = {1936},
	pages = {pp. 121-128},
	keywords = {127 fig, Agelena difficilis (Araneae)., Agelena difficilis [Zoology / / p. 121 fig, Agelena injuria, Agelena injuria (Araneae)., Aran]., Arthropoda (Animalia)., Arthropoda [Palaearctic region / / Asia, Biology, China]., Dolomedes chinesus duoformus (Araneae): [Subsp nov, China p. 123 fig.]., fig, Heteropoda amphora (Araneae)., Heteropoda amphora [Zoology / / Heteropoda grahami, Heteropoda grahami, Heteropoda grahami (Araneae)., Heteropoda virgata, Heteropoda virgata (Araneae)., Heteropoda virgata [Zoology / / ]., Land zones, New taxa, Nomenclature, p. 122, p. 125 figs, spp. n, Systematics},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR07300000741},
	author = {Fox, J.}
}
@article {169,
	title = {The Araneida of Washington : Agelenidae and Hahniidae},
	journal = {University of Washington Publications in Biology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1938},
	note = {ZOOR07600000642},
	month = {1938},
	pages = {pp. 1-35},
	keywords = {(A.) potteri, (Agelena A.) utahana, (Hololena) curta, [Zoology / / ]., Agelena, Agelena (A.), Agelena (A.) arctuosa, Agelena (A.) arctuosa (Araneae)., Agelena (A.) oregonensis, Agelena (A.) oregonensis (Araneae)., Agelena (A.) pennsylvanica, Agelena (A.) pennsylvanica (Araneae)., Agelena (A.) potteri, Agelena (A.) potteri (Araneae)., Agelena (Araneae)., Agelena (H.) iniermedia, Agelena (H.) iniermedia (Araneae)., Agelena (Hololena) curta, Agelena (Hololena) curta (Araneae)., Agelena [Zoology / / key to spp. p. 26, Agelenidae (Araneae)., Agelenidae [Zoology / / Monograph with keys to genera and spp]., Aran]., Arthropoda (Animalia)., Arthropoda [Nearctic region / / United States, Biology, Blabomma grandis (Araneae)., Blabomma grandis [Zoology / / p. 19 figs]., bulbosus, Calymmaria, Calymmaria (Araneae)., Calymmaria [Zoology / / key to spp, Calymmaria emertoni, Calymmaria emertoni (Araneae)., Calymmaria nana, Calymmaria nana (Araneae)., Calymmaria quadrata, Calymmaria quadrata (Araneae)., Cicurina (Araneae)., Cicurina [Zoology / / key to spp, Cicurina idahoana, Cicurina idahoana (Araneae)., Cicurina intermedia, Cicurina intermedia (Araneae)., Cicurina pusilla, Cicurina pusilla (Araneae)., Cicurina simplex, Cicurina simplex (Araneae)., Cicurina tersa, Cicurina tersa (Araneae)., Cryphoeca peckhami (Araneae)., Cryphoeca peckhami [Zoology / / p. 18 figs]., Cybaeina minuta (Araneae)., Cybaeina minuta [Zoology / / p. 8]., Cybaeus, Cybaeus (Araneae)., Cybaeus [Zoology / / key to spp. p. 9, Cybaeus bulbosus, Cybaeus bulbosus (Araneae)., Cybaeus chaudius, Cybaeus chaudius (Araneae)., Cybaeus eutypus, Cybaeus eutypus (Araneae)., Cybaeus hatchi, Cybaeus hatchi (Araneae)., Cybaeus morosua, Cybaeus morosua (Araneae)., Cybaeus olympiae, Cybaeus olympiae (Araneae)., Cybaeus perditus, Cybaeus perditus (Araneae)., Cybaeus reliculatus, Cybaeus reliculatus (Araneae)., Cybaeus signifer, Cybaeus signifer (Araneae)., fig, fig]., figs, figs.]., Hahnia sanjuanensis (Araneae): [Sp nov, sp. n., U.S.A. p. 32 fig.]., Land zones, magnacava, Tegenaria derhami, p. 24 figs., Tegenaria gigantea, p. 25, Neoantistea, Neoantistea gosiuta (Araneae)., Neoantistea gosiuta [Zoology / / p. 33, Neoantistea riparia, Neoantistea riparia (Araneae)., New taxa, Nomenclature, p. 10, p. 11, p. 12, p. 13, p. 14]., p. 15, p. 16 figs, p. 17, p. 18]., p. 21, p. 22 figs, p. 23 fig]., p. 27, p. 28, p. 30 figs, p. 31 figs]., p. 34, p.. 29, pennsylvanica, quadrata, riparia, signifer, Systematics, Tegenaria derhami, Tegenaria derhami (Araneae)., Tegenaria gigantea, Tegenaria gigantea (Araneae)., Tegenaria lusitanica (Araneae): [Sp nov, T. key to spp. p. 23, Tegenaria, Tegenaria magnacava, Tegenaria magnacava (Araneae).},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR07600000642},
	author = {Exline, H.}
}
@article {103,
	title = {Agelenidae of the genera Hololena, Novalena, Rualena and Melpomene},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1942},
	note = {ZOOR07900024421},
	month = {1942},
	pages = {pp. 203-241},
	keywords = {205 figs, 206 fig, 210 figs, 225 figs., Novalena calavera, sp. nov., Riverton, California p. 230, 234 figs., Rualena magnacava, sp. nov., Mountain Springs, California p., 236 fig., 238, Agelena, Agelena (Araneae)., Agelena intermedia, Agelena intermedia (Araneae)., approximata, p. 226 fig., Novalena attenuata, p. 228, Novalena costata,, Aran] [Central America / / Aran]., Arizona p. 205 figs, Arizona p. 208 fig, Arthropoda (Animalia)., Arthropoda [Nearctic region / / United States, Aspen Valley, Big Sur, California p. 234 fig., Rualena alleni, sp. nov., San Nicholas, Biology, Boulder, California p. 210 figs, California p. 213, California p. 213 figs, California p. 214 fig, California p. 215 figs, California p. 216 fig, California p. 216 figs, California p. 218 fig, California p. 218 figs, California p. 220 fig, California p. 222 figs, California p. 233 fig., Rualena cruzana, sp. nov., Santa Cruz Id.,, California p. 233 figs., Rualena goleta, sp. nov., Goleta, California p., California p. 236 fig., Rualena cockerelli, sp. nov., San Miguel Id.,, Castro Valley, Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, Clear Lake, Colorado p., Corvallis, curia, El Volcan, fig, fig., figs, figs., Novalena pina, sp. nov., Echo Lake, California p. 220 fig.,, Friant, furcata, genotype, Agelena intermedia, p., genotype, Rualena surana, sp. nov.,, Hololena, Hololena (Araneae)., Hololena [Zoology / / gen. revised p. 201, Hololena adnexa, Hololena adnexa (Araneae)., Hololena aduma, Hololena aduma (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena altura, Hololena altura (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena atypica, Hololena atypica (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena barbarana, Hololena barbarana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena curia, Hololena curia (Araneae)., Hololena dana, Hololena dana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena frianta, Hololena frianta (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena furcata, Hololena furcata (Araneae)., Hololena hola, Hololena hola (Araneae)., Hololena hopi (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena lassena, Hololena lassena (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena madera, Hololena madera (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena mimoides, Hololena mimoides (Araneae)., Hololena monterea, Hololena monterea (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena nedra, Hololena nedra (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena nevada, Hololena nevada (Araneae)., Hololena oola, Hololena oola (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena oquirrhensis (Araneae)., Hololena pacifica, Hololena pacifica (Araneae)., Hololena parana, Hololena parana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena pearcei, Hololena pearcei (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena rabana, Hololena rabana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena santana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena septata, Hololena septata (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena sidella, Hololena sidella (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena sula, Hololena sula (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena tentativa, Hololena tentativa (Araneae)., Hololena tulareana, Hololena tulareana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Hololena turba, Hololena turba (Araneae): [Sp nov]., hopi, Id., California p. 236 fig., Rualena avila, sp. nov., San Luis Obispo,, Irvine, Laguna Beach, Land zones, lobata, M. panamana p. 241, Madera Canyon, marginata, p. 228, Novalena nova, p. 228, Novalena orizaba, p. 230,, Melpomene, Melpomene (Araneae)., Melpomene [Zoology / / gen. redescrib. p. 237, Melpomene bicavata, Melpomene bicavata (Araneae)., Melpomene chiricana, Melpomene chiricana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Melpomene coahuilana, Melpomene coahuilana (Araneae)., Melpomene elegans, Melpomene elegans (Araneae)., Melpomene plesia, Melpomene plesia (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Melpomene singula, Melpomene singula (Araneae)., Melpomene transversa, Melpomene transversa (Araneae)., Middle and Western, Monterey, Mt. Lassen Park, Neotropical, Nevada p. 222, New taxa, Nomenclature, notes p., nov, Novalena, Novalena (Araneae): [Gen nov, p. 224, Novalena annamae, Novalena annamae (Araneae)., Novalena approximata, Novalena approximata (Araneae)., Novalena attenuata, Novalena attenuata (Araneae)., Novalena calavera (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Novalena costata, Novalena costata (Araneae)., Novalena cuspidata, Novalena cuspidata (Araneae)., Novalena idahoana, Novalena idahoana (Araneae)., Novalena lobata (Araneae)., Novalena lobata, p. 231, Novalena lutzi, p. 229 figs., Novalena, Novalena lutzi, Novalena lutzi (Araneae)., Novalena marginata, Novalena marginata (Araneae)., Novalena nova, Novalena nova (Araneae)., Novalena orizaba (Araneae)., Novalena pina (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Novalena tolucana, Novalena tolucana (Araneae)., Novalena tolucana, p. 226, Novalena variabilis, p. 231]., Novalena variabilis, Novalena variabilis (Araneae)., Novalena wawona (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Novalena wawona, sp. nov., Wawona Camp, Yosemite Park, California p. 230, nr. Fresno, nr. Pine Valley, nr. Prescott, oquirrhensis, Oregon p. 221 fig, Oregon p. 221 figs, orizaba, p. 228, Novalena cuspidata, p. 231, Novalena idahoana, p. 229 fig.,, p. 238 figs, p. 240 fig, p. 241 figs, p. 241]., Pacific Grove, Panama p. 239 fig, Panama p. 240 fig, Pinehurst, redescrib. p., redescrib. p. 206 figs, redescrib. p. 208 figs, redescrib. p. 209 figs, redescrib. p. 212 figs, redescrib. p. 212 figs]., redescrib. p. 220 figs, region, Reno, rua, rua, p. 232, Rualena simplex, p. 233]., Rualena, Rualena (Araneae): [Gen nov, p. 232, Rualena alleni (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Rualena avila (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Rualena cavata, Rualena cavata (Araneae)., Rualena cockerelli (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Rualena cruzana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Rualena goleta (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Rualena magnacava (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Rualena rua (Araneae)., Rualena simplex (Araneae)., Rualena simplex [Zoology / / ]., Rualena surana (Araneae): [Sp nov]., Santa Cruz Id, Santa Rita Mts, santana, sp., sp. nov, States, Sunol, Systematics, transferred from, transferred from Agelena, Novalena annamae, p. 229, Novalena, transferred from, Agelena, Rualena cavata, p. 233, Rualena, transversa, Tulare, Weed, Yosemite Park},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR07900024421},
	author = {Chamberlin, R. V. and Ivie, W.}
}
@article {80,
	title = {Ragni di Turchia V. Specie nuove o interessanti, cavernicole ed epigee, di varie famiglie (Araneae)},
	journal = {Revue Suisse de Zoologie},
	volume = {85},
	year = {1978},
	note = {ZOOR11500019194},
	month = {1978},
	pages = {461-541},
	abstract = {<p>New species (36) are described from Turkey: 12 Dysderidae (Harpactocrates, Harpactea), 2 Pholcidae (Pholcus, Hoplopholcus), 22 Agelenidae (Circurina, Maimuna, Tegenaria, Coelotes). Twenty species are new for Turkey (Segestriidae, Pholcidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, Anapidae, Argyronetidae, Oxyopidae and Agelenidae). [New species are: Harpactocrates lycaoniae, Harpactea osellai, H. lyciae, H. medeae, H. colchidis, H. lazonum, H. lazonum, H. galatica, H. vignai, H. sbordonii, H. isaurica, H. sanctaeinsulae, H. diraoi, Pholcus spasskyi, Hoplopholcus asiae minoris, H. longipes comb. nov., Circurina paphlagoniae, Maimuna cariae, Tegenaria lyncea, T. pasquinii, T. bithyniae, T. hamid, T. tekke, T. boitanii, T. mamikonian, T. comnena, T. xenophontis, T. cottarellii, T. vignai, Coelotes armeniacus, C. luculli, C. nicomedis, C. rhododendri, C. cottarellii, C. pnthisicus, C. arganoi, C. coenobita and C. vignai.].</p>
},
	isbn = {0035-418X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR11500019194},
	author = {Brignoli, P.M.}
}
@article {30,
	title = {Quantitative immunodetection of metallothioneins in relation to metals concentration in spiders from variously polluted areas},
	journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2011},
	note = {ZOOR14802016758},
	month = {2011},
	pages = {1498-1503},
	abstract = {Spiders inhabiting post industrial environments, such as waste heaps or ore-bearing areas, are exposed to high concentrations of metals, accumulated in the body of their prey and transferred along food chains. Therefore spiders are pressed to develop metal-neutralization strategies. Low-molecular, multifunction proteins: metallothioneins (MTs), often postulated as biomarkers of metal exposure, are known to bind metals and thus protect organisms against their toxic effects. Yet the proteins are still not well recognized in spiders. The aim of this study was to assess, by immunodetection method, ELISA, the concentration of metallothioneins in adult females of three web building spider species: Araneus diadematus (Araneidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae) from three variously polluted areas in southern Poland: Olkusz, ore-bearing post industrial site; Katowice[long dash]WeLnowiec: post metallurgic waste heap, Pilica: the reference, rural, area. The concentration of metallothioneins has been analyzed in relation to the metal concentration in spiders body. The study gives the evidence that metallothioneins are reliably detectable by means of ELISA technique. The analysis of results obtained shows a strong species-dependence of the MTs level. Positive correlations between MTs concentration and metal body burden (mainly Zn and Pb) were found. This suggests that the proteins play an important role in the neutralization and regulation of metal ions in spiders. The same correlation indicate the possibility to consider MTs in spiders as biomarkers of metal exposure and effects. However, the species specificity as well as metal characteristics should be taken under account.},
	keywords = {Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Araneus diadematus, Araneus diadematus (Araneae)., Biochemical techniques, Biochemistry, Chemical, Eurasia, Europe, Land zones, Linyphia triangularis (Araneae)., Linyphia triangularis [Assay, Metallothioneins content / ] [Metal pollution / / ] [Poland / South /, Palaearctic region, Pollution, Techniques, techniques / ELISA / ] [Pollutants / Metals content / ] [Proteins /},
	isbn = {0147-6513},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14802016758},
	author = {Babczynska, Agnieszka and Wilczek, Grazyna and Szulinska, Elzbieta and Franiel, Izabella}
}
