@article {507,
	title = {Relations between metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {132},
	year = {2004},
	note = {ZOOR14101004601},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {453-461},
	abstract = {We studied the relations between glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes and heavy metal burdens in the web-building spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and the wolf spider Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) from five meadow sites along a heavy metal pollution gradient. We assayed the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPOX, GSTPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in both sexes. Except for GSH vs Pb content, we found significant correlations between GPOX and GSTPx activity and metal concentrations in females of A. labyrinthica. The highest activity of these enzymes measured in the web-building spiders was found in the individuals from the most polluted sites. In P. lugubris males significant correlations were found between GST and Pb and Zn concentrations, and between GPOX and GSTPx and the concentration of Cu. GST activity was higher in males collected from less polluted areas. Thus, detoxifying strategies against pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. Actively hunting spiders had higher metal concentrations, maintaining lower activity of detoxifying enzymes and a lower glutathione level. [copyright] 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {/ Relations with glutathione dependent detoxifying enzymes] [Enzymes /, Abiotic factors, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Biochemistry, burden] [Grassland / Meadow / Heavy metal burden \& glutathione dependent, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, detoxifying enzymes] [Metal pollution / / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland /, Eurasia, Europe, Glutathione dependent detoxifying enzymes / Relations with heavy metal, Habitat, Land zones, Olkusz / meadow habitat]., Palaearctic region, Pardosa lugubris (Araneae)., Pardosa lugubris [Pollutants / Heavy metal burdens, Pollution, Proteins, Terrestrial habitat},
	isbn = {0269-7491},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14101004601},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna and Babczynska, Agnieszka and Augustyniak, Maria and Migula, Pawel}
}
@article {509,
	title = {Cellular stress reactions assessed by gender and species in spiders from areas variously polluted with heavy metals},
	journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ZOOR14410058564},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {127-137},
	abstract = {In the funnel web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae; A. l.), sheet web spider Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae; L. t.) and wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae; X. n.) from two differently polluted meadow sites in southern Poland, we studied the relations between antioxidant parameters (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidases, GPOX, GSTPx; catalase, CAT; stress proteins-Hsp70, metallothioneins Mts), the intensity of apoptosis and necrosis, and heavy metal burdens of the midgut gland. Cellular reactions against stress caused by pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the midgut glands of male A. l. and X. n. were more than double that of the females, from both study sites. In male spiders from the heavily polluted site, both negative correlations (activity of caspase-3-like proteins vs Cu, Zn concentration; number of depolarized mitochondria vs Cu concentration) and positive correlations (number of necrotic cells vs Cu concentrations; activity of CAT vs Zn) were noted. The defense of males against high metal content and its prooxidative effects is based mainly on GSH and CAT. In females the antioxidative reactions are species-specific and depend mainly on high peroxidase activity and on stress protein level. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the midgut gland of female spiders from the heavily polluted site suggests the defensive role of this process in maintaining the proper functioning of this organ. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {[Cytology / Apoptosis \& necrosis / ] [Pollutants / Midgut gland heavy, [Digestive system / / ] [Sex differences / / ] [Grassland / Meadows /, ] [Metal pollution / Heavy metal pollution / ] [Metals / / ] [Poland /, Abiotic, Agelena labyrinthica, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae)., Biochemistry, Chemical factors, Chemical pollution, Cytology, Digestive system, Eurasia, Europe, factors, Habitat, Land zones, Linyphia triangularis, Linyphia triangularis (Araneae)., metal content / ] [Proteins / Antioxidant parameters / ] [Enzymes / / ], Olkusz \& Pilica / ]., Palaearctic region, Pollution, Proteins, Reproduction, Terrestrial habitat, Xerolycosa nemoralis, Xerolycosa nemoralis (Araneae).},
	isbn = {0147-6513},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14410058564},
	author = {Wilczek, Grazyna and Babczynska, Agnieszka and Wilczek, Piotr and Dolezych, Bogdan and Migula, Pawel and Mlynska, Hanna}
}
