@article {302, title = {Observations on the morphology and histochemistry of the foregut muscles of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida)}, journal = {Journal of Morphology}, volume = {170}, year = {1981}, note = {ZOOR11800014951}, month = {1981}, pages = {113-131}, abstract = {The morphology of the foregut muscles of 5 spider families (Theraphosidae, Agelenidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae) was described, and the individual fiber numbers and fiber cross diameters of the muscles were determined. The nomenclature of these muscles was reviewed and modified if necessary. Oxidative enzyme and myosin-ATPase histochemistry revealed 8 dilatatory muscles of the foregut to consist of slow (type I) fibers, fast fibers (type IIB) and intermediate fibers, were only found in the 2 other muscles of the foregut, and in the remaining prosomal muscles (type IIA fibers around the poison gland). The 8 sucking muscles proper of the foregut also showed stronger activities of transmitter metabolizing enzymes [monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD)], and comparatively distinct amounts of glycogen and lipids.}, keywords = {/ / histochemistry \& morphology] [Muscle arrangement and gross muscle, anatomy / / ] [Digestive system / / ]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Biochemistry / / Histochemistry, Biochemistry, Digestive system, foregut muscles] [Musculature, Musculature}, isbn = {0362-2525}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11800014951}, author = {Meyer, W.} } @article {303, title = {The distribution of monoamine oxidase and biogenic monoamines in the central nervous system of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida)}, journal = {Journal of Morphology}, volume = {164}, year = {1980}, note = {ZOOR11700016270}, month = {1980}, pages = {69-81}, abstract = {The distribution and activity patterns of monoamine oxidase and monoaminergic (formaldehyde-induced) fluorescence in the CNS of web-building and hunting spiders [web builders: Agelenidae (funnel-web spiders), Tegenaria derhami (Scopoli); Araneidae (orb-web spiders), Araneus sclopetarius (Clerck), A. marmoreus (Clerck) and Zygiella x-notata (Clerck); hunters: Lycosidae (wolf-spiders), Pardosa lugubris (Walkenaer), P. amentata (Clerck) and Trochosa spinipalpis (Cambridge); Salticidae (jumping spiders), Epiblemum scenicum (Clerck), (= Salticus scenicus Linne), Sitticus floricola (C.L. Koch) and Marpissa muscosa (Clerck) (= M. rumpfi (Scopoli)] were studied using histochemical methods. Enzyme activity occurred in the neuronal perikarya and in varying intensity in the structures of the neuropile mass, but only when dopamine, adrenaline [epinephrine] and noradrenaline [norepinephrine] were used as substrates. The optic centers of the spider brain normally exhibited relatively strong enzyme reactions when compared with the staining intensity of the rest of the nervous system. The neuronal cell bodies contained numerous granules of yellow-green fluorescence. Monoaminergic fluorescence of the neuropile was generally a weak green. The optic masses of the hunting spiders, the anterior bridge, several commissures of the ventral cord and the neural lamellae showed a slightly higher fluorescence intensity and single fluorescing granules. The presence of catecholamines in the spider nervous system is indicated.}, keywords = {Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Enzymes / / Monoamine oxidase distribution in CNS] [Protein, Biochemistry, Chemical composition, content / / Monoamine distribution in CNS] [Brain / / ]., Nervous system, Proteins}, isbn = {0362-2525}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700016270}, author = {Meyer, W. and Jehnen, R.} } @article {304, title = {Regional distribution of putative amino acid neurotransmitters in the CNS of spiders (Arachnida: Araneida)}, journal = {Neurochemistry International}, volume = {11}, year = {1987}, note = {ZOOR12400040472}, month = {1987}, pages = {241-246}, abstract = {The regional occurrence of five amino acid neurotransmitters (GABA, taurine, glycine, glutamate, aspartate) was studied in the CNS of five spider families, using a fluorescence microchromatogram method. Clear differences in transmitter distribution were obvious in relation to the phylogenetic standard of the spider families and the CNS regions investigated. For example, high relative amounts of taurine and GABA were typically confined to the protocerebral brain parts, particularly in the Araneidae and Salticidae. Remarkable amounts of glutamate were shown to exist in the lower CNS parts of the Agelenidae and, especially, the Theraphosidae. The results obtained confirm the dominant functional role of the protocerebrum in arthropods.}, keywords = {[Neurotransmitters / / Putative amino acid neurotransmitter, acid neurotransmitter distribution in CNS, Aphonopelma eutylenum, Aphonopelma eutylenum (Araneae)., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Central nervous system / / Neurotransmitter regional, Araneidae, Araneidae (Araneae)., comparative study] [Neurotransmitters / / Putative amino, comparisons]., distribution, distribution in CNS, Lycosidae, Lycosidae (Araneae)., Nervous system, Salticidae, Salticidae (Araneae)., Tegenaria, Tegenaria (Araneae).}, isbn = {0197-0186}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR12400040472}, author = {Meyer, W. and Poehling, H. M.} } @article {305, title = {Comparative aspects of free amino acids in the central nervous system of spiders}, journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C Comparative Pharmacology}, volume = {67}, year = {1980}, note = {ZOOR11700017268}, month = {1980}, pages = {83-86}, abstract = {The spectrum of free amino acids in the CNS of 6 spp. from 6 different spider families [Tegenaria derhami (Scopoli) (Agelenidae), Araneus diadematus Clerck (Araneidae), Pardosa amentata (Clerck) (Lycosidae), Marpissa muscosa (Clerck) (Salticidae), Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus Rossi (Theridiidae) and the orthognath species Aphonopelma eutylenum (Chamberlin) (Theraphosidae)] was analyzed by microchromatography of dansyl derivatives. Dansyl amino acids (23) were identified and the following ones were relatively abundant in all the species investigated: taurine, alanine, glycine, GABA, proline, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Results are compared with findings from other arthropod subphyla, and the role of amino acids as putative neurotransmitters in the arthropod CNS is discussed.}, keywords = {Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Protein content / / Free amino acids, Biochemistry, Chemical composition, CNS] [Central nervous, Nervous system, system / / Free amino acid diversity].}, isbn = {0306-4492}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11700017268}, author = {Meyer, W. and Poehling, H. M. and Neuhoff, V.} } @article {301, title = {Phosphatases in the central nervous system of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae)}, journal = {Histochemistry}, volume = {59}, year = {1979}, note = {ZOOR11600016844}, month = {1979}, pages = {177-187}, abstract = {The CNS of web-building spiders (Araneidae, Agelenidae) and hunting spiders (Lycosidae, Salticidae) were tested for nonspecific and specific phosphatases. Acid phosphatase exhibited weakly to moderately positive reactions in the neuronal cell bodies and in the neuropile fiber mass of all species investigated. Alkaline phosphatase could only be demonstrated in the external and internal neural lamellae of the brain and ventral cord of several specimens of the araneid species investigated. Tests for thiamine pyrophosphatase were negative with both the Pb and Ca-Co methods. Distinctive positive reactions for ATPase were visible in the nervous system of all the species used, being especially strong in the optic ganglia of the hunting spiders. The demonstration of ATPase was only possible when applying the Ca-Co method after Padykula and Herman, while the Pb method after Wachstein and Meisel did not produce any staining reaction at all. Controls of the histochemical reaction showed that the enzyme was activated by Ca2+ and inhibited by sulfhydryl destroying reagents (e.g., PCMB [p-chloromercuribenzoate]), but was insensitive to ouabain. It could be probably classified as a mitochondrial proton-translocating ATPase.}, keywords = {[Enzymes / / Phosphatase distribution, / / ]., Araneae (Arachnida)., Araneae [Enzymes / / Phosphatase distribution] [Central nervous system, Araneus sclopetarius, Araneus sclopetarius (Araneae)., atrica, Biochemistry, central nervous system]., Marpissa muscosa, Marpissa muscosa (Araneae)., Nervous system, Pardosa amentata, Pardosa amentata (Araneae)., Proteins, Tegenaria, Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)., Tegenaria derhami, Tegenaria derhami (Araneae)., Trochosa spinipalpis, Trochosa spinipalpis (Araneae)., Zygiella x-notata, Zygiella x-notata (Araneae).}, isbn = {0301-5564}, url = {://ZOOREC:ZOOR11600016844}, author = {Meyer, W.} }